Lipid Accumulation of the Larval Red Sea Bream, Paerus major

広島県栽培漁業センターにおいて集約的に生産された放流用マダイ幼魚のエネルギー蓄積器官の発達過程を生物学的および生化学的手法で観察した。1) 摂餌が開始する孵化後6日目(全長2.3mm)の後期仔魚期の肝臓にPAS陽性の物質が認められた。孵化後31日(8.0mm)の肝臓にはGlycogenの蓄積がみられ、68日目(30mm)の稚魚に腹腔内脂肪組織の形成が認められた。2) 孵化後26日目の消化器官では食道と胃の分化が明確となり、31日目まで飲食作用による消化級収がみられたが、41日目では飲食作用は消失し、成魚の消化吸収機能への移行がみられた。3) 筋肉、肝臓、腹腔内脂肪組織の生化学的性状から、体長約40mmで貯蔵脂質の蓄積が一定となり、この段階でエネルギー蓄積機能が完成するものと推定された。成長と共に筋肉Triglyceridesを構成する脂肪酸のC16やC18:1に増加が認められた。The larval red sea bream produced in Hiroshima-ken Fish Farming Center were examined histologically and biochemically in reference to energy accumulation. 1) PAS-positive substances appeared in liver at the 6th day after hatching (total length 2.3 mm). Glycogen initiated to be accumulated in liver at 31st day (8.0 mm), but lipid deposition was not found in the liver at the 41st day (12.7 mm). The formation of intraperitoneal fat body was found at the 68th day (30 mm) after hatching. 2) Qualitative and Quantitative measurements of lipid in muscle, liver, and intraperitoneal fat body exhibited that accumulation of triglycerides became constant at the stage of 45 mm in body length. The stage would correspond to accomplishment of lipid storage which could be mobilized as energy sources. With the progress of growth, fatty acids such as C16 and C18:1 increased in muscle triglycerides

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era

Risk for Major Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor Compared With Aspirin After Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes)

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