2,107 research outputs found
Linear Continuum Mechanics for Quantum Many-Body Systems
We develop the continuum mechanics of quantum many-body systems in the linear
response regime. The basic variable of the theory is the displacement field,
for which we derive a closed equation of motion under the assumption that the
time-dependent wave function in a locally co-moving reference frame can be
described as a geometric deformation of the ground-state wave function. We show
that this equation of motion is exact for systems consisting of a single
particle, and for all systems at sufficiently high frequency, and that it leads
to an excitation spectrum that has the correct integrated strength. The theory
is illustrated by simple model applications to one- and two-electron systems.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
Continuum Mechanics for Quantum Many-Body Systems: The Linear Response Regime
We derive a closed equation of motion for the current density of an
inhomogeneous quantum many-body system under the assumption that the
time-dependent wave function can be described as a geometric deformation of the
ground-state wave function. By describing the many-body system in terms of a
single collective field we provide an alternative to traditional approaches,
which emphasize one-particle orbitals. We refer to our approach as continuum
mechanics for quantum many-body systems. In the linear response regime, the
equation of motion for the displacement field becomes a linear fourth-order
integro-differential equation, whose only inputs are the one-particle density
matrix and the pair correlation function of the ground-state. The complexity of
this equation remains essentially unchanged as the number of particles
increases. We show that our equation of motion is a hermitian eigenvalue
problem, which admits a complete set of orthonormal eigenfunctions under a
scalar product that involves the ground-state density. Further, we show that
the excitation energies derived from this approach satisfy a sum rule which
guarantees the exactness of the integrated spectral strength. Our formulation
becomes exact for systems consisting of a single particle, and for any
many-body system in the high-frequency limit. The theory is illustrated by
explicit calculations for simple one- and two-particle systems.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 6 Appendices This paper is a follow-up
to PRL 103, 086401 (2009
Pion and Eta Strings
In this paper we construct a string-like classical solution, the pion-string,
in the linear sigma model. We then study the stability of the pion-string, and
find that it is unstable in the parameter space allowed experimentally. We also
speculate on the existance of an unstable eta-string, associated with
spontaneous breakdown of the anomalous symmetry in QCD at high
temperatures. The implications of the pion and eta strings for cosmology and
heavy ion collisions are briefly mentioned.Comment: 5 pages, LATE
Experimental measurement-based quantum computing beyond the cluster-state model
The paradigm of measurement-based quantum computation opens new experimental
avenues to realize a quantum computer and deepens our understanding of quantum
physics. Measurement-based quantum computation starts from a highly entangled
universal resource state. For years, clusters states have been the only known
universal resources. Surprisingly, a novel framework namely quantum computation
in correlation space has opened new routes to implement measurement-based
quantum computation based on quantum states possessing entanglement properties
different from cluster states. Here we report an experimental demonstration of
every building block of such a model. With a four-qubit and a six-qubit state
as distinct from cluster states, we have realized a universal set of
single-qubit rotations, two-qubit entangling gates and further Deutsch's
algorithm. Besides being of fundamental interest, our experiment proves
in-principle the feasibility of universal measurement-based quantum computation
without using cluster states, which represents a new approach towards the
realization of a quantum computer.Comment: 26 pages, final version, comments welcom
Effects of Shielding on Properties of Eddy Current Probes with Ferrite Cup Cores
In eddy current inspection the ability to detect small defects depends on the sensitivity of the system and on the relative sizes of the probe and the defect. To detect defects on the opposite surface the probe radius should be at least as great as the thickness of the material. This limits the sensitivity to small defects that can be achieved by decreasing the probe size. Assuming the instrumentation is a given, further sensitivity can be achieved by improving the sensitivity of the probe itself.</p
Combined Effect of IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R Expression on Prognosis of Patients with Laryngeal Cancer
Background/Aims: This study aimed to pathologically elucidate the roles of interleukin-12 receptor (IL-12R) β2 and interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment and to determine their combined effect on prognosis of laryngeal cancer (LC). Methods: The tumor-cell expression scores and TIL positivity ratiosof IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R in matched LC and normal laryngeal tissue samples from 61 LC patients were measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC). We adopted a linear regression model to analyze the correlation between IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R expression in tumor cells and TIL ratios. TheKaplan-Meier log-rank test and Cox regression hazard ratios were used to analyze survival. Results: LC tumor cells had a higher IL-12Rβ2 expression and TIL ratio than IL-23R expression and TIL ratio. The significant correlations between IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R expression and TIL ratios were identified in LC tissues, particularly in well-differentiated LC. Furthermore, either high tumor cell IL-12Rβ2 or low IL-23R expression had better survival than its corresponding low or high expression, respectively. Similar results did for IL-12Rβ2 ratio and IL-23R ratio. Finally, patients with both high IL-12Rβ2 and low IL-23R had the best prognosis among any other combined groups with both gene expression (HR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8). Likewise, patients with positive ratios of high IL-12Rβ2 and low IL-23R TILs had the best survival (HR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4). Conclusion: IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R create a homeostasis within the tumor cells and TILs, and this homeostasis affects prognosis. While the intrinsic mechanisms of epigenetic immunoediting for IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R remain unknown, additional larger and functional studies are warranted for validation
Power corrections in the longitudinal and transverse structure functions of proton and deuteron
Power corrections to the Q**2 behaviour of the low-order moments of both the
longitudinal and transverse structure functions of proton and deuteron have
been investigated using available phenomenological fits of existing data in the
Q**2 range between 1 and 20 (GeV/c)**2. The Natchmann definition of the moments
has been adopted for disentangling properly target-mass and dynamical
higher-twist effects in the data. The leading twist has been treated at
next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant and the effects of higher
orders of the perturbative series have been estimated using a
renormalon-inspired model. The contributions of (target-dependent) multiparton
correlations to both 1/Q**2 and 1/Q**4 power terms have been determined in the
transverse channel, while the longitudinal one appears to be consistent with a
pure infrared renormalon picture in the whole Q**2-range between 1 and 20
(GeV/c)**2. Finally, the extracted twist-2 contribution in the deuteron turns
out to be compatible with the hypothesis of an enhanced d-quark parton
distribution at large x.Comment: revised version with only minor changes, to appear in Nuclear Physics
Twisting K3 x T^2 Orbifolds
We construct a class of geometric twists of Calabi-Yau manifolds of
Voisin-Borcea type (K3 x T^2)/Z_2 and study the superpotential in a type IIA
orientifold based on this geometry. The twists modify the direct product by
fibering the K3 over T^2 while preserving the Z_2 involution. As an important
application, the Voisin-Borcea class contains T^6/(Z_2 x Z_2), the usual
setting for intersecting D6 brane model building. Past work in this context
considered only those twists inherited from T^6, but our work extends these
twists to a subset of the blow-up modes. Our work naturally generalizes to
arbitrary K3 fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds and to nongeometric constructions.Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures; uses harvmac.tex, amssym.tex; v3: minor
corrections, references adde
On the uniqueness of solutions to the periodic 3D Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy
In this paper, we present a uniqueness result for solutions to the
Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy on the three-dimensional torus, under the assumption
of an a priori spacetime bound. We show that this a priori bound is satisfied
for factorized solutions to the hierarchy which come from solutions of the
nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation. In this way, we obtain a periodic analogue
of the uniqueness result on previously proved by Klainerman and
Machedon, except that, in the periodic setting, we need to assume additional
regularity. In particular, we need to work in the Sobolev class
for . By constructing a specific counterexample, we show that, on
, the existing techniques don't apply in the endpoint case
. This is in contrast to the known results in the non-periodic
setting, where the these techniques are known to hold for all .
In our analysis, we give a detailed study of the crucial spacetime estimate
associated to the free evolution operator. In this step of the proof, our
methods rely on lattice point counting techniques based on the concept of the
determinant of a lattice. This method allows us to obtain improved bounds on
the number of lattice points which lie in the intersection of a plane and a set
of radius , depending on the number-theoretic properties of the normal
vector to the plane. We are hence able to obtain a sharp range of admissible
Sobolev exponents for which the spacetime estimate holds.Comment: 42 page
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