Effects of chemical and green nano-zinc oxide on histological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat kidney associated with cisplatin

Cisplatin (CP) is used to treat various tumors. A main restriction of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ZnONPs on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and rat kidney tissue damage. Eighty adult male Wistar rats (250g-270g) were divided into ten groups: Control (CON), Sham (SH), Bulk ZnO (BZnO), Chemical ZnONPs (ChZnONPs), Green ZnONPs (GrZnONPs), Cisplatin (CP), Cisplatin+BulkZnO (CP+BZnO), Cisplatin+Green ZnONPs (CP+GrZnONPs), Cisplatin+Chemical ZnONPs (CP+ChZnONPs), Cisplatin+Explant (CP+EX). CP was i.p administered 5mg/kg/week and BZnO, ChZnONPs and GrZnONPs were i.p administered at a dose of 5mg/kg/day. After 30 days of the treatment, the expression of apoptosis/anti apoptosis related genes oxidant/antioxidant factors and histological changes in the were studied. The CP-treated group showed a decrease in body weight, while the Co-administration of ZGNPs to CP-treated rats showed a significant increase compared to the CP group. The results showed that the increased mRNA level of bax, MDA and the decreased mRNA level of bcl2, SOD and CAT activities in kidney of CP group were improved when animals were treated with ZnO NPs. Our results showed that GrZnONPs, ChZnONPs and BZnO had the potential to protect against oxidative stress and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity that this protective effect was more evident in GrZnONPs

Effect of maternal diabetes and quercetin exposure on the oxidative stress and kidney damage in rat's fetus

Purpose: To investigate the prophylactic effects of quercetin on oxidative stress and damage to kidney in rat's fetus harvested from diabetic mothers.Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided to into four experimental groups: control, quercetin, diabetic, and quercetin-treated diabetic groups (6 rats in each group). Experimental diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and the female rats were mated with male rats. Thereafter, quercetin was orally administered by oral gavage (75 mg/kg), on 0, 7, 14 and 20 days of gestation. Foetuses were harvested on the 20th day of gestation and their kidneys, removed and the tissues examined biochemically and histopathologically. Subsequently, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured in the renal tissue.Results: Maternal diabetes delayed fetal kidney development and renal tubular necrosis, and reduced the number of renal glomeruli, while quercetin decreased the level of these changes. Accordingly, the MDA level increased while catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased in diabetic fetal kidney. These biochemical changes were corrected by quercetin.Conclusion: Quercetin has a protective effect on some biochemical and pathological changes in the kidney of foetuses exposed to maternal diabetes.Keywords: Maternal diabetes, Streptozotocin, Quercetin, Renal teratogenicity, Fetu

NASAL ADMINISTRATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND SILVER IONS REDUCED COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ADULT RATS

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown adverse effects and a toxic impact on human cell bodies. Passing the blood-brain barrier and increasing oxidative stress can change different parts of the brain such as the hippocampus. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to explore the possible neurotoxicity of AgNPs in adult rats. Method: Neurotoxicity was created in rats by treating them with 15 mg/kg NP3 and silver ions (AgAc) intra-nasally every two days for 20 days. The animals were divided into five groups: control, vehicle, NP3, NP15, and AgAc. Behavioral assessments such as Morris water maze and elevated plus maze, and assessment of biomarkers such as malondialdehyde assay were used to evaluate cognitive impairment and molecular changes induced by silver. Result: The results revealed that NP15 and AgAc significantly impaired spatial memory. Moreover, NP3, NP15, and AgAc increased anxiety in animals. Additionally, MDA was significantly increased by NP3 and NP15. Conclusion: The findings showed that AgNPs and AgAc, particularly NP15, result in neurotoxicity and behavioral impairments.                     Peer Review History: Received: 26 February 2023; Revised: 13 March; Accepted: 28 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected] Received file:                             Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]

Study the Effect of Crocin on Avoidance Memory and Motor Activity Impairment Induced by Doxorubicin Administration in Adult Male Rats

Abstract Background: A lot of studies indicate that cancer chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin results in memory impairment. On the other hand, crocin as the chemical constituent isolated from the Saffron is effective on memory and motor enhancement. So, in this work, we have studied the co-administration effect of crocin and doxorubicin on avoidance memory and motor activity in adult male rat. Material and Methods: In this study, 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups: control, sham, doxorubicin, crocin and treated rats with coadministration of doxorubicin and crocin. In crocin group, crocin injected 30mg/kg for 21 days and each rat in the chemotherapy group was treated once a week for 3 weeks with doxorubicin (5mg/kg). Treatment group, received doxorubicin and crocin at the same time. Sham groups administrated with saline. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally. After these procure passive avoidance memory, balance and exploratory behaviors were assessed respectively by shuttle box, rotarod and open field instruments. Results: Memory in rats which have consumed doxorubicin significantly was decreased compared to other groups (p<0.001). Crocin treatment improved memory impairment following doxorubicin injection (p<0.001). Motor activity in open field and rotarod tests in treatment group showed significantly increased compared to doxorubicin group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Crocin consumption beside of anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin has protective effect on the bad effects of chemotherapy drugs on memory and movement

The Serum Pepsinogen Level of Dairy Cows with Gastrointestinal Disorders

The incidence of abomasal mucosal diseases in dairy cows suffering from gastrointestinal disorders is becoming more frequent in modern intensive production. Clinical signs are often non-specific. In this study, 67 dairy cows with gastrointestinal disorders and 9 healthy dairy cows as the control group were used. In order to make a tentative diagnosis, a complete physical examination was performed, and the fecal samples were taken from each cow for the fecal occult blood (FOB) and the fecal egg count (FEC). Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein for WBC, Hematocrit (PCV) evaluations, and serum biochemical analysis. Serum pepsinogen activity and total protein; albumin and globulin were measured using validated standard methods. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. A significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in all the cases of abomasal displacements compared to the control group. Among the abomasal displacement groups a significant increase in serum pepsinogen activity was seen in abomasal displacements with suspected abomasal ulcer in comparison with those without any signs of abomasal ulcer (positive FOB and melena). No considerable differences were observed between WBC, PCV, and total protein and globulin in different gastrointestinal disorders and the control group. In this study, the serum pepsinogen activity in all dairy cows with signs of abomasal ulcer (melena and positive fecal occult blood test) was higher than the control group, since all of the cases had negative abomasal parasites; these increases in the signs of abomasal ulcer could predict abomasal ulcer complication in the cases of displacements

Okra (Abelmoscus esculentus) Improved Islets Structure, and Down-Regulated PPARs Gene Expression in Pancreas of High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a tropical vegetable that is rich in carbohydrates, fibers, proteins and natural antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Okra powder on pancreatic islets and its action on the expression of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α genes in pancreas of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, diabetes was induced by feeding HFD (60% fat) for 30 days followed by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Okra powder (200 mg/kg) was given orally for 30 days after diabetes induction. At the end of the experiment, pancreas tissues were removed and stained by haematoxylin and Eozine and aldehyde fuchsin for determination of the number of β-cells in pancreatic islets. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and insulin levels were measured in serum. Moreover, PPAR-γ and PPAR-α mRNAs expression were measured in pancreas using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results Okra supplementation significantly decreased the elevated levels of FBS, total cholesterol, and TG and attenuated homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in diabetic rats. The expression levels of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α genes that were elevated in diabetic rats, attenuated in okra-treated rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, okra improved the histological damages of pancreas including vacuolization and decreased β-cells mass, in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our findings confirmed the potential anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Okra. These changes were associated with reduced pancreatic tissue damage. Down-regulation of PPARs genes in the pancreas of diabetic rats after treatment with okra, demonstrates that okra may improve glucose homeostasis and β-cells impairment in diabetes through a PPAR-dependent mechanism