What determines banks’ customer choice? Evidence from transition countries

This paper explores how bank characteristics and the institutional environment influence the composition of banks’ loan portfolios. Using a new data set based on the recent EBRD Banking Environment and Performance Survey (BEPS), which was conducted in 2005 for 220 banks in 20 transition countries, we show that bank characteristics such as ownership and size are important determinants of bank customer focus. In particular, we find that foreign banks are relatively strongly involved in mortgage lending and lending to subsidiaries of foreign companies, while lending relatively less to large domestic firms. We also find that small banks lend relatively more to SMEs than large banks do, while large banks appear to have a comparative advantage in lending to large customers. We do not find much evidence for the hypothesis that better legal credit protection changes bank portfolio composition. An exception is that banks that perceive pledge and mortgage laws to be of high quality focus more on mortgage lending.banking, portfolio composition

Paris'in jön delikanlıları

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Nazım Hikmetİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Driven by Emotion? A Study on Investor Sentiment and the US Stock Market

This thesis examines the extent to which investor sentiment can predict stock market movements in the United States, with focus on the S&P 500 Index. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes data from 2006 to 2023 and applies both Ordinary Least Squares and GARCH regression models. Two sentiment indicators are central to the analysis: the CNN Fear and Greed Index, which captures overall market mood, and the American Association of Individual Investors Sentiment Survey, which reflects individual investor expectations. The purpose is to explore whether emotional factors, such as fear and greed, can help explain deviations from traditional financial theories like the Efficient Market Hypothesis and Modern Portfolio Theory. The empirical findings reveal a negative correlation between sentiment and future market volatility. While sentiment alone cannot fully predict market trends, the results indicate that emotionally driven investor behavior plays a significant role, particularly during periods of high uncertainty. These insights support the relevance of behavioral finance and suggest that incorporating sentiment into financial analysis may improve the understanding of market dynamics. The study concludes that sentiment indicators, especially when combined, can serve as valuable tools for identifying emotionally driven market movements and contribute to more informed investment strategies

ANALISA RUNNING MOTOR INDUKSI TIGA FASA MENGGUNAKAN INVERTER DI PDAM TIRTA MUSI PALEMBANG

Operation of three phase induction motor speed control motors sometimes required as needed. If the speed setting is not done properly will cause engine damage due to the rapid increase in motor current when the speed decreases. To avoid such damage the motor speed can be adjusted as needed, by using an inverter. Using a frequency inverter input voltage to control the speed of motor rotation. The motor rotation speed setting can be done by changing the frequency of the potentiometer. The smaller the frequency, the smaller the current generated so that rotation of the motor will decrease. keywords : three phase induction motor, inverter

Predictors, severity and associate factors of acute pancreatitis: A tertiary hospital’s experience

Aim: Acute pancreatitis is a common disorder that occurs following an acute response to a pancreatic injury. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of severity and associated factors, as well as the association of different classification systems of severity among pa-tients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted in Albania including 150 patients with AP between March 2021 and March 2022. Variables such as baseline characteristics, la-boratory findings, and calculated scores of known severity classifications were analyzed. Pa-tients were graded as having mild, moderate, or severe acute pancreatitis based on the Revi-sion of the Atlanta Classification (RAC). Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the relationship between the ordinal variable (RAC categories) and the explanatory variables men-tioned above.Results: Women with AP had a higher average age than men with AP (62.5 vs. 57.5 years old, respectively, p<0.05). Additionally, the alcoholic etiology in males prevailed in 100% of cases, while the biliary etiology was more common in females (64.2% compared to 35.8% in males, p<0.001). Ordinal logistic regression showed that a one unit increase in the CT Severi-ty Index (CTSI) and Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis resulted in a 0.968 and 0.430 times increase, respectively, in the ordered log-odds of being in a higher RAC classifi-cation category. The presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) (vs. non-present) resulted in a 2.98 higher ordered logit. Conversely, a one unit increase in satura-tion level decreased the ordered log-odds by approximately 0.4 times.Conclusion: The severity of acute pancreatitis is a medical event that requires accurate pre-diction, for which many classification systems have been compiled, with the RAC being the most recent consensus. CTSI, the presence of SIRS, and saturation levels are significantly as-sociated with RAC, without excluding the discussion on the predictive value of laboratory findings, such as glycemia, azotemia, and creatinine

Simulation, Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Power Distribution Across Step-Up Auto-Transformer Under Linear Loading Conditions

This paper presents determining the actual values of the effective resistance and reactance components of a single phase auto-transformers, the measured values of voltages and currents were used for the calculation of R and X components for fundamental frequency of the system. The obtained values are simulated in the PSpice environment and then how the currents, voltages and power are distributed between them is explained based on calculations

Förskollärares kommunikation för att främja barns delaktighet i lek i utomhusmiljö. En kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer och observationer av några förskollärare.

Forskningsläge: Forskning visade att förskollärare behövde arbeta aktivt med kommunikation i förskolan. Det kunde ske genom att barn fick möta lärare som såg, förstod och tillgodo såg barns behov av kommunikation (Jonsson, 2016). Förskollärare behövde delta aktivt i förskolans aktiviteter för att barn inte skulle riskera att hamna utanför kamratgemenskapen med andra barn (Jonsdottir, 2007). Förskollärare behövde inta en aktiv roll i lek för att barn inte skulle hamna utanför gemenskapen med andra barn. I studien framgick att omkring var nionde barn inte blev vald som lekkamrat (Jonsdottir, 2007). Bruce m.fl, (2016) påpekade att barn som inte kommunicerade verbalt riskerade att hamna utanför leken utomhus. Därför behövdes förskollärens deltagande i barnens aktiviteter. Där erbjöds barn kommunikativt stöd. Lek blev tillgänglig så att barn kunde delta i lek genom att barn gavs det kommunikativa stöd som behövdes i lek (Bruce m.fl., 2016). Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur några förskollärare kommunicerade med barn i utomhusmiljö för att främja alla barns delaktighet i lek. Frågeställningarna för studien var: Hur kommunicerar några förskollärare med barnen för att främja delaktighet i lek i utomhusmiljö? Hur beskriver några förskollärarna att de kommunicerar med barnen för att främja barnens delaktighet i lek i utomhusmiljö? Teori: Studien utgick i från sociokulturell teori på lärande. Enligt sociokulturell teori sker lärande i sociala sammanhang och lärande sker hela tiden utifrån vad människan erfar (Säljö, 2014). I sociokulturell teori kunde studeras vad någon säger och gör (Säljö, 2014). Vi kopplade vad förskollärarna gjorde till observationerna i studien. Vi kopplade vad förskollärarna sade och deras egna tankar till intervjuerna i studien. Metod: Metoden som användes i studien är kvalitativ. Datainsamling har genomförts genom icke deltagande observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vi använde oss av tematisk analys vid analysen av resultatet. Resultat och diskussion: Studiens resultat framhöll att förskollärarna främst använde verbal kommunikation och kroppsspråk för att främja barns delaktighet i lek i utomhusmiljö. De an vände olika strategier så som exempelvis att starta upp lekar, vara delaktiga i barns lek och där tillvaratog barns idéer. Förskollärarna uppmuntrade till samarbete samt höll dialog med barnen i leken. Förskollärarna uttryckte att de önskade utbildning i tecken som stöd och även i bildstöd. Detta för att kunna möta alla barns olika behov i kommunikation för att främja alla barns delaktighet i lek. Genom studien kan förskollärarna som deltar få syn på sin kommunikation både i ord och handling. Vi tänkte att studiens resultat kunde användas som ett stöd i att vidareutveckla arbetet med kommunikation i barngruppen. Detta för att främja barns delaktighet i lek i utomhusmiljö

The Voice of the Gods is Crippling: Law School for Helicoptered Millennials

As millennials dominate law school classrooms, many professors are recognizing the importance of altering the traditional methods of teaching law. Millennials act, think, and learn differently. Numerous factors are linked to why this new generation of law students is distinctively different than previous generations. This article examines these factors and how they influence millennials’ learning styles. Alternative methods of teaching millennial law students are also discussed and proposed, along with a specific example of a tailored professional responsibility textbook and course to the modern law student

Uporedno ispitivanje citoloških, histopatoloških i imunohistohemijskih metoda dijagnostike kutanih i supkutanih masa kod pasa

In this study, we compared the cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical diagnoses of 71 canine cutaneous and subcutaneous masses. Cytological diagnoses included 56 tumors (21 mesenchymal, 15 epithelial, 16 round cell, four melanocytic), 13 infl ammatory reactions, and two cysts. Of the 21 cytologically diagnosed mesenchymal tumors, three were later confi rmed non-tumoral (hematoma, granulation tissue, fi broepithelial polyp). Thirteen out of 15 epithelial tumors were correctly diagnosed cytologically, whereas two cases were confi rmed to be non-tumoral (fi broepithelial polyp, granulation tissue) after histopathological examination. One mast cell tumor was later confi rmed as fi brous hyperplasia; diagnoses were correct in other round cell tumors. Cytological diagnoses were correct for all melanocytic tumors and cystic lesions. Five cases which had been cytologically diagnosed as infl ammatory reactions were diagnosed as tumors (lymphoma, papilloma, sebaceous adenoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) after histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry confi rmed the histopathological diagnoses of all epithelial and round cell tumors, while the diagnoses of six mesenchymal tumors were changed after the immunohistochemical examination. The total accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of tumoral/non-tumoral masses was 84.5%, and the accuracy in the determination of benign/malignant behavior was 83%. Diagnostic accordance between histopathology and immunohistochemistry was 86.6%. High success rates obtained with cytological diagnoses prove that cytology is a reliable diagnostic tool. The main diagnostic challenge remains with mesenchymal tumors and tumors accompanied by infl ammatory reactions. The results suggest that immunohistochemistry is fundamental for diagnoses of most mesenchymal tumors.U studiji je urađena uporedna analiza citoloških, histopatoloških i imunohistohemijskih dijagnostičkih metoda ispitivanja kutanih i supkutanih masa kod 71 pasa. Citološka dijagnoza je obuhvatala 56 tumora (21 mezenhimskog porekla, 15 epitelnih, 16 tumora okruglih ćelija i četiri melanocitna tumora), 13 infl amatornih promena i dve ciste. Od dvadesetjednog mezenhimskog tumora, tri su kasnije potvrđena kao neneoplastične lezije, (hematomi, granulomatozno tkivo, fi broepitelijalni polip). Posle histopatoloških ispitivanja, trinaest od ukupno 15 epitelnih tumora, citološki su bili pravilno dijagnostikovani pri čemu su dva potvrđena kao neneoplastične tvorevine (fi broepitelni polip, granulaciono tkivo). Jedan mastocitom je kasnije potvrđen kao fi brozna hiperplazija. Dijagnoza je bila tačna u slučajevima tumora okruglih ćelija. Citološka dijagnoza je bila tačna u svim slučajevima melanotičnih tumora i cista. Pet slučajeva kod kojih je citološki nalaz ukazivao na zapaljenske reakcije, posle histopatološkog ispitivanja dijagnostikovani su kao tumori (limfom, papilom, sebaceozni adenom i skvamozni karcinom). Primenom imunohistohemijskih metoda, potvrđene su histopatološke dijagnoze svih epitelnih i tumora okruglih ćelija dok je dijagnoza šest mezenhimskih tumora promenjena posle ispitivanja imunohistohemijskim metodama. Tačnost citoloških ispitivanja u dijagnostici tumora i netumorskih tvorevina bila je 84,5%, pri čemu je tačnost u određivanju benignog/malignog ponašanja tkiva bila 83%. Usklađenost između histopatološkog i imunohistohemijskog rezultata bila je 86,6%. Visok nivo tačnosti koji je dobijen na osnovu citoloških ispitivanja, dokazuje da je citološka metoda ispitivanja dobra početna dijagnostiča tehnika. Međutim i dalje je glavni izazov u dijagnostičkom smislu, ispitivanje mezenhimskih tumora kao i tumora praćenih infl amacijom. Rezultati ukazuju da imunohistohemijsko ispitivanje predstavlja osnovu dijagnoze većine mezenhimskih tumora