Formation and evolution of the two 4/3 resonant giants planets in HD 200946

It has been suggested that HD 200964 is the first exoplanetary system with two Jovian planets evolving in the 4/3 mean- motion resonance. Previous scenarios to simulate the formation of two giant planets in the stable 4/3 resonance configuration have failed. Moreover, the orbital parameters available in the literature point out an unstable configuration of the planetary pair. The purpose of this paper is i) to determine the orbits of the planets from the RV measurements and update the value of the stellar mass (1.57 M), ii) to analyse the stability of the planetary evolution in the vicinity and inside the 4/3 MMR, and iii) to elaborate a possible scenario for the formation of systems in the 4/3 MMR. The results of the formation simulations are able to very closely reproduce the 4/3 resonant dynamics of the best-fit config- uration obtained in this paper. Moreover, the confidence interval of the fit matches well with the very narrow stable region of the 4/3 mean-motion resonance. The formation process of the HD 200964 system is very sensitive to the planetary masses and protoplanetary disk parameters. Only a thin, flat disk allows the embryo-sized planets to reach the 4/3 resonant configuration. The stable evolution of the resonant planets is also sensitive to the mass of the central star, because of overlapping high-order resonances inside the 4/3 resonance. Regardless of the very narrow domain of stable motion, the confidence interval of our fit closely matches the stability area

On planetary mass determination in the case of super-Earths orbiting active stars. The case of the CoRoT-7 system

This investigation uses the excellent HARPS radial velocity measurements of CoRoT-7 to re-determine the planet masses and to explore techniques able to determine mass and elements of planets discovered around active stars when the relative variation of the radial velocity due to the star activity cannot be considered as just noise and can exceed the variation due to the planets. The main technique used here is a self-consistent version of the high-pass filter used by Queloz et al. (2009) in the first mass determination of CoRoT-7b and CoRoT-7c. The results are compared to those given by two alternative techniques: (1) The approach proposed by Hatzes et al. (2010) using only those nights in which 2 or 3 observations were done; (2) A pure Fourier analysis. In all cases, the eccentricities are taken equal to zero as indicated by the study of the tidal evolution of the system; the periods are also kept fixed at the values given by Queloz et al. Only the observations done in the time interval BJD 2,454,847 - 873 are used because they include many nights with multiple observations; otherwise it is not possible to separate the effects of the rotation fourth harmonic (5.91d = Prot/4) from the alias of the orbital period of CoRoT-7b (0.853585 d). The results of the various approaches are combined to give for the planet masses the values 8.0 \pm 1.2 MEarth for CoRoT-7b and 13.6 \pm 1.4 MEarth for CoRoT 7c. An estimation of the variation of the radial velocity of the star due to its activity is also given.The results obtained with 3 different approaches agree to give masses larger than those in previous determinations. From the existing internal structure models they indicate that CoRoT-7b is a much denser super-Earth. The bulk density is 11 \pm 3.5 g.cm-3 . CoRoT-7b may be rocky with a large iron core.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Status quaestionis de la relación entre el virus del zika y los problemas congénitos, y su relación con el aborto en Brasil

El virus del Zika ha sido descubierto en 1947 y, a partir de 2007, causa algunas epidemias en islas del Pacífico. Pese el alto grado de infectividad en estas epidemias, los síntomas eran bastante ligeros, sin ninguna patología grave asociada. En 2014, durante la epidemia en la Polinesia Francesa, la infección por el virus pasa a ser asociada al síndrome de Guillain Barré. Sin embargo, es a finales de 2015, en una epidemia en Brasil, que el virus pasa a ser asociado a problemas congénitos. Esta posible teratogenicidad genera una discusión científica, social –amplificada por los Juegos Olímpicos en Brasil–, jurídica y moral en todo el mundo. Este trabajo realiza una amplia exposición de los hechos ocurridos desde el descubrimiento del virus hasta finales de 2018. La primera parte, a través de un recorrido histórico, presenta los hechos científicos relacionados al virus y a los problemas derivados de la infección, con especial énfasis en la cuestión de la causalidad del virus en los problemas congénitos. La segunda parte expone las consecuencias sociales y jurídicas, dejando clara la desconexión existente entre los hechos biológicos y la defensa de la despenalización del aborto en casos de infección por el virus del Zika. La última parte del trabajo presenta, desde distintas perspectivas de la teología moral, las estrategias utilizadas por el lobby abortista y su inmoralidad. La importancia de esta obra está tanto en la sistematización de los hechos biológicos que permitieron la valoración moral de ellos como en la transdisciplinariedad y diálogo entre las diversas áreas del conocimiento humano.The Zika virus was discovered in 1947, and started causing epidemics in the Pacific islands in 2007. Despite the high level of infectiousness involved in these epidemics, the symptoms were very light, without any associated grave pathology. In 2014, during the epidemic in French Polynesia, the infection by the virus was associated with the Guillain Barré syndrome. However, it was towards the end of 2015, in an epidemic in Brazil, that the virus was correlated by researchers to congenital problems. This possible teratogenicity generated a worldwide scientific, juridical, moral and social debate, amplified by the celebration of the Olympic Games in Brazil. The present thesis offers an extensive exposition of the events that happened from the discovery of the virus up to the end of 2018. The first part, through a historical overview, presents the scientific facts related to the virus and the problems derived from infection, with special focus on the question of whether or not the virus causes the congenital problems. The second part analyzes the social and juridical consequences, highlighting the disconnection between the biological facts and the defense of the decriminalization of abortion in cases of infection by the Zika virus. The last part of the thesis considers, from different perspectives of moral theology, the strategies utilized by the abortionist lobby and their immorality. The contribution of the thesis consists in the systematization of the biological facts which provide the basis for a moral evaluation, and in effectuating a transdisciplinary dialogue among different areas of human knowledge

Características dentárias e faciais de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that the temporomandibular joint is frequently affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and this degenerative disease, which may occur during facial growth, results in severe mandibular dysfunction. However, there are no studies that correlate oral health (tooth decay and gingival diseases) and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral and facial characteristics of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated in a large teaching hospital. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (26 female and 10 male) underwent a systematic clinical evaluation of their dental, oral, and facial structures (DMFT index, plaque and gingival bleeding index, dental relationship, facial profile, and Helkimo's index). The control group was composed of 13 healthy children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 10.8 years; convex facial profile was present in 12 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, and class II molar relation was present in 12 (P = .032). The indexes of plaque and gingival bleeding were significant in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with a higher number of superior limbs joints involved (P = .055). Anterior open bite (5) and temporomandibular joint noise (8) were present in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. Of the group in this sample, 94% (P = .017) had temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 80% had decreased mandibular opening (P = 0.0002), and mandibular mobility was severely impaired in 33% (P = .015). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis a) have a high incidence of mandibular dysfunction that can be attributed to the direct effect of the disease in the temporomandibular joint and b) have a higher incidence of gingival disease that can be considered a secondary effect of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on oral health.OBJETIVO: A articulação temporomandibular é freqüentemente afetada pela artrite idiopática juvenil, e esta doença degenerativa, durante o crescimento facial, resulta em disfunção mandibular grave. No entanto, não há estudos que avaliam conjuntamente alterações na saúde oral (cáries e doenças gengivais) e na articulação temporomandibular decorrentes da artrite idiopática juvenil. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a condição dentária e a função mandibular de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil tratados em um hospital escola. MÉTODO: Trinta e seis pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (26 meninas e 10 meninos) foram submetidos a uma avaliação clínica sistemática de suas estruturas dentárias, orais e faciais (índice CPO-D, índice de placa e sangramento gengival, relação dentária, perfil facial e índice de Helkimo para articulação temporomandibular). O grupo controle foi composto por 13 crianças saudáveis. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes com diagnóstico de artrite idiopática juvenil foi 10,8 anos; o perfil facial convexo foi encontrado em 12 pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil e relação molar classe II esteve presente em 12 deles (p=0,032). Os índices de placa e sangramento gengival foram significantes em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil que apresentavam maior número de articulações dos membros superiores comprometidas (p=0,055). Mordida aberta anterior (cinco) e ruídos articulares (oito) foram encontradas no grupo com artrite idiopática juvenil . Este grupo apresentou 94% dos pacientes com disfunção da articulação temporomandibular (p=0,017), além de amplitude mandibular diminuída (p=0,0002) e mobilidade mandibular gravemente comprometida em 33% (p=0,015). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo confirma que pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil: a) têm alto índice de disfunção mandibular, que pode ser atribuído ao efeito direto da doença sobre a articulação temporomandibular e b) maior índice de doença gengival, que pode ser considerado como efeito indireto da artrite idiopática juvenil na saúde oral

A new analysis of the GJ581 extrasolar planetary system

We have done a new analysis of the available observations for the GJ581 exoplanetary system. Today this system is controversial due to choices that can be done in the orbital determination. The main ones are the ocurrence of aliases and the additional bodies - the planets f and g - announced in Vogt et al. 2010. Any dynamical study of exoplanets requires the good knowledge of the orbital elements and the investigations involving the planet g are particularly interesting, since this body would lie in the Habitable Zone (HZ) of the star GJ581. This region,for this system, is very attractive of the dynamical point of view due to several resonances of two and three bodies present there. In this work, we investigate the conditions under which the planet g may exist. We stress the fact that the planet g is intimately related with the orbital elements of the planet d; more precisely, we conclude that it is not possible to disconnect its existence from the determination of the eccentricity of the planet d. Concerning the planet f, we have found one solution with period $\approx 450$ days, but we are judicious about any affirmation concernig this body because its signal is in the threshold of detection and the high period is in a spectral region where the ocorruence of aliases is very common. Besides, we outline some dynamical features of the habitable zone with the dynamical map and point out the role played by some resonances laying there.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Unicentric study of cell therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/pulmonary emphysema

Within the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) spectrum, lung emphysema presents, as a primarily histopathologic feature, the destruction of pulmonary parenchyma and, accordingly, an increase in the airflow obstruction distal to the terminal bronchiole. Notwithstanding the significant advances in prevention and treatment of symptoms, no effective or curative therapy has been accomplished. In this context, cellular therapy with stem cells (SCs) arises as a new therapeutic approach, with a wide application potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of SCs infusion procedure in patients with advanced COPD (stage IV dyspnea). After selection, patients underwent clinical examination and received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, immediately prior to the bone marrow harvest. The bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were isolated and infused into a peripheral vein. The 12-month follow-up showed a significant improvement in the quality of life, as well as a clinical stable condition, which suggest a change in the natural process of the disease. Therefore, the proposed methodology in this study for BMMC cell therapy in sufferers of advanced COPD was demonstrated to be free of significant adverse effects. Although a larger sample and a greater follow-up period are needed, it is possible to infer that BMMC cell therapy introduces an unprecedented change in the course or in the natural history of emphysema, inhibiting or slowing the progression of disease. This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01110252) and was approved by the Brazilian National Committee of Ethics in Research (registration no. 14764, CONEP report 233/2009)

Replacement of rapeseed meal by soybean meal protein in broilers ration

Realizou-se, no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Suínos e Aves - CNPSA, da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, município de Concórdia, SC, no período de novembro a dezembro de 1981, um experimento utilizando o farelo de colza como fonte protéica em ração para frangos de corte, nos níveis de 0, 10, 20 e 30%, em substituição à proteína do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados 736 pintos da linhagem Pilch, de ambos os sexos, do nascimento a 56 dias de idade, utilizando um delineamento experimental, em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, tendo, cada um, 46 aves (23 machos e 23 fêmeas). Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar nos diferentes períodos. Conclui-se que a proteína do farelo de colza pode substituir até 30% a do farelo de soja, sem que haja prejuízo no desempenho dos frangos de corte, uma vez que as rações experimentais eram isocalóricas e isoprotéicas.A randomized block design, with four treatments and four replications was used to study the rapeseed meal as a source of protein in broilers rations at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Suínos e Aves - CNPSA-EMBRAPA - at Concórdia, SC, Brazil, from November/December 1981. The treatments consisted of replacement of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the soybean meal protein by rapeseed meal. Each replication was formed by 46 broilers (23 males and 23 females), totalizing 736 Pilch broilers. There were no significative differences (P>0.05) among experimental rations for daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. It was concluded that the rapeseed meal can replace up to 30% of soybean meal protein without any damage in performance of the broilers, since the rations were isocaloric and isoproteic