Avaliação da amplitude articular do joelho: correlação entre as medidas realizadas com o goniômetro universal e no dinamômetro isocinético

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O instrumento mais utilizado pelos terapeutas para mensuração da amplitude de movimento (ADM) articular é o goniômetro universal. No entanto, há carência de estudos que analisem a confiabilidade das medidas da ADM do joelho realizadas no dinamômetro isocinético. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a correlação entre as medidas de ADM na articulação do joelho, realizadas com o goniômetro universal e no dinamômetro isocinético. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 38 voluntários saudáveis (27 mulheres, 11 homens), com idade de 36 ± 11 anos, com limitação mínima de 20° na ADM de extensão do joelho. No membro dominante de cada sujeito foram realizadas três mensurações da ADM do joelho com o goniômetro e três mensurações no dinamômetro. RESULTADOS: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que há alto grau de correlação entre as medidas da ADM do joelho obtidas com o goniômetro universal e no dinamômetro isocinético (Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson = 0,90). CONCLUSÃO: Com os procedimentos realizados, tanto o goniômetro universal como o dinamômetro isocinético podem ser utilizados para avaliação da ADM do joelho, pois ambos apresentam mensurações confiáveis.<br>BACKGROUND: The instrument most often used by therapists for measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is the universal goniometer. However, there is a lack of studies analyzing the reliability of knee joint ROM measured by the isokinetic dynamometer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the knee joint ROM measurements made using a universal goniometer and an isokinetic dynamometer. METHOD: 38 healthy volunteers (27 women, 11 men) aged 36 ± 11 years were evaluated. All of them had a minimum knee extension ROM limitation of 20°. Three knee ROM measurements were made using the universal goniometer and another three using the isokinetic dynamometer, on each subject's dominant limb. RESULTS: The results showed a high degree of correlation between the knee ROM measurements made using the two instruments (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.90). CONCLUSION: From the procedures performed, both the universal goniometer and the isokinetic dynamometer can be used to evaluate knee ROM, since they both present reliable measurements

Poor Regenerative Outcome after Skeletal Muscle Necrosis Induced by Bothrops asper Venom: Alterations in Microvasculature and Nerves

artículo (arbitrado) -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones Clodomiro Picado. 2011Background: Viperid snakebite envenoming is characterized by prominent local tissue damage, including muscle necrosis. A frequent outcome of such local pathology is deficient skeletal muscle regeneration, which causes muscle dysfunction, muscle loss and fibrosis, thus provoking permanent sequelae that greatly affect the quality of life of patients. The causes of such poor regenerative outcome of skeletal muscle after viperid snakebites are not fully understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: A murine model of muscle necrosis and regeneration was adapted to study the effects of the venom and isolated toxins of Bothrops asper, the medically most important snake in Central America. Gastrocnemius muscle was injected with either B. asper venom, a myotoxic phospholipase A2 (Mtx), a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase (SVMP), or saline solution. At various time intervals, during one month, tissue samples were collected and analyzed by histology, and by immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques aimed at detecting muscle fibers, collagen, endothelial cells, myoblasts, myotubes, macrophages, TUNEL-positive nuclei, and axons. A successful regenerative response was observed in muscle injected with Mtx, which induces myonecrosis but does not affect the microvasculature. In contrast, poor regeneration, with fibrosis and atrophic fibers, occurred when muscle was injected with venom or SVMP, both of which provoke necrosis, microvascular damage leading to hemorrhage, and poor axonal regeneration. Conclusions/Significance: The deficient skeletal muscle regeneration after injection of B. asper venom is likely to depend on the widespread damage to the microvasculature, which affects the removal of necrotic debris by phagocytes, and the provision of nutrients and oxygen required for regeneration. In addition, deficient axonal regeneration is likely to contribute to the poor regenerative outcome in this model.This study was supported by NeTropica (grant 2-N-2008), by Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica (project 741-A7-604). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Envenomations by Bothrops and Crotalus Snakes Induce the Release of Mitochondrial Alarmins

Skeletal muscle necrosis is a common manifestation of viperid snakebite envenomations. Venoms from snakes of the genus Bothrops, such as that of B. asper, induce muscle tissue damage at the site of venom injection, provoking severe local pathology which often results in permanent sequelae. In contrast, the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, induces a clinical picture of systemic myotoxicity, i.e., rhabdomyolysis, together with neurotoxicity. It is known that molecules released from damaged muscle might act as ‘danger’ signals. These are known as ‘alarmins’, and contribute to the inflammatory reaction by activating the innate immune system. Here we show that the venoms of B. asper and C. d. terrificus release the mitochondrial markers mtDNA (from the matrix) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) from the intermembrane space, from ex vivo mouse tibialis anterior muscles. Cyt c was released to a similar extent by the two venoms whereas B. asper venom induced the release of higher amounts of mtDNA, thus reflecting hitherto some differences in their pathological action on muscle mitochondria. At variance, injection of these venoms in mice resulted in a different time-course of mtDNA release, with B. asper venom inducing an early onset increment in plasma levels and C. d. terrificus venom provoking a delayed release. We suggest that the release of mitochondrial ‘alarmins’ might contribute to the local and systemic inflammatory events characteristic of snakebite envenomations

Combination of CMS searches for heavy resonances decaying to pairs of bosons or leptons

CMS Collaboration: et al.A statistical combination of searches for heavy resonances decaying to pairs of bosons or leptons is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb collected during 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with expectations from the standard model background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of models of spin-1 heavy vector triplets and of spin-2 bulk gravitons. For mass-degenerate W′ and Z′ resonances that predominantly couple to the standard model gauge bosons, the mass exclusion at 95% confidence level of heavy vector bosons is extended to 4.5 TeV as compared to 3.8 TeV determined from the best individual channel. This excluded mass increases to 5.0 TeV if the resonances couple predominantly to fermions.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias

A new calibration method for charm jet identification validated with proton-proton collision events at √s = 13 TeV

ArXiv ePrint: 2111.03027Copyright © 2022 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration. Many measurements at the LHC require efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom (b) or charm (c) quarks. An overview of the algorithms used to identify c jets is described and a novel method to calibrate them is presented. This new method adjusts the entire distributions of the outputs obtained when the algorithms are applied to jets of different flavours. It is based on an iterative approach exploiting three distinct control regions that are enriched with either b jets, c jets, or light-flavour and gluon jets. Results are presented in the form of correction factors evaluated using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb-1 at  √s = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2017. The closure of the method is tested by applying the measured correction factors on simulated data sets and checking the agreement between the adjusted simulation and collision data. Furthermore, a validation is performed by testing the method on pseudodata, which emulate various mismodelling conditions. The calibrated results enable the use of the full distributions of heavy-flavour identification algorithm outputs, e.g. as inputs to machine-learning models. Thus, they are expected to increase the sensitivity of future physics analyses.SCOAP