Forecasting of Suspended Sediment in Rivers Using Artificial Neural Networks Approach

Suspended sediment estimation is important to the water resources management and water quality problem. In this article, artificial neural networks (ANN), M5tree (M5T) approaches and statistical approaches such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) are used for estimation daily suspended sediment concentration from daily temperature of water and streamflow in river. These daily datas were measured at Iowa station in US. These prediction aproaches are compared to each other according to three statistical criteria, namely, mean square errors (MSE), mean absolute relative error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (R). When the results are compared ANN approach have better forecasts suspended sediment than the other estimation methods

Is visceral obesity associated with colorectal cancer? The first volumetric study using all CT slices

PURPOSEWe aimed to examine the possible relationship between abdominal adiposity parameters and the presence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and between these adiposity parameters and various histopathologic findings of the tumor.METHODSA total of 60 control subjects and 111 CRC patients, 63 with early-stage and 48 with advanced-stage disease, were enrolled. Medical data and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations of each study group were retrospectively reviewed. Abdominal adiposity parameters, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume, and total adipose tissue (TAT) volume, were calculated on all slices of the CT examinations with specialized software, and results for each study group were compared. Adiposity parameters were also compared with tumor histopathologic findings.RESULTSWe found lower VAT and higher SAT volumes in advanced-stage CRC patients, compared with the early-stage group. However, this relationship was not statistically significant (P = 0.721 for VAT and P = 0.432 for SAT volumes). We detected significantly lower VAT and SAT volumes in the early-stage CRC group compared with the control group (P = 0.014 for both). There was no significant relationship between TAT volumes and the study groups (P = 0.06). No statistically significant relationship was detected between adipose tissue parameters and histopathologic features of the CRC group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONWe found statistically significant lower VAT and SAT volumes in patients with early-stage CRC compared with the control group. Volumetric adipose tissue measurements may be more accurate than area measurements and can easily be performed on abdominopelvic CT examination, which is the routine imaging modality for CRC patients

Numerical Modeling of Submerged Vane Flow

Scours in rivers occur due to high flow velocities. In order to reduce scour, flow velocities need to be reduced. Submerged vane structures are effective in both reducing the flow rate and directing the flow. In this study, numerical modeling was made with submerged vane structures. Models of the measured flow velocities in the channel, where submerged vane experiments were performed before, were compared with the results of the submerged vane experiment by using the 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In the present CFD model, continuity and momentum, turbulence model equations are applied. For the turbulence viscosity, k-ε turbulence model is used. The results of the present model are compared with the previous experimental work

Split-bolus MR urography: synchronous visualization of obstructing vessels and collecting system in children

Several vascular abnormalities related with urinary system such as crossing accessory renal vessels, retroiliac ureters, retrocaval ureters, posterior nutcracker syndrome, and ovarian vein syndrome may be responsible for urinary collecting system obstruction. Split-bolus magnetic resonance urography (MRU) using contrast material as two separate bolus injections provides superior demonstration of the collecting system and obstructing vascular anomalies simultaneously and enables accurate preoperative radiologic diagnosis. In this pictorial review we aimed to outline the split-bolus MRU technique in children, list the coexisting congenital collecting system and vascular abnormalities, and exhibit the split-bolus MRU appearances of concurrent urinary collecting system and vascular abnormalities

Prevalence of dual left anterior descending artery variations in CT angiography

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the frequency and features of dual left anterior descending artery (LAD) variants using computed tomography (CT) angiography.METHODSA total of 1337 consecutive coronary CT angiography examinations performed between April 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of dual LAD. CT examinations were performed with either 64- or 320-row multidetector CT scanners. All CT angiography images were evaluated for the presence and morphologic features of dual LAD subtypes.RESULTSFifty-six dual LAD variations (4%) were identified in this study population. Type 1 was the most common type of dual LAD (n=48), while Type 3 (n=3) and Type 4 (n=2) were infrequent and Type 2 was not detected. Additionally, we detected previously unclassified dual LAD variations in three cases.CONCLUSIONDual LAD may be a relatively more common variant than described in the medical literature, which is mostly based on catheter angiography studies. Coronary CT angiography seems markedly efficacious for detecting and documenting the anatomical details of dual LAD subtypes, as well as showing other associated cardiocoronary anomalies

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

Combıned Heat And Power System Desıgn For Sample Hospıtal Campus

Hastane binaları diğer bina tipolojilerine kıyasla enerji tüketiminin en yoğun olduğu yerlerdir. Artan enerji maliyetleri, iklim değişikliği ve enerji verimliliği mevzuatları, hastanelerde enerji tüketiminin azaltılması çalışmalarını hızlandıran unsurlar olmuşlardır. Hastanelerin, sürekli iklimlendirme, havalandırma, ısıtma ve soğutmaya ihtiyaç duyması sebebiyle elektrik ve ısıl gücü eş zamanlı üretme kabiliyetine sahip kojenerasyon sistemlerinin bu binalarda konumlandırılması idealdir. Toplam sistem verimi son teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte %90 seviyelerine çıkan kojenerasyon tesislerinin sayısının artırılması enerjide dışa bağımlı olan Türkiye'nin kaynaklarını etkin kullanması açısından elzemdir. Çalışmada, Serik Devlet Hastanesi binaları için tesis edilebilecek kojenerasyon tesisinin optimum işletme şartlarına göre kapasitesinin belirlenmesi ve ekonomik fizibilitesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak yıllık bina enerji tüketimleri incelenmiştir. Isıtma derece gün ve soğutma derece gün sayılarına göre ısıtma ve soğutma yükleri, havalandırma, pompa, fan, tıbbi cihazlar, soğutma ekipmanları tüketimlerine göre de elektrik yükleri belirlenmiştir. Detaylı enerji etüdü sonrası yerleşkede uygulanabilecek enerji verimliliği tedbirleri belirlenerek, belirlenen tedbirlerin uygulanması sonrası azalan enerji talebine göre tesis edilecek optimum tesis kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Enerji verimliliği tedbirleri uygulanmadan ve tedbirlerin uygulanması sonrasında yapılan sistem seçimleri aynı kriterlere göre belirlenmiş, akabinde her iki tasarımın kıyaslamasına yer verilmiştir. Sistemin ekonomik fizibilitesi, senelik enerji kazanımları, enerji maliyetlerinin senelik azalımı ve emisyon azaltımları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde özellikle yılın tüm dönemlerinde aktif olarak çalışan hastane binalarının kojenerasyon yatırımı için ideal bina tipolojilerinden biri olduğu ve enerji verimliliği tedbirlerinin ekonomik fizibiliteye olumlu etkisi gösterilmiştir.. BilimHospital buildings are the most concentrated in energy consumption compared to other building typologies. Increasing energy costs, climate change and energy efficiency legislation have accelerated the efforts to reduce energy consumption in hospitals. It is ideal to locate cogeneration systems with the ability to produce electricity and thermal power simultaneously because the hospitals need continuous air conditioning, ventilation, heating and cooling. Total system efficiency is dependent on foreign latest technological developments along with increasing the number of the cogeneration facility level of 90% of energy is essential for the effective use of resources in Turkey. In this study, the determination of capacity and economic feasibility of the cogeneration plant, which can be established for the buildings of Serik State Hospital, according to the optimum operating conditions, were investigated. Firstly, the annual building energy consumption is examined. Heating and cooling loads according to the number of days and cooling degrees, heating, cooling, pump, fan, medical devices, cooling equipment according to consumption of electrical loads were determined. The energy efficiency measures that can be applied in the campus after detailed energy study are determined and the optimum plant capacity to be established according to the decreasing energy demand has been determined after the implementation of the determined measures. While the first design was determined according to the current energy needs, the second one energy efficiency criteria. Then the comparison of both designs is given. Economic feasibility of the system, annual energy gains, annual energy savings and emission reductions were calculated. As a result of study, hospital buildings, which are active in all periods of the year, are one of the ideal building typologies for cogeneration investment, and the energy efficiency measures have a positive effect on economic feasibilit

Replacement of an Upper Central Incisor with an Implant Supported Crown: A Case Report to Achieve Acceptable Esthetics For a Malpositioned Implant

Scopu

İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Fen-Teknoloji-Toplum-Çevre (FTTÇ) İlişkisini Algılama Düzeylerinin Tespiti (Kırşehir İli Örneği)

Bu araştırma, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin fen okuryazarlığının bir alt boyutu olan Fen-Teknoloji-Toplum-Çevre (FTTÇ) ilişkisini algılama düzeylerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılama düzeyindeki değişimleri sınıf seviyeleri ve öğrenim gördükleri okulların sosyoekonomik çevresine bağlı olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırma bir durum tespit çalışması olup nitel çalışma durum desenlerinden çoklu durum deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2006-2007 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Kırşehir ilinde bulunan, üst sosyoekonomik çevrenin okulunu temsil eden bir ilköğretim okulunda ve alt sosyoekonomik çevrenin okulunu temsil eden bir ilköğretim okulunda olmak üzere iki okulda yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin temelini bu okullara devam eden 40 öğrenci ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada mülakatlara ek olarak “fen-teknoloji-toplum- çevre ile ilişkili hikâyeler”, “Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri (BSB) testleri” ve “fotoğraflar” veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde, kodlamaya dayalı içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılama düzeylerinin sınıf seviyesi yükseldikçe düzenli olmayan bir şekilde değiştiği ve alt ve üst sosyoekonomik çevre okullarındaki öğrencilerin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılayabildikleri görülmüştür

Determination of Elementary School Students' Perceptions on Science-Technology-SocietyEnvironment (STSE) Relations (Sample Of Kirsehir City).

Özet: Bu araştırma, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin fen okuryazarlığının bir alt boyutu olan Fen-TeknolojiToplum-Çevre (FTTÇ) ilişkisini algılama düzeylerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılama düzeyindeki değişimleri sınıf seviyeleri ve öğrenim gördükleri okulların sosyoekonomik çevresine bağlı olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırma bir durum tespit çalışması olup nitel çalışma durum desenlerinden çoklu durum deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2006-2007 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Kırşehir ilinde bulunan, üst sosyoekonomik çevrenin okulunu temsil eden bir ilköğretim okulunda ve alt sosyoekonomik çevrenin okulunu temsil eden bir ilköğretim okulunda olmak üzere iki okulda yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin temelini bu okullara devam eden 40 öğrenci ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada mülakatlara ek olarak "fen-teknoloji-toplum- çevre ile ilişkili hikâyeler", "Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri (BSB) testleri" ve "fotoğraflar" veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde, kodlamaya dayalı içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılama düzeylerinin sınıf seviyesi yükseldikçe düzenli olmayan bir şekilde değiştiği ve alt ve üst sosyoekonomik çevre okullarındaki öğrencilerin FTTÇ ilişkisini algılayabildikleri görülmüştür.The purpose of this research is to identify elementary school students' perceptions on STSE relations, which is a subscale of scientific literacy. In this research, how elementary school students' perceptions on STSE have changed due to grade level and socioeconomic environment of the schools have been discussed. This research was designed as a qualitative study which includes multiple cases. Research has been done in two elementary schools, one representing high socioeconomic environments and the other representing low socioeconomic environments. The schools were both situated in Kirsehir in 2006-2007 school year. Data mainly determined with semi-structured interviews with 40 students attending to the schools mentioned above. Additionally, short stories related to science-technology-society-environment relations, science process skills test, and pictures prepared by the researcher were used to collect data. Data were qualitatively analyzed with content analysis by coding. At the end of the research, it has been observed that elementary school students' perceptions on STSE relations have been changed disorderly with the changing grade level