104 research outputs found
Exiting or Entering the Union: EU Consistency in Accession and Withdrawal Negotiations. College of Europe Policy Brief #14.17, December 2017
Executive Summary
The accession process and Brexit largely deal with
the same issues. A comparison allows for assessing
EU consistency across the two cases:
> First, the EU’s decision to act in unity for the
rights of EU residents in the UK is a display of
solidarity, and should be acknowledged as
such.
> Second, if the four freedoms of the single
market are seen as indivisible in Brexit
negotiations, this should also be the case in
accession talks.
> Third, a solution to the border regulation in
Northern Ireland may be inspired by the Annan
Plan for the reunification of Cyprus. This would
mean applying some parts of EU law to
Northern Ireland.
> Fourth, regarding the governance of the
withdrawal agreement, inspiration can be
taken from the association agreements. The
Court of Justice of the EU and the Commission
could have a stronger role for dispute
settlement in the fields of residents’ rights and
EU law. Conversely, a Joint Committee with the
right of deferral to arbitration or to another
dispute settlement mechanism could deal with
other issues in the withdrawal agreement.
> Finally, while the accession process can take as
long as needed for the candidate country to
adopt all EU rules, the exit process has a fixed
deadline. This should be handled responsibly
Why emotions are key to understanding EU foreign policy
EU foreign policy is often viewed as a rational and technocratic exercise, but do emotions also play a role in shaping foreign policy outcomes? Drawing on a new special issue, Seda Gürkan and Özlem Terzi explain why emotions should be a central focus in EU foreign policy research
NEAR or FEAR: The Security Aspects of EU Enlargement. College of Europe Policy Brief #5, 17 May 2017
Executive Summary. The EU’s enlargement towards the Western
Balkans and Turkey would represent an
enlargement towards a geographical zone
neighbouring instability and insecurity. At the
same time, the integration of these countries in
the EU would represent the main solution to the
security problems that emanate from this region.
> Yet, at present, a major obstacle for the EU’s
enlargement policy stems from within the Union.
> This obstacle can be overcome: ‘enlargement’
can once again bring dynamism into the
European integration process, if it is designed to
become a solution to the problem of security
through solidarity against terror and
coordination on migration management.
> To this effect, decision-makers in EU institutions
and member states need to face the fear that the
prospect of another enlargement often
represents. Debates about enlargement should
be upheld not only by EU policy-makers, but also
by academia and civil society organisations.
Enlargement concerns Europe’s common future,
which needs to be built together
Çukurova Havzası’nda Uyarlanabilir Ağ Tabanlı Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi Kullanılarak Kuraklığın Tahmini
Yağış miktarındaki azalmalar ve
sıcaklıktaki yükselmeler kuraklığın oluşumundaki önemli faktörlerdendir.
Kuraklık gerek insanlar için gerekse ekolojik denge için birçok olumsuz etkiyi
de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bitki örtüsünün azalması, tarım ürünlerinden elde
edilen verimin düşmesi ve temiz su kaynaklarının azalması kuraklığın olumsuz
etkilerindendir. Bu
çalışmada, kuraklığın hissedildiği bölgelerden biri olan Çukurova Havzası’nda
kuraklık tahmini yapılmıştır. Bunun için havzada bulunan farklı meteoroloji
istasyonlarına ait aylık ortalama yağış verileri kullanılarak Standart Yağış
İndisi (SYİ) yöntemiyle kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde
edilen SYİ değerleri kullanılarak Uyarlanabilir Ağ Tabanlı Bulanık Çıkarım
Sistemi (ANFIS) yöntemi ile modeller geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modeller
içerisinde en uygun sonuçlar 9- aylık SYİ değerleri kullanılarak geliştirilen ANFIS
modelinde elde edilmiştir ve bu modelin kullanılabilir olduğu görülmüştür
Monthly Rainfall Estimation Using Data-Mining Process
It is important to accurately estimate rainfall for effective use of water resources and optimal planning of water structures. For this purpose, the models were developed to estimate rainfall in Isparta using the data-mining process. The different input combinations having 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-input parameters were tried using the rainfall values of Senirkent, Uluborlu, Eğirdir, and Yalvaç stations in Isparta. The most appropriate algorithm was determined as multilinear regression among the models developed with various data-mining algorithms. The input parameters of Multilinear Regression model were the monthly rainfall values of Senirkent, Uluborlu and Eğirdir stations. The relative error of this model was calculated as 0.7%. It was shown that the data mining process can be used in estimation of missing rainfall values
Introduction: emotion(al) norms in EUropean foreign policy
This Special Issue examines the nexus between emotions and norms in EUropean foreign policy. Theoretically, building on the existing IR-literature on emotions, the Special Issue distinguishesbetween “emotion norms” (which refer to the appropriate emotional expressions) and “emotional norms” (which refer to the norms that trigger emotional responses). Empirically, the Issue illustrates the different ways in which emotion(al) norms are used at different levels of EUropean foreign policy, i.e. EU, state andsubnational levels. The collection of articles aspires to study the ways in which emotions shape the EU’s external relations focusing on the actors (who mobilize emotions, who are constrained or contested by emotion(al) norms), processes (through which various feelings are produced internally or transmitted externally) and the content of norms linked to emotions. Methodologically, this Special Issue illustrates howemotion(al) norms can be studied through the use of different discourse methods.Security and Global Affair
Dalgacık Dönüşüm Tekniği ve Uyarlamalı Ağ Tabanlı Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi ile Eğirdir Gölü Buharlaşma Tahmini
Buharlaşma, yeryüzünde bulunan suyun atmosfere transferi olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Buharlaşma miktarının doğru tahmini özellikle kurak dönemler ve kurak alanlarda büyük öneme sahiptir. Buharlaşma, karmaşık ve doğrusal olmayan bir hidrolojik süreç olduğundan tahmininde tüm veri gruplarını temsil edebilecek güvenilir bir formül elde etmek zordur. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada Eğirdir Gölü’ndeki buharlaşma miktarının tahmininde dalgacık dönüşümü (D), uyarlamalı ağ tabanlı bulanık çıkarım sistemi (ANFIS) ve çoklu lineer regresyon (ÇLR) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak buharlaşma olayında etkili olan parametreler ile çeşitli ANFIS ve ÇLR modelleri geliştirilmiştir. En uygun ANFIS ve ÇLR modellerinin test kümelerinde R2 değerleri sırasıyla 0,738 ve 0,666 elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra aynı girdi parametreleri dalgacık dönüşümü tekniği ile alt bileşenlere ayrılmıştır ve bu alt bileşenler D-ANFIS ve D-ÇLR modellerinde girdi. olarak kullanılmıştır. D-ANFIS modelinin test kümesine ait R2 değeri 0,777 ve D-ÇLR modelinin test kümesine ait R2 değeri 0,749’dur. Geliştirilen tüm modeller sonucunda, dalgacık dönüşümü tekniğinin ANFIS ve ÇLR model sonuçlarını yükselttiği ve en uygun sonucu D-ANFIS modelinin verdiği görülmüştür
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