SPONTANICZNOŚĆ CZY ODGÓRNE STEROWANIE? FUNKCJONOWANIE ZJAWISK SPOŁECZNYCH POWIĄZANYCH Z KULTURĄ MASOWĄ NA PRZYKŁADZIE FANDOMU GWIEZDNYCH WOJEN

The article is devoted to the issue of the impact of the new media on the mass culture. Authors have explored community portals using modern methods of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results show that belief in the more democratic, egalitarian character of the new media compared to the traditional corporate model of the mass-media industry may be a delusion as large mass media corporations have also had a great impact on the functioning of social networking sites.The article is devoted to the issue of the impact of the new media on the mass culture. Authors have explored community portals using modern methods of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results show that belief in the more democratic, egalitarian character of the new media compared to the traditional corporate model of the mass-media industry may be a delusion as large mass media corporations have also had a great impact on the functioning of social networking sites

Krytyka i nawiązanie. Sienkiewicz i współczesna polska literatura fantastyczna z perspektywy internetowych mediów społecznościowych.

Criticism and reference. Sienkiewicz and contemporary Polish fantasy literature from the perspective of web social media Summary The following paper presents the results of the analysis of the reception of Henryk Sienkiewicz works and authors of Polish contemporary fantasy from the perspective of social media. The authors of this article develop three hypothesis which are the results of their personal impressions regarding the reception of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s works. In the first hypothesis the authors assume that the writer functions in Polish culture as a sort of a classic figure and his popularity is connected with school reading list and official commemoration events. The next aspect of this paper is a consideration about knowing Sienkiewicz in indirect manner, such as from movies or video games. At last the authors bring up the issue how Henryk Sienkiewicz inspired modern authors of Polish fantasy literature, with Andrzej Sapkowski amongst them as the most popular writer. Wiktor Werner and Adrian Trzoss use statistical data from Google search engine as well as its Google trends mechanism, which shows relative interest in certain subjects in time. During their research, the authors use a dedicated computer program to scrape data from social media, such as Facebook and Youtube, and to analyse their results (correlation, trends)

Media społecznościowe a funkcjonowanie wiedzy historycznej w Polsce. Raport z badań

The article discusses the condition of historical knowledge in Poland in social media. The study is based on a quantitative survey performed online in March 2019. The survey, filled out by 2200 respondents, was designed following the contemporary discourse on historical awareness. Quoting the works of Jan Pomorski, Barbara Szacka, and Nina Assorodobraj, the authors compared self-assessed historical knowledge of social media users with their interests, media popu-larity trends, and the impact of media of the pre-Web 2.0 era (film, television, computer games). Based on this analysis, the authors created a description of social need for historical narratives (public history), and presented the contemporary condition of the social role of history in entertainment (digital homo ludens). This work is a part of a broader original research project on his-torical awareness and the condition of historical knowledge in Poland with detailed analyses included in other texts

The Politicisation of historical memory on Twitter. “Positive antisemitism” in the Holocaust debate in Poland, Rethinking History

Analiza dyskursu na temat Holocaustu generowanego przez główne siły polityczne w Polsce (Platforma Obywatelska i PiS) w procesie komunikacji z wyborcami/społęczeństwem za pomocą portalu Twitter/X. Analiza wykonana z pomocą metod NLP (Natural Language Processing). For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission.Political struggles on historical memory have adapted to the digital specificity of Twitter and are currently growing in significance. This study investigates the sentiment bias of a memory war between two major Polish political parties, the currently ruling conservative Law and Justice (PiS) and Civic Platform (PO), themain opposition party, concerning Polish-Jewish relations, and especially the Holocaust. 23699 PO tweets and 29441 PiS tweets from 2015-2019 were collected, out of which 241 concerning memory war were sampled with Lexicon-Based Approach. Sentiment was analyzed using tweet-wise consensual coding in ordinal 5-points scale and automated word-wise coding in 3-points scale. PiS tweets had more positive sentiment regarding the memory of the Holocaust and Jewish legacy in Poland. The final hermeneutical analysis showed that the rulling party narratives were aimed appropriation of collective memory and “Polonizing” the Holocaust, and that the positive sentiment was a function of ‘positive anti-Semitism’.The research was funded by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) under grant title “Historical narratives in Web 2.0 as a functional element of national identities in Central and Eastern Europe” (2020/39/B/HS3/01237). The computational component was performed with the cooperation of the Centre of Informatics Tricity Academic Supercomputer and Network (TASK) in Gdańsk using the computing cloud TASKcloud. Katarzyna Kwiatkowska- Moskalewicz was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA). Marcin Moskalewicz was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

Historical narratives in Web 2.0 - research problems, digital history methods and specificity of born digital sources

Wydział HistoriiNiniejsza dysertacja poświęcona jest powstawaniu, funkcjonowaniu i recepcji narracji historycznych w Web 2.0. Praca składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza, zasadnicza, to synteza oraz krytyczna refleksja nad przeprowadzonymi do tej pory badaniami. Na drugą część, przygotowaną w formie aneksu, składa się siedemnaście artykułów i rozdziałów w monografiach autorskich oraz współautorskich, które omawiane i analizowane są w części zasadniczej pracy. Główny problem badawczy rozpatrywany był z trzech perspektyw: teorii i praktyki związanych z analizą narracji historycznych, przydatności metod historii cyfrowej, metodologicznej refleksji nad specyfiką źródeł born digital. Jako obszar empirii wybrane zostały następujące platformy Web 2.0: YouTube, Twitter oraz Facebook. Wynikiem pracy jest zaproponowanie nowej definicji narracji historycznej uwzględniającej treści powstałe oddolnie w oparciu o paradygmat Web 2.0. Definicja ta opiera się na rozumieniu narracji jako przejawu świadomości historycznej ufundowanej na elementach myślenia historycznego i ahistorycznego. W końcowej części pracy przedstawiono metodologiczny namysł nad źródłem cyfrowym. Może być ono traktowane jako efektywne źródło historyczne przy jednoczesnym zastrzeżeniu, iż w wielu aspektach wymyka się tradycyjnemu rozumieniu źródła i jego krytyce, przez co wymusza sięgnięcia po nowe metody badawcze związane z historią cyfrową. The following thesis is focused on creation, functioning and reception of historical narratives in Web 2.0. It is divided into two parts. The first, core one, is a synthesis and a critical reflection on the research conducted so far. The second part, in a form of an annex, contains seventeen articles and book chapters, written by myself and co-authored, which are discussed and analysed in the first part. The main research problem was investigated from three perspectives: theory and practise of the analysis of historical narratives, usefulness of digital history methods, and finally methodological reflection on the specificity of born digital sources. The empirical base of the research was gathered from the following social media platforms: YouTube, Twitter and Facebook. As a result I propose a new definition of the historical narrative, which takes under consideration grassroots narratives created on the basis of Web 2.0 paradigm. The definition perceives narrative as an expression of historical consciousness, founded on the elements of historical and ahistorical thinking. In the last part, methodological reflection on digital source is presented. It can be treated as an effective historical source with the reservation that in many aspects it eludes traditional understanding of the historical source and source criticism, thus it is necessary to implement new methods of digital history.Część badań zawartych w pracy została sfinansowana przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w ramach grantu OPUS-20 nr 2020/39/B/HS3/01237: ”Narracja historyczna w Web 2.0 jako element funkcjonowania tożsamości narodowych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej” pod kierownictwem dr hab. prof. UAM Wiktora Wernera

Computer aided methods of text research in the Polish perspective

W niniejszym artykule autor przedstawia stosowanie metod analizy przetwarzania języka naturalnego (NLP) w obszarze polskich badań. W analizie uwzględniono trzy pola badawcze: socjologiczne, politologiczne oraz literaturoznawcze. Omówione zostały prace takich badaczy, jak Marek Troszyński, Paweł Matuszewski oraz Maciej Eder. Efektem przeprowadzonej analizy było nakreślenie najważniejszych aspektów metodologicznych związanych z używaniem metody NLP: kontekstów, możliwości oraz zagrożeń. Finalnie wskazano dalsze perspektywy badawcze, w których stosowanie omawianych metod może przynieść potencjalnie pozytywne rezultaty.In the following paper author discuss the natural language processing method (NLP) usage in polish academic literature. In the analysis three fields were pointed out: sociology, political science and literature science. Three groups of texts were presented from Marek Troszyński, Paweł Matuszewski and Maciej Eder. As the result of the conducted analysis author emphasized the most important methodological aspects of NLP usage: contexts, opportunities and risks. Finally, author indicated areas for the further research where NLP would be beneficial method

Przyczynek do badań nad metodami historii cyfrowej w świetle debaty przed EU Referendum na profilach portalu Facebook Davida Camerona i Nigela Farage’a

ABSTRAKT W niniejszym tekście autor omawia wykorzystanie metody analizy języka naturalnego w ramach historii cyfrowej na przykładzie debaty przed EU Referendum na portalu Facebook. Korzystając ze źródeł cyfrowych born digital, autor dokonuje analizy statystyk słów, kolokacji oraz kontekstów. Dzięki komputerowym metodom autor wyznaczył dominujące tematy w debacie referendalnej, słownictwo jej towarzyszące, a następnie dokonał ewaluacji stosowanych przez siebie metod. Na koniec autor omawia potencjał stosowanych metod i ich dalszą możliwość wykorzystania w historii cyfrowej zwracając również uwagę na jej ostrożne stosowanie równocześnie objaśniając niuanse techniczne ich stosowania, które mają wpływ na późniejsza interpretację otrzymanych wyników. Introduction to research on the methods of digital history in the light of the pre-EU referendum debate on the Facebook profiles of David Cameron and Nigel Farage The present article discusses the use of the natural language processing method in digital history, as exemplified by the pre-EU referendum debate on the Facebook portal. Using born digi- tal sources, the author analyzed collocations, n-grams, and word frequency. Computer methods allowed the author to determine the dominant subjects in the referendum debate and the vocabulary used, and subsequently evaluate the methods used in the analysis. Finally, the author discusses the potential for further use of these methods in digital history, pointing out that they must be used cautiously, and also explaining the technical details of using them, which can affect subsequent interpretation of the obtained results.</jats:p

Towards the Digital Historiography

The main aim of the article was to present two emerging discourses of contemporary historiography in the field of digital media. In the first example, the authors present the thought of Niels Brügger, called the Web History and Web-minded historiography, which concentrates upon the digital source itself. The other school is marked by the works of Friedrich Kittler and Wolfgang Ernst, and called media archaeology. It underlines the concept of the medium itself as a primary object of research

SPONTANICZNOŚĆ CZY ODGÓRNE STEROWANIE? FUNKCJONOWANIE ZJAWISK SPOŁECZNYCH POWIĄZANYCH Z KULTURĄ MASOWĄ NA PRZYKŁADZIE FANDOMU GWIEZDNYCH WOJEN

The article is devoted to the issue of the impact of the new media on the mass culture. Authors have explored community portals using modern methods of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results show that belief in the more democratic, egalitarian character of the new media compared to the traditional corporate model of the mass-media industry may be a delusion as large mass media corporations have also had a great impact on the functioning of social networking sites.</jats:p

Does digital media develop social paranoia? Dialogue on the presence of conspiracy theory in social media and mass culture

This article is in a sense a dialogue devoted to the presence of conspiracy theories on social media and mass culture. The authors present the current state of research on the development of digital culture and its social consequences. Next, a case study of the existence of the conspiracy theory of so-called Wielka Lechia is presented. In the analysis the authors combine theoretical and technical considerations of Web 2.0 with research inquiry, which is the analysis of the structure of the Great Lechia theory in social media. The problem of the popularity of the concept of Paweł Szydłowski's and Janusz Bieszk's has been referred to a wider context related to the modern functioning of historical knowledge on the Web. The factual orientation of historical education and the influence of social media on the functioning of the social dimension of history and historians have been indicated as the reason for the current state of the problem. Finally, the authors refer to the digital version of pseudoscience to its earlier analog counterparts and make a structural comparison of both. The effect of this confrontation is to point the phenomenon of remediation of conspiracy theories and the growing de-professionalization of discourse, which ultimately leads to the end of the era of intellectual authorities