Effects of Green Light Supplementation with Red and Blue Combinations of LED Light Spectrums On The Growth of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (Chlorophyta)

Light management strategy regarding optimum spectral composition is a critical factor in microalgae cultivation to improve biomass and biosynthesis of valuable bioactive compounds. Recent advance in LED light technology provides unparallel opportunity to test effects of specific wavelength on physiological response of algae. In this study, we investigated effects of white, monochromatic and combination of red (628 nm) and blue (462 nm) light in the ratio of 1: 1; 2: 1 and 1: 2 at the total light intensity of 40 μmol photons m-2 s-1 on the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Moreover, effects of green light (518 nm) supplementation on growth of algae, green light (518 nm) was added gradually into the combination of red:blue (1:2) at the light intensity of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 μmol photons m-2 s-1 as an expense of red and blue light intensity at the ratio of 1:2. Results reveal that growth rate of C. reinhadhtii was found in the order of red:blue (1: 2) gt; red:blue (2: 1) gt; red:blue (1: 1) gt; red gt; white gt; blue. Green light supplementation applied as 3 μmol photons m-2 s-1 resulted in statistically significant higher optical density and dry weight than R:B (1: 2) used as control group in the experiment. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were found significantly higher in all green light supplementation than control group. Seems that 3 μmol photons m-2 s-1 supplementation of green light together with red:blue combination results in a significant promotion on growth rate, chlorophyll-a and dry weight of C. reinhardtii

Draft Genome Sequence of JVAP01T, the Type Strain of the Novel Species Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain of Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae, a novel human pathogen within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) complex. Strain JVAP01T has an estimated genome size of 3.9 Mb, exhibits a 38.8% G+C content, and carries a plasmid with the blaNDM-1 carbapenemase gene

Evaluation the cases of neonatal sepsis and of antibiotic sensitivities in a neonatal intensive care unit

AMAÇ: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde (YYBÜ) sepsis etkenleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları zaman içinde ve kullanılan antibiyotiklere bağlı olarak değişir. Neonatal sepsise neden olan bakteriyel mikroorganizmaların ve antibiyotik duyarlılığının saptanması, ampirik antibiyotik tedavi rejimlerinin belirlenmesi ve uygun antibiyotik seçimi açısından önemlidir. GEREÇ veYÖNTEM: Ocak 2004-Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi YYBÜ'de izlenen 900 yenidoğan içerisinde sepsis tanısı alan 87 olgunun dosyaları incelendi. Kültür pozitif olan 45 olgunun klinik belirti ve bulguları, risk faktörleri, laboratuvar sonuçları, kültürde üreyen etkenler ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Sepsis sıklıgı %9.6 bulundu. Kesin sepsis tanısı alan 45 olguda (%5), 49 kan kültürü üremesi oldu. Bunların %82'si prematüre ve%53'ü erkekti. Erken neonatal sepsiste Koagülaz Negatif Stafilokok (KNS) ve Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), geç neonatal sepsiste ise KNS'den sonra Candida spp. en sık üreyen mikroorganizmalardı. Mortalite oranı %13.3'tü. KNS'ler glikopeptidlere %100 duyarlı bulunurken, penisiline %96, metisiline %90 dirençliydi. S. aureus suslarının tamamı glikopeptidlere, metisiline, eritromisine ve klindamisine duyarlı bulunurken, penisiline direnç oranı %71.4 idi. Enterococcus spp. suslarında test edilen antibiyotiklere direnç saptanmadı. Enterobacter spp. susları 3. kusak sefalosporinlere ve karbapenemlere %100 duyarlı iken ampisilin-sulbaktama %100 dirençliydi. Acinetobacter spp. ve Pseudomonas spp. suslarının tamamı piperasiline dirençliydi. Klebsiella spp suslarının tamamı karbapenemlere, kinolonlara ve aminoglikozidlere duyarlı idi. Serratia spp., Escherichia coli ve Enterococcus spp. suslarında test edilen antibiyotiklere direnç saptanmadı. SONUÇ: Erken neonatal sepsiste Gram pozitif mikroorganizmaların ön plana geçmesi ve bu mikroorganizmalarda yüksek penisilin direnci görülmesi, ampirik antibiyotik uygulamalarının gözden geçirilmesi gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte S. aureus suslarında metisilin direncine rastlanmamıştır. Acinetobacter spp. ve Pseudomonas spp. suslarındaki yüksek piperasilin direnci önceki yıllarda bu antibiyotiğin sık kullanımına bağlandı.PURPOSE: Type and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens leading sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) change over years. It is important to identify type and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens leading sepsis for establishment of the local antibiotic policy. MATERIALS and METHODS: 87 cases with sepsis were investigated among 900 newborns followed in “Adnan Menderes University” NICU between January 2004-June 2008. Clinical symptoms and signs, risk factors, laboratory results, positive cultures and antibiotic sensitivity factors were evaluated in 45 cases with positive culture. RESULTS: Sepsis was found to have a 9.6% rate. 45 cases were diagnosed as definite sepsis with 49 positive blood cultures. 53% were males and 82% were premature. Most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in early neonatal sepsis, whereas CNS and the Candida in late neonatal sepsis. Mortality rate was 13.3%. Glycopeptide sensitivity of CNS was 100% , penicilline and meticilline resistance were 96% and 90% respectively. All S. aureus strains were sensitive to methicillin, clindamycine and eritromycine while penicillin resistance rate was 71.4%. No resistance was detected in Enterococcus spp. strains. Enterobacter spp. were 100% sensitive to 3. generation cephalosporins and carbapenems but resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam. Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp were resistant to piperaciline. All Klebsiella spp were sensitive to carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. No resistance was detected for the Serratia spp, Escherichia coli ve Enterococcus spp strains. CONCLUSION: Gram positive microorganisms as the leading etiologic agent in early neonatal sepsis, and their high penicillin resistance necessitated a revision in our ampiric antibiotic practices. However, no meticilline resistance was found in S. aureus species. High piperacilline resistance of Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp was associated with the recent frequent utilization of this agent

MALDI-TOF/MS identification of species from the Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) group revisited: inclusion of the novel A. seifertii and A. dijkshoorniae species

OBJECTIVES: Rapid identification of Acinetobacter species is critical since members of the A. baumannii (Ab) group differ in antibiotic susceptibility and clinical outcomes. A. baumannii, A. pittii and A. nosocomialis can be identified by MALDI-TOF/MS, while the novel species A. seifertii and A. dijkshoorniae cannot. Low identification rates for A. nosocomialis have also been reported. We evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF/MS to identify isolates of A. seifertii and A. dijkshoorniae and revisited the identification of A. nosocomialis to update the Bruker taxonomy database. METHODS: Species characterisation was performed by rpoB-clustering and MLSA. MALDI-TOF/MS spectra were recovered from formic acid/acetonitrile bacterial extracts overlaid with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid matrix on a MicroflexLT in linear positive mode and 2,000-20,000 m/z range mass. Spectra were examined with the ClinProTools v2.2 software. Mean spectra (MSP) were created with the BioTyper software. RESULTS: Seventy-eight Acinetobacter isolates representative of the Ab group were used to calculate the average spectra/species and generate pattern recognition models. Species-specific peaks were identified for all species, and MSPs derived from 3 A. seifertii, 2 A. dijkshoorniae and 2 A. nosocomialis strains were added to the Bruker taxonomy database, allowing successful identification of all isolates using spectra from either bacterial extracts or direct colonies, resulting in a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.6% (777/780) and 96.8% (302/312), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of post-processing data software identified statistically significant species-specific peaks to generate reference signatures for rapid accurate identification of species within the Ab group, providing relevant information for the clinical management of Acinetobacter infections

Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae sp. nov., a new member of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex mainly recovered from clinical samples in different countries

The recent advances in bacterial species identification methods have led to the rapid taxonomic diversification of the genus Acinetobacter. In the present study, phenotypic and molecular methods have been used to determine the taxonomic position of a group of 12 genotypically distinct strains belonging to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) complex, initially described by Gerner-Smidt and Tjernberg in 1993, that are closely related to A. pittii. Strains characterized in this study originated mostly from human samples obtained in different countries over a period of 15 years. rpoB and MLST sequences were compared against those of 94 strains representing all species included in the ACB complex. Cluster analysis based on such sequences showed that all 12 strains grouped together in a distinct clade closest to A. pittii that was supported by bootstrap values of 99%. Values of average nucleotide identity based on BLAST between the genome sequence of strain JVAP01 (NCBI accession n masculine. LJPG00000000) and those of other species from the ACB were always < 91.2%, supporting the species status of the group. In addition, the metabolic characteristics of the group matched those of the ACB complex and the analysis of their protein signatures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified some specific peaks. Our results support the designation of these strains as a novel species and we propose the name A. dijkshoorniae sp. nov. The type strain is JVAP01T (CECT 9134T, LMG 29605T)

Karadeniz'de calanus euxinus (copepoda) yumurta üretim oranı , beslenme oranı, gonad gelişimi ve büyüme oranı

he effects of gonad maturity and chlorophyll-a concentration on egg production rates of Calamus euxinus were examined in the Black Sea during October, 2000 and May, 2001. Egg production rates varied between 0 and 7.34 eggs female"1 d'1 in October, and between 1.82 and 7.02 eggs female"1 day"1 in May. Egg production rate of C. ewcinus was found to be closely related to the proportion of mature females. However, egg production rate appears to be independent of the chl-a concentration in both cruises. Ingestion rates of female C. euxinus ranged in between 2.08 - 40.54 ng chl-a female" day" in October and in between 6.68 - 64.93 ng chl-a female" day" in May. There was a positive correlation observed between ingestion rate and inchl-a concentration. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between egg production rate and ingestion rates. Reproductive growth rates of female C. euxinus were found to be negatively correlated to its dry weight. The mean growth rate was 0.01 d"1 in October and 0.03 d"1 in May. These results are much lower than previously recorded growth rates of broadcast-spawner copepods estimated under food saturation. This comparison may suggest that the present study was conducted under conditions of limiting resources.Calanus euxinus' un gonad gelişiminin ve besin bolluğunun yumurta verimine etkisi Ekim 2000 ve Mayıs 2001 müddetince Karadeniz' de incelendi. Yumurta üretim oranı Ekim ayinda 0 ila 7.34 yumurta dişi"1 gün"1, Mayıs ayında 1.82 ila 7.02 yumurta dişi"1 gün"1 aralıklarında bulunmaktadır. Yumurta üretim oranının, gonad gelişimini tamamlamış dişilerin bulunma yüzdeleri ile yakın ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ancak yumurta üretim oranının her iki örnekleme periyodunda da klorofil-a konsantrasyonundan bağımsız olduğu görülmektedir. Dişi C. euxinus' un pigment tüketme oranları Ekim ayında 2.08 ila 40.54 ng chl-a dişi"1 gün"1, Mayıs ayında 6.68 ila 64.93 ng chl-a dişi"1 gün"1 aralığında bulunmaktadır. C. euxinus' un klorofil tüketme oram ile ortamın klorofilkonsantrasyonu arasında positif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Fakat, klorofil tüketme oranlarının yumurta verimi ile istatistiksel kaydadeğer bir ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. C. euxinus, un üretkenlik büyüme oranlarının kendi kuru ağırlığı ile ters orantılı olduğu bulunmuştur ve ortalama büyüme oranlan Ekim ayı için 0.01 gün"1, Mayıs ayı için 0.03 yumurta gün"1 dür. Bu sonuçlar daha önceden yumurtalarını yayarak yumurtlayan (broadcast-spawner) kopepodlar için bildirilen büyüme oranlarından oldukça düşüktür. Bu kıyaslama bize çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemlerde besin kıtlığı olabileceğini gösteriyor

Endemik ve soyu tehlike altında olan içsu balık türlerinden pseudophoxinus'da şekil ve genetik çeşitlilik ilişkisi.

Evolutionary models addressing interaction between genetics and morphology propose that during development, morphological traits of organisms are under canalization selection resulting in constancy in morphology through evolutionary time. The hypothesis of genetic homeostasis predict that because of developmental buffering effects of heterosis, high level heterozygosity results in low level of morphological variance from the norms of canalized shape of the population. The aim of the present study is to test whether the variation in shape of organisms is negatively correlated with genetic variation in Pseudophoxinus populations. Sample collection was performed from eight localities for four different Pseudophoxinus species (P. crassus, P. battalgili, P. egridiri, P. sp) in Central and South Anatolia in summer period of 2006. Shape variation of the specimens was determined using geometric morphometric methods. Genetic variation was based on six microsatellite and ten allozyme loci. All the microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic. However, the percentage of monomorphic locus for allozymes varied from 90% to 60% per population. Statistically significant negative correlation was observed between shape and genetic variation derived from microsatellite data. However, this was not the case for allozyme heterozygosity; there wasn’t any significant relationship between shape variation and allozymes heterozygosity. Low number of polymorphic loci observed in allozymes may prevent to reveal possible relationship between shape and genetic variations. As a result, the present study confirmed the hypothesis of genetic homeostasis for microsatellite data.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra