Turkish Straits in the Lights of Regulations Which Aims to Provide Safety For Passage and Sailing

DergiPark: 326574trakyasobedAs famous Russian jurist Frederich de Martens said that “Turkish Straits”, has even more importance in the context of jeo-strategic and jeo-economic features than other water ways that has been used in the world such as Gibraltar, Denmark Straits, Kerc Straits, Korea Straits, Hurmus Straits and Otranto Straits. Turkish Straits because of the intensive geographical and jeo-morphological conditions presents a great importance and also some disadvantages for national and international transport strategies. Both national and international some regulations are valid for the Turkish Straits. Lausanne Treaty as one of the international law conventions that has reached from the past to the present will be mentioned and likely we will mention about the passage regimes of Montreux Convention in details which is still in use. Beside of this, we will mention about the defined methods related with the safety of passage and cruising in the Straits Regulations dated 1994 and 1998, 1982 and 1996 Istanbul and Dardanelles Port Regulations. In the construction period of 1994 and 1998 regulations, Turkey preferred the way to get rules and suggestions even, the approval of the International Maritime Organizations. Turkey had both adjusted to the new global jeostrategic conjuncture and gone towards to provide security for passage with these new regulations but all these regulations can not provide a hundred percent security. Parallel with this, in this paper except the strengthen the precautions we also emphasize the importance to take maritime pilot.İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazları ünlü Rus hukukçu Frederich de Martens’in öncü deyişiyle “Türk Boğazları”, dünyada kullanılan ünlü su yollarının Cebelitarık Boğazı, Danimarka Boğazı, Kerç Boğazı, Kore Boğazı, Hürmüz Boğazı ve Otranto Boğazı arasında bile en fazla öne çıkan jeostratejik ve jeo-ekonomik özelliklere sahiptir. Türk Boğazları hassas coğrafi konumu ve jeomorfolojik yapısı dolayısıyla özellikle ulusal ve uluslararası ulaşım stratejileri açısından öncelikler (kazanç) ve kayıplar bağlamında büyük önem arz etmektedir. Türk boğazlarında hem ulusal hem uluslararası bir takım hukuksal düzenlemeler geçerlidir. Geçmişten günümüze ulaşan uluslararası hukuk düzenlemelerinden Lozan Boğazlar Sözleşmesi ve halen yürürlükte olan Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin geçiş rejimlerine yazımızda ayrıntısıyla değinilecektir. Bunun yanı sıra 1994 ve 1998 tarihli Boğazlar Tüzükleri, 1982 ve 1996 tarihli İstanbul ve Çanakkale Liman Tüzüklerinde geçiş ve seyir güvenliğine ilişkin belirlenen usul ve yöntemler anlatılacaktır. 1994 ve 1998 tarihli Tüzüklerin yapım aşamasında Türkiye, IMO’dan (International Maritime Organization) kural ve önerilerini hatta onayını alma yoluna gitmiştir. Türkiye bu tüzüklerle hem yeni küresel jeostratejik konjonktüre uyum göstermiş, hem de seyir güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelmiştir, ancak tüm düzenlemeler yüzde yüz güvenlik sağlamamaktadır.Bunun koşutunda bildiride alınan önlemlerin pekiştirilmesi ve kılavuz kaptan almanın gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır

THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PHOBIA ON ABUSE OF CHILDREN BY PARENTS

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of parents\u27 levels of COVID-19 phobia on the risk of abuse and neglect towards their children. Subjects and methods: A total of 472 parents, who have children between the ages of 0-18, who use social media and volunteer to participate in the research, were included in the study. The sociodemographic information form, Corona Virus 19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form were used to collect the study\u27s data. Results: 57.9% of the parents participating in the study were female, and the mean age was 42.08±10.33. It was found that 55.9% of the participants continued to go to the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. While 12% of the parents were treated for COVID-19, 21.4% were quarantined. The average C19P-S score of the parents was found to be 50.2. The mean score of the subdimensions of the scale varies between 8.4 and 18.5. The average score of the parents from the Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form was 55.4. A positive correlation was found between the Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form and the C19P-S score averages. Conclusion: The findings have shown that the family\u27s risk of children being exposed to abuse and neglect increases due to the negativities experienced during the pandemic period

Effects of Adding Ethanol Extract of Propolis on the Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, Fatty Acid Profile, and In Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa Silages

This study was planned to determine the effects of ethanol extract of propolis on the fermentation quality, fatty acid profile, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. The ethanol extract of propolis was added to alfalfa at levels of 1000 mg/kg (PROP1), 2000 mg/kg (PROP2), and 3000 mg/kg (PROP3); propolis was not added to the control (CON) group. After the propolis was added, the pH value of the alfalfa silage declined, and the crude protein content was effectively preserved (p < 0.05). Adding propolis to alfalfa silages caused crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber (p < 0.05) to decrease. The ethanol extract of propolis significantly improved the lactic acid content and reduced the NH3-N content (p < 0.05). Propolis significantly improved the unsaturated fatty acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the saturated fatty acid content (p < 0.05). In addition, propolis significantly improved the relative feed value, the digestibility of the organic matter, and the in vitro metabolic energy content (p < 0.05). These results show that the ethanol extract of propolis improves the silage quality of last cutting alfalfa silages, and has potential as an antimicrobial silage additive

Ölçme değerlendirme amaçlı geliştirilecek bir web 2.0 aracına yönelik ihtiyaç tespiti

The aim of this research is to reveal the features of a Web 2.0 tool for measurement and evaluation that will be developed for primary education teachers, in line with the opinions of experts from the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT) and Primary Education (PE). Case study is one of the qualitative research methods used in this research. Participants consisted of 20 (CEIT: 10, PE: 10) field experts, with professional experiences ranging from 1 to 27 years. The opinions of the field experts were received through semistructured interviews. The findings obtained in the research were evaluated in general. It has been determined that the measurement and evaluation Web 2.0 tool to be developed for the use of primary education teachers, should not only have a question/answer design with multimedia support, but also include awards/competition and teamwork’ interaction in order to be preferred by students. Additionally, it should provide ease of use and be supported by stakeholders in order to be preferred by teachers. It is recommended that the specified Web 2.0 tool should include outcome-based and graphical-based reporting features. Especially in the Covid-19 pandemic, in order for parents to support their child and follow the student’s progress, it is recommended that a detailed statistical development report be included in the parent interface limited to their children only.Araştırmanın amacı, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Bölümü (BÖTE) ve Temel Eğitim alan uzmanlarının görüşleri doğrultusunda sınıf öğretmenleri için geliştirilecek bir Web 2.0 ölçme ve değerlendirme aracının özelliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar, mesleki deneyimleri 1 ile 27 yıl arasında değişen 10 BÖTE ve 10 Temel Eğitim Bölümü olmak üzere 20 alan uzmanından oluşmaktadır. Alan uzmanlarının görüşleri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla alınmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin kullanımına yönelik geliştirilecek olan ölçme ve değerlendirme Web 2.0 aracının öğrenciler tarafından tercih edilmesi için kullanımı kolay bir arayüze ve multimedya destekli soru/cevap tasarımına sahip olması, ödül/yarışma ve takım çalışması etkileşimini içermesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenler tarafından tercih edilmesi için ise kullanım kolaylığı sağlanmalı, MEB ve paydaşlar tarafından desteklenmesi belirtilmiştir. Geliştirilecek olan ölçme ve değerlendirme Web 2.0 aracının sonuca dayalı ve grafik tabanlı raporlama özelliklerini içermesi önerilmiştir. Özellikle Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde velilerin öğrencilere destek olabilmeleri ve öğrencinin gelişimini takip edebilmeleri için veli arayüzüne yer verilmesi ve bu arayüzde sadece kendi çocukları ile sınırlı olarak detaylı istatistiksel gelişim raporunun yer alması önerilmektedir

Effects of Hybrid Drying on Kinetics, Energy Analysis and Bioactive Properties of Sour Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.)

Abstract Due to the short harvest season and their sensitivity to storage, the preservation of fresh mulberry fruits is a very important process. Drying is a method used to preserve mulberry fruits in the long term. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the optimization of hybrid drying conditions of two different sour black mulberries. The linear and interaction effects of independent parameters such as temperature (50, 60 and 70°C) and microwave power (100, 200 and 300 W) variables were determined on mulberries. Bioactive properties and energy aspects were monitored as influenced by drying conditions. According to the results increase in microwave power provided a significant decrement in the specific energy consumption (SEC) and the total anthocyanin content (TAC), while increase in the energy efficiency (ηen) and total phenolic content (TPC) for both genotypes. In all cases, statistical values showed that all drying curves of black mulberry were best described by the Logistic model. Multiple response optimization was carried out for studied parameters and it was concluded that maximum antiradical activity (ARA), TPC, TAC, ηen and minimum drying time (DT) and SEC values would be at 300 W-50 ºC (desirability=0.842) and 300 W-66.5 ºC (desirability=0.744), for Morus nigra 1 (MN1) and Morus nigra 2 (MN2), respectively. According to the finding, the greatest TPC, ARA, TAC, DT, SEC and ηen were determined as 20.10 mg GAE/g, 86.00%, 456 mg/kg, 330 min, 18.59 kWh/kg and 9.04% for MN1, and 18.08 mg GAE/g, 83.92%, 835.81 mg/kg, 330 min, 16.16 kWh/kg and 10.40 % for MN2, respectively

Evaluation of Incidence and Clinical Features of Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Mimicking Dementia

Background. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may cause cognitive impairment that meets the criteria for dementia. Objective. Our aim was to detect the incidence and clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis imitating clinical findings of primary dementia disorders and to delineate the validity of anti-neuronal antibody screening in dementia patients. Methods. Fifty consecutive patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for primary dementia, 130 control patients, and 50 healthy controls were included. Their sera were investigated for several ion channel and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies by a cell-based assay, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA, as required. Results. Sixteen patients satisfying dementia criteria had atypical findings or findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was detected in a patient with dementia, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) fulfilling the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). One control patient with bipolar disease displayed low anti-GAD antibody levels. Conclusions. Our study showed for the first time the presence of parkinsonism and RBD in an anti-NMDAR encephalitis patient mimicking DLB. Although autoimmune encephalitis patients may occasionally present with cognitive decline, most dementia patients do not exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies, suggesting that routine analysis of these antibodies in dementia is not mandatory, even though they display atypical features

The efficacy of cinacalcet in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

WOS: 000393291900012OBJECTIVE: Cinacalcet reduces parathyroid hormone levels by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium. in this study, we firstly aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cinacalcet in Turkish hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 4483 hemodialysis patients were screened and 469 patients who had used cinacalcet were included in the study. the patients were divided into 4 groups according to drug usage durations (Group 1: 3 months, Group 2: 6 months, Group 3: 9 months and Group 4: 12 months). the patients' Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP levels at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were compared to the start of treatment and previous months. RESULTS: the levels of Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP significantly decreased compared to their initial levels in all groups (from 1412 pg/ml to 1222 pg/mL for Parathormone, p< 0,001) in the 3rd month. However, this reduction was not continued in the subsequent months (Parathormone: 1381 pg/ml for the 12th month). CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet may not provide adequate benefit in control of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake