GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE SEMENTES DE NONI (Morinda citrifolia L.)

A espécie Morinda citrifolia L. comumente conhecida por noni pertence à família Rubiacea, originaria do Sudeste Asiático. O fruto tem forma ovalada é bastante utilizada na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de alergia, artrite, asma, câncer, hipertensão, insônia, depressão, digestão e também para o aumento da capacidade física. Tendo em vista seu alto valor comercial, e medicinal a fruta é composta principalmente por Proxeronina precursora do alcalóide xeronina. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar índice de germinação in vitro de sementes Morinda citrifolia. As sementes foram retiradas de frutos maduros, sementes na ausência do tegumento foram imersas em álcool 70% por 1’, posteriormente em hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% com duas gotas de TWEEN-20º por 10’ e submetidas a 3 enxágues em água destilada e autoclavada. O meio de cultivo utilizado foi MS: T1) MS; T2) MS + 0,5 mg L–1 de GA3; T3) MS + 1,0 mg L–1 de GA3; T4) ½MS; T5) ½ MS + 0,5 mg L–1 de GA3; T6) ½ MS + 1,0 mg L–1 de GA3, em condições de luminosidade e na sua ausência. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, dados submetidos à análise de variância, as médias foram comparadas pele teste t ao nível de probabilidade de 5%. A desinfestação foi eficaz não apresentando contaminação por microrganismos. A porcentagem de germinação foi maior em T5 e T6 (A), sob condições de luminosidade onde T6 apresentou 100% de germinação demonstrando a eficácia do ácido giberélico associado à metade da concentração de sais básicos do meio MS em condições de luminosidade. As plântulas foram aclimatizadas em copos plásticos contendo terra e esterco bovino

Estrutura Populacional e Variabilidade Genética em Populações Nativas de Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl. & Zappi, em Fragmentos Florestais no estado de Mato Grosso/Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl. & Zappi in forest fragments in the state of Mato Grosso

Passiflora cristalina é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia Meridional com ocorrência natural no Município de Alta Floresta, MT. A espécie por ter sido recentemente descrita apresenta poucos estudos, sendo uma espécie de grande potencial para estudos de conservação e melhoramento genético. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a diversidade genética de populações nativas de P. cristalina por meio de marcador molecular SSR. Para o estudo foram selecionadas duas populações denominadas: ECE (estrada central) e EPA (Estrada Porto de areia) e amostrados um total de 50 indivíduos, sendo 25 provenientes de cada população, dos quais foram coletadas folhas para extração de DNA genômico.  As amplificações foram realizadas via PCR com o emprego de 8 primers SSR. O número de alelos por loco variou de 3 a 10, com média de 5,62, e um total de 45 alelos para os 8 locos avaliados. A heterozigozidade esperada apresentou média de 0,71, enquanto que o número de alelos efetivos apresentou uma média de 4,05. O GST variou de 0,26 a 1,78, com uma média de 0,83, refletindo um nível de diferenciação entre as populações de P. cristalina e o fluxo gênico (Nm) apresentou uma média de 1,16. A AMOVA revelou que a maior parte da variabilidade encontra-se dentro das populações (65%) do que entre as populações (35%). O dendrograma gerado pelo método UPGMA possibilitou a formação de dois grupos distintos, assim como no agrupamento do “Structure”, demonstrando que os indivíduos ficaram alocados em suas respectivas populações. Devido aos elevados níveis de diversidade detectados no presente estudo nas duas populações confirmadas pela diversidade genética é de grande importância que sejam realizadas estratégias que visem a caracterização, conservação e prospecção desse material

Cytogenetic characterization of Encyclia caximboensis cultivated in vitro (Orchidaceae)

Encyclia caximboensis is an Amazonian species endemic to the Serra do Cachimbo, which is located between the northern of the Mato Grosso state and the southern part of Para state. Studies reporting in vitro cultivation and cytogenetic characterization of this species are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the cytogenetic characteristics and to identify the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the species E. Caximboensis, cultivated in vitro. Seeds of E. caximboensis were disinfected using a syringe and subsequently cultivated in MS medium without growth regulators. The germination started after 20 days of culture, with the development of protocorm and 40,500 seedlings were obtained after 90 days of culture. To perform the cytogenetic characterization, root tips of 180-day-old seedlings were submitted to blocking treatment using 3 µM trifiuralin and then fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution, 3:1 (v/v). The meristems were submitted to enzymatic digestion, fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution, 3:1 (v/v) and the slides were stained using 5% Giemsa solution. Ag-NOR banding was carried out on 20-day-old slides by incubation in 50% silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) for 19 hours. The results indicated that E. caximboensis has 2n=2x=24 with all metacentric type chromosomes, ranging from 1.88 to 0.66 pm in length, with simple NORs in small blocks localized in the proximal region of the third chromosome pair

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl & Zappi. GENOTYPES BASED ON FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species

In vitro germination of desert rose varieties(

The drought stress resistance is a characteristic of the desert rose and its estimable beauty flowers, which gave it great relevance in the ornamental market. However, the desert rose production and germination is hampered by possible sterility of their male and female flowers and frequent problems in pollination, so the tissue culture is a promising alternative to the propagation of these plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid on four commercial varieties of desert rose (Adenium obesum) cultivated in vitro. The seeds of the varieties ‘Orange Pallet’, ‘Carnation violet’, ‘Diamond ring’ and ‘Vermiliont’ were sterilized and inoculated on Water + Agar (T0), medium MS (T1), ½ MS (T2), MS + 0.25 mg L-1 GA3 (T3), MS + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 (T4), ½ MS + 0.25 mg L-1 GA3 (T5), ½ MS 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 (T6). The seeds germination of A. obesum was initiated on the fourth day of cultivation and on the tenth day was possible to observe the expansion of the cotyledons and leaf expansion with subsequent development of early secondary root. The ‘Orange pallet’ variety germinated 100% of seeds on water + agar and MS ½ + 0.5 mg L-1 of GA3. For ‘Diamond Ring’ and ‘Carnation violet’ the highest rate of germination occurred in treatments MS ½; 0.25 mg L-1 GA3; MS + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 MS ½ + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 averaging 80% and 70%, respectively. For ‘Vermiliont’ the best response was in MS and MS ½ + 0.5 mg L-1 GA3 ranging between 70-90% germinated embryos. It was registered different malformations in all treatments like absence of roots and apexes during seedling development. The concentrations of GA3 did not affect significantly the seed germination

ANÁLISE BIOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi

O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar biometricamente os frutos e sementes de Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi ocorrentes na região de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. Foram coletados em 2013 um total de 100 frutos maduros de 15 genótipos e destes foram selecionadas 300 sementes aleatoriamente. Os frutos foram analisados quanto ao comprimento, largura, espessura, peso, espessura da casca, o peso da polpa, o peso das sementes/fruto, número de sementes/fruto e teor de sólidos solúveis. As sementes foram avaliadas em relação ao comprimento, largura, espessura e índice de volume. As características biométricas foram analisadas mediante distribuição de frequência calculando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e o nível de significância através do teste T. O comprimento do fruto correlacionou-se positivamente com a largura e peso do fruto, espessura da casca e com peso das sementes, não havendo uma correlação com o número de sementes por fruto. Houve uma ampla distribuição de frequência das características avaliadas nos frutos, com exceção do peso das sementes. A alta variação fenotípica encontrada para a maioria das características avaliadas nos frutos e sementes de P. cristalina revela que a espécie tem divergência genética a ser utilizado em programas de seleção e conservação de recursos genéticos.Palavras-chave: divergência genética, maracujá, recursos genéticos. BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi ABSTRACT: The present work has presented the fruits and seeds of Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank & Zappi occurring in the region of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. A total of 100 mature fruits of 15 genotypes were collected in 2013 and 300 seeds were randomly selected. The fruits were inert to the length, thickness, thickness, weight, bark thickness, pulp weight, seed/fruit weight, number of seeds / fruit and soluble solids content. The seeds were evaluated for length, width, thickness and volume index. The biometric characteristics were analyzed with the calculation frequency calculated with the Spearman correlation coefficient and the level of significance throughout the T test. Fruit weight was correlated with fruit width and weight, bark thickness and weight of the fruits. Seeds without a key with the number of seeds per fruit. There is an offer of food distribution in the fruits, with the exception of the weight of the seeds. The high phenotypic variance found for a greater number of species evaluated in fruits and seeds of P.cristalina reveals that a type of genetics has been characterized in programs of selection and conservation of genetic resources.Keywords: genetic divergence, passion fruit, genetic resources

ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE Theobroma speciosum Willd. Ex Spreng NO NORTE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO

Understanding the structure and spatial distribution of tree species is necessary to predict the spatial variation of successional, genetic and ecological processes of a forest ecosystem. The present study assessed the population structure and the spatial distribution of Theobroma speciosum (cacauí) in three urban forest fragments located at Alta Floresta (C/E Park with sampled area of 6.72 ha, J Park, with 3.92 ha and Zoobotanical Park with 15.84 ha of sampled area) and at Juruena National Park -PNJu (3.2 ha) in the North of Mato Grosso State. Three hundred and twenty-three individuals of Theobroma speciosum were sampled, 50 in the C/E Park (7.44 ind. ha-1), 32 in J Park (8.16 ind. ha-1), 76 in the Zoo-botanical Park (4.79 ind. ha-1) and 165 in PNJu (51.56 ind. ha-1). The lower density of individuals found in the urban parks may be associated with the fragmentation process, since there were no positive relationships of density and the number of individuals with the sampled area. Besides, the highest density was found at PNJu, which is a continuous forest in a conservation unit subjected to no recent human intervention. The urban forest fragments (except for the Zoo-botanical Park) have presented the smallest amount of individuals in the inferior diameter (0-5cm) and the lowest height classes (0-5m) when they were compared to the structure found at PNJu. Such difference must regard the smaller area of the C/E and J Parks and the consequent more intense edge effect that have affected forest regeneration. The distribution pattern of individuals in all populations was clumped. These results show that the species is susceptible to fragmentation due to isolation, since it presents self-incompatibility and limited zoochoric dispersion