Cultures of conflict:Protests, violent repression, and community values

What are the cultural origins of societal conflicts that revolve around democratization, women’s rights, and modern libertarian values? We propose that deep-seated differences in community-based collective values (at the micro-level) may be related to why people support anti-government protest and why they support repression of such protests (at the macro-level). The hypothesis was examined among residents of Turkey (N = 500). Cultural values, measured at the individual level and community level with the community collectivism scale, correlated with political orientation and emotions, as well as with subsequent support for anti-governmental protest or its repression. The main conclusions are that both support for protest and support for repression are related to the cultural values people hold and their subsequent political orientations and emotions. Micro-level cultural values in local communities may thus play a role in explaining macro-level socio-political divides

Clairaut Anti-invariant Submersions from Sasakian and Kenmotsu Manifolds

We investigate new Clairaut conditions for anti-invariant submersions from Sasakian and Kenmotsu manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We prove that there do not exist Clairaut anti-invariant submersion admitting vertical Reeb vector field in case of the total manifold is Sasakian. Several illustrative examples are also included

The sustainability of the Turkish current account: Smooth structural break and asymmetric adjustments

In this study, we investigate the sustainability of Turkish current account to GDP ratio in the long run by testing the null hypothesis of a unit root against the alternative of the smooth structural break with sign and/or size nonlinearity. Using nonlinear unit root tests, we find strong evidence in favour of the sustainability of Turkish current account deficit after taking into account both the smooth structural break and asymmetric speed of adjustment towards mean values. The core of our conclusion is twofold: first, we find that current account deficit is sustainable for Turkey in the analysed period; and second, sustainable current account deficit increased to around 5% of GDP in Turkey after the smooth structural break. Our results point out that current account deficits about 5% of GDP are sustainable if current account deficits permit greater FDI inflows and long-term external borrowings that much more oriented towards productive activities in the economy. However, if domestic investments are mainly financed by short-term external borrowings, then running current account deficits around 5% of GDP in the long run may generate inherent problems