Integration of ground and on-board system for terminal count

The development of an integrated ground and onboard system for Space Shuttle terminal count management is discussed. The criteria considered in designing this system are outlined. Examples of problems encountered in the process of maturing the design are presented

Letter from C. H. Townsend to John Muir, 1893 Jan 13.

[letterhead]Washington, D.C., Jan. 13th, 1893.Mr. John Muir.Martinez. Cala.My dear Sir:In the course of a conversation I had with you last September, in the cars between Portland and San Francisco, you called my attention to the entire absence of fishes from many of the higher lakes and streams of the Sierras, particularly I believe, in the region between Kings River and Owens River. As the U.S. Fish Commission would give careful consideration to suggestions for stocking such waters, perhaps you would be sufficiently interested in the matter to give me a list of such lakes and streams as you know to be without fishes? It would not be an expensive matter to transfer live fish from streams of that region to lakes and higher streams that are barren on account of falls or other natural conditions. Any information you may feel inclined to write me respecting barren lakes and streams in California would be very welcome. I have noted of course, the brief account you give of the re-stocking of Owens River, in one of the Yosemite articles. With Kind regardsYours, very trulyC. H. Townsend(Asst U.S. Fish Com’m)0161

Letter from C. H. Townsend to John Muir, 1893 Jan 13.

[letterhead]Washington, D.C., Jan. 13th, 1893.Mr. John Muir.Martinez. Cala.My dear Sir:In the course of a conversation I had with you last September, in the cars between Portland and San Francisco, you called my attention to the entire absence of fishes from many of the higher lakes and streams of the Sierras, particularly I believe, in the region between Kings River and Owens River. As the U.S. Fish Commission would give careful consideration to suggestions for stocking such waters, perhaps you would be sufficiently interested in the matter to give me a list of such lakes and streams as you know to be without fishes? It would not be an expensive matter to transfer live fish from streams of that region to lakes and higher streams that are barren on account of falls or other natural conditions. Any information you may feel inclined to write me respecting barren lakes and streams in California would be very welcome. I have noted of course, the brief account you give of the re-stocking of Owens River, in one of the Yosemite articles. With Kind regardsYours, very trulyC. H. Townsend(Asst U.S. Fish Com’m)0161

Photochemical colour change for traditional watercolour pigments in low oxygen levels

An investigation for light exposure on pigments in low-oxygen environments (in the range 0–5% oxygen) was conducted using a purpose-built automated microfadometer for a large sample set including multiple samples of traditional watercolour pigments from nineteenth-century and twentieth-century sources, selected for concerns over their stability in anoxia. The pigments were prepared for usage in watercolour painting: ground and mixed in gum Arabic and applied to historically accurate gelatine glue-sized cotton and linen-based papers. Anoxia benefited many colorants and no colorant fared worse in anoxia than in air, with the exception of Prussian blue and Prussian green (which contains Prussian blue). A Prussian blue sampled from the studio materials of J.M.W. Turner (1775 − 1851) was microfaded in different environments (normal air (20.9% oxygen) 0, 1, 2, 3.5, or 5% oxygen in nitrogen) and the subsequent dark behaviour was measured. The behaviour of the sample (in normal air, anoxia, and 5% oxygen in nitrogen) proved to be consistent with the 55 separately sourced Prussian blue samples. When exposed to light in 5% oxygen in nitrogen, Prussian blue demonstrated the same light stability as in air (at approximately 21°C and 1 atmosphere). Storage in 5% oxygen is proposed for ‘anoxic’ display of paper-based artworks that might contain Prussian blue, to protect this material while reducing light-induced damage to other components of a watercolour, including organic colorants and the paper support

Spin period change and the magnetic fields of neutron stars in Be X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We report on the long-term average spin period, rate of change of spin period and X-ray luminosity during outbursts for 42 Be X-ray binary systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We also collect and calculate parameters of each system and use these data to determine that all systems contain a neutron star which is accreting via a disc, rather than a wind, and that if these neutron stars are near spin equilibrium, then over half of them, including all with spin periods over about 100 s, have magnetic fields over the quantum critical level of 4.4x10^13 G. If these neutron stars are not close to spin equilibrium, then their magnetic fields are inferred to be much lower, of the order of 10^6-10^10 G, comparable to the fields of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Both results are unexpected and have implications for the rate of magnetic field decay and the isolated neutron star population.Comment: 22 pages, 50 figures; to appear in MNRA

Insects in Popular Dread in New Mexico

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Universal dissipation scaling for non-equilibrium turbulence

It is experimentally shown that the non-classical high Reynolds number energy dissipation behaviour, $C_{\epsilon} \equiv \epsilon L/u^3 = f(Re_M)/Re_L$, observed during the decay of fractal square grid-generated turbulence is also manifested in decaying turbulence originating from various regular grids. For sufficiently high values of the global Reynolds numbers $Re_M$, $f(Re_M)\sim Re_M$.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Antarctica as a Former Land Connection Between the Southern Continents

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