MONOLITH: a high resolution neutrino oscillation experiment

MONOLITH is a proposed massive magnetized tracking calorimeter at the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy, optimized for the detection of atmospheric muon neutrinos. The main goal is to test the neutrino oscillation hypothesis through an explicit observation of the full first oscillation swing. The sensitivity range for this measurement comfortably covers the entire Super-Kamiokande allowed region. Other measurements include studies of matter effects, the NC/CC and neutrino/anti-neutrino ratio with atmospheric neutrinos and auxiliary measurements from the CERN to Gran Sasso neutrino beam. Depending on approval, data taking with part of the detector could start in 2005. The MONOLITH detector and its performance are described.Comment: 8 pages, contribution to Les rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste, March 200

Prospects of measuring sin⁡22Θ13\sin^2 2\Theta_{13} and the sign of Δm2\Delta m^2 with a massive magnetized detector for atmospheric neutrinos

The pattern of oscillation parameters emerging from current experimental data can be further elucidated by the observation of matter effects. In contrast to planned experiments with conventional neutrino beams, atmospheric neutrinos offer the possibility to search for Earth-induced matter effects with very long baselines. Resonant matter effects are asymmetric on neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, depending on the sign of $\Delta m^2$. In a three-generation oscillation scenario, this gives access to the mass hierarchy of neutrinos, while the size of the asymmetry would measure the admixture of electron neutrinos to muon/tau neutrino oscillations (the mixing angle $\Theta_{13}$). The sensitivity to these effects is discussed after the detailed simulation of a realistic experiment based on a massive detector for atmospheric neutrinos with charge identification. We show how a detector, which measure and distinguish between $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu$ charged current events, might be sensitive to matter effects using atmospheric neutrinos, provided the mixing angle $\Theta_{13}$ is large enough.Comment: (8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Eur.Phys.J.C

On particle production for high energy neutrino beams

Analytical formulae for the calculation of secondary particle yields in p-A interactions are given. These formulae can be of great practical importance for fast calculations of neutrino fluxes and for designing new neutrino beam-lines. The formulae are based on a parameterization of the inclusive invariant cross sections for secondary particle production measured in p-Be interactions. Data collected in different energy ranges and kinematic regions are used. The accuracy of the fit to the data with the empirical formulae adopted is within the experimental uncertainties. Prescriptions to extrapolate this parameterization to finite targets and to targets of different materials are given. The results obtained are then used as an input for the simulation of neutrino beams. We show that our approach describes well the main characteristics of measured neutrino spectra at CERN. Thus it may be used in fast simulations aiming at the optimisation of the proposed long-baseline neutrino beams at CERN and FNAL. In particular we will show our predictions for the CNGS beam from CERN to Gran Sasso.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to The European Physics Journal

Action of ascorbic acid on the oviduct of the toad, Bufo marinus (L.)

O artigo não apresenta resumo.1) — The injections of the sodium, salt of ascorbic acid have determined a reaction on the oviduct of the toad (Bufo marinus (L.), simitar to that obtained by homoimplantation of the anterior hypophysis.2) — By employing, in the above experiments, ALLENDE'S technique, we obtained 10 positive responses, out of 11 injected animals.3) — It seems that the intensity of the positive reactions depends on the degree of maturation of both ovaries and oviducts.4) — Considering the present state of our knowledge on reproductive phenomena, as well as their endocrine regulation, inbatrachia, we cannot say, for certain, whether the sodium salt ofascorbic acid acts directly or indirectly on the oviduct

Da ação da saponina sobre peixes: Guarus (Poecilia sp.) e Acarás (Geophagus sp.)

A experimentação foi efetuada quer com soluções de saponina quer com macerado aquoso de saboneteira (Sapindus saponaria). A atividade deste, em soluções equivalentes à solução a um por mil de saponina J. D. RIEDEL, mostrou-se muito maior não evidenciando o envelhecimento das soluções, alterações do efeito tóxico. Observaram que a ação tóxica de tal veneno sobre certos gêneros de peixes (Geophagus sp. e Poecilia sp.) se manifesta por cinco fases sucessivas — excitacão; asfixiamento; depressão inicial; depressão adiantada; morte —e que o tempo decorrente entre elas é variável. Tais variações demonstraram-se influenciáveis pela concentração da saponina ou do macerado de saboneteira, sendo igualmente dependentes do porte do animal. A temperatura mais elevada, segundo observações feitas a 15°,20° e 25°C, implica num encurtamento dos períodos das diversas fases, enquanto o estado de jejum não parece ter significado para a mais pronta evidenciação dos efeitos esperados. A capacidade de restabelecimento dos peixes só é possível se retirados na primeira fase das manifestações tóxicas; quando retirados em qualquer das outras quatro fases subsequentes, não houve sobrevivência de nenhum deles.The experience were made either with saponina solutions or with aqueous maceration of "saboneteira" (Sapindus saponaria). The activity of this macerations equivalent to 1% saponin solution J. D. Riedel, was greater and old solutions did not show modifications of toxic effects. The authors observed that the toxic effect of such venon on some fish genera (Geophagus sp. and Poecilia sp.) manifested itself by five sucessive phasis — excitation; asphyxy; initial depression; advence depression; death — and that the time that elapsed among them is a variable one. Such variations are influenced by saponin concentration of by "saboneteira" maceration, and they are dependent on the animal size. A higher temperature, as it was observed at 15°C, 20°C and 25°C, induce a shortening of periods of the several phasis, but fasting seem not to have interference with the readiest evidence of the expected effects. The recovery fishes capacity is possible only if they are drown back during the first phasis of the toxic manifestations: if they were drown back in any of the others following four phasis, they do not survive

Contribution to the study of the intravenous anesthesia in the dog by the "Thionembutal" - Adaptation of Lundy's fractioned method

O Thionembutal foi aplicado em cirurgia canina, nas anestesias de longa duração, pelo método fracionado de Lundy. Descrevem os A. A. o sistema utilizado, a técnica de administração, e o indicam para um grande número de intervenções.The "Thinembutal" was applied in the anaesthesia of long duration, by Lundy's fractined method, in canine surgery. The A. A. describe the adaptation, the administration technique and suggest this new method for numerous surgical interferences

Da obtenção de um extrato glicerinado para a hipofisação de peixes

O artigo não apresenta resumo

On the technic of fishes' hypophysation

A técnica de hipofisação de nossos peixes foi idealizada e posta em prática por VON IHERING, dadas as condições especiais que, em nosso meio, cercam o ato reprodutivo daquêles animais, principalmente com relação aos peixes de águas correntes, ou segundo a terminologia limnológica, de ambientes lóticos. Ofereceu o referido método, tôdas aquelas vantagens previstas pelo cientista acima referido, sendo a sua técnica adotada por diversos pesquisadores extrangeiros, (15 a 19). Dentre as principais vantagens podemos citar as seguintes:a) possibilidade da prática da fecundação artificial.b) índice elevado de aproveitamento, — vantagem esta que permite a aplicação do processo aos peixes de águas paradas ou de ambientes lênticos, uma vez que a desova processada “ in natura”, oferece escasso aproveitamento.c) permitir as tentativas de cruzamento das espécies de peixes morfologicamente afins, porém fisiológicamente isolados por desovarem em épocas diferentes.d) permitir estabelecer a hora provável da desova. A técnica original, vem, através de novas pesquisas, sofrendo modificações de modo a se tornar mais prática e eficiente. Iniciando a nossa colaboração nesses estudos, preparamos um extrato glicerinado de hipófises de peixes, que pelo seu comportamento, segundo observações efetuadas, veio tornar a referida técnica de mais fácil e ampla aplicação. Isto porque, o extrato glicerinado oferece:a) uma solução hormonal capaz de conservar a sua atividade, quando mantida quer no frio, quer na temperatura ambiente, por espaço mínimo de um ano e meio, pois ainda não pudemos estabelecer o limite extremo da referida conservação.b) a mesma solução hormonal permite a hipofisação de todos os reprodutores de cada lote, na freqüência desejada, o que vem facultar uma avaliação mais ou menos precisa das doses a administrar, tornando os resultados mais uniformes.c) torna a técnica mais prática uma vez que dispensa o preparo prévio da solução hormonal antes de cada injeção; permitindo que as injeções sejam aplicadas numa freqüência mais espaçada, oque torna mais suave o trabalho do técnico.d) garante uma assepsia melhor.This paper includes two parts: mainly the A. A. review not only a summary of the modifications that have occurred in the technic of the kypophysation of fishes in Brazil, from the early works of VON IHERING as they also appoint alls the advantages brought to the Brazilian pisciculture by the utilization of the method above referred; secondly the A.A. appoint the recent modifications in the original process by the use of a glycerinate extract from fish hypophysis (Fonseca Ribeiro and Tabarelli Neto). To such innovation they have collaborated according to papers previously published, in which they demonstrated its efficacy. They founded experimentally new behaviors of glycerinate extract, especially referring to the capacity of the conservation of its hormonal activity even when kept in the icebox or in the room temperature. They describe the advantages off erred, by the modifications mentioned as well as some results obtained by other workers who have used the glycerinate extract