The Relationship between Legal Status, Perceived Pressure and Motivation in Treatment for Drug Dependence: Results from a European Study of Quasi-Compulsory Treatment

This paper reports on intake data from QCT Europe, a study of quasi-compulsory treatment for drug dependent offenders. It explores the link between formal legal coercion, perceived pressure to be in treatment and motivation amongst a sample of 845 people who entered treatment for drug dependence in 5 European countries, half of them in quasi-compulsory treatment and half ‘voluntarily’. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, it suggests that those who enter treatment under QCT do perceive greater pressure to be in treatment, but that this does not necessarily lead to higher or lower motivation than ‘volunteers’. Many drug dependent offenders value QCT as an opportunity to get treatment. Motivation is mutable and can be developed or diminished by the quality of support and services offered to drug dependent offenders

Structural and functional characterization of the hydrogenase-maturation HydF protein

International audience[FeFe] hydrogenase (HydA) catalyzes interconversion between 2H+ and H2 at an active site composed of a [4Fe-4S] cluster linked to a 2Fe subcluster that harbors CO, CN− and azapropanedithiolate (adt2−) ligands. HydE, HydG and HydF are the maturases specifically involved in the biosynthesis of the 2Fe subcluster. Using ligands synthesized by HydE and HydG, HydF assembles a di-iron precursor of the 2Fe subcluster and transfers it to HydA for maturation. Here we report the first X-ray structure of HydF with its [4Fe-4S] cluster. The cluster is chelated by three cysteines and an exchangeable glutamate, which allows the binding of synthetic mimics of the 2Fe subcluster. [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2− is proposed to be the true di-iron precursor because, when bound to HydF, it matures HydA and displays features in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra that are similar to those of the native HydF active intermediate. A new route toward the generation of artificial hydrogenases, as combinations of HydF and such biomimetic complexes, is proposed on the basis of the observed hydrogenase activity of chemically modified HydF