1,559 research outputs found
Fully spin-dependent transport of triangular graphene flakes
The magnetic moment and spin-polarized electron transport properties of
triangular graphene flakes surrounded by boron nitride sheets (BNC structures)
are studied by using first-principles calculations based on density functional
theory. Their dependence on the BNC structure is discussed, revealing that
small isolated graphene flakes have large magnetic moment. When the BNC
structure is suspended between graphene electrodes, the spin-polarized charge
density distribution accumulates at the edge of the graphene flakes and no spin
polarization is observed in the graphene electrodes. We also found that the BNC
structure demonstrates perfectly spin-polarized transport properties in the
wide energy window around the Fermi level. Our first-principles results
indicate that the BNC structure provides new possibilities to electrically
control spin
Application of a novel method for subsequent evaluation of sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules after ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver
Although several intravital fluorescence microscopic studies demonstrated that microcirculatory derangement is induced during liver ischemia-reperfusion, these data were obtained from randomly selected microvascular areas and microvessels, Repeated observation of the identical microvessels has not been performed yet. Using a specially designed cover glass, it is now possible to relocate desired sites of observation repeatedly over the whole reperfusion time, The aim of this study was to determine the impact of reperfusion time on hepatic microvascular perfusion state. Twenty minutes of ischemia induced a significant decrease in sinusoidal perfusion rate (29.1 +/- 10.2%) as compared with baseline values (98.0 +/- 0.3%). At 30, 60, and 120 min of reperfusion, the percentage of perfused sinusoids recovered to 62.8 +/- 6.6, 67.5 +/- 5.7, and 77.2 +/- 5.4%. The number of stagnant leukocytes in the same sinusoids was 6.2 +/- 1.9/lobule at baseline and increased to 22.3 +/- 3.6/lobule at 120 min of reperfusion. The number of leukocytes adhering within postsinusoidal venules was 53.5 +/- 12.5/mm(2) before ischemia and increased to 414.2 +/- 62.5/mm(2) at 120 min of reperfusion. We have demonstrated that during 120 min of reperfusion, there was a steady increase in both sinusoidal and venular leukocyte adhesion along with an attenuation of the initially severely depressed sinusoidal perfusion. a no-reflow phenomenon at an early phase of reperfusion and subsequent reflow were proven
Vortex crystals
Vortex crystals is one name in use for the subject of vortex patterns that move without change of shape or size. Most of what is known pertains to the case of arrays of parallel line vortices moving so as to produce an essentially two-dimensional flow. The possible patterns of points indicating the intersections of these vortices with a plane perpendicular to them have been studied for almost 150 years. Analog experiments have been devised, and experiments with vortices in a variety of fluids have been performed. Some of the states observed are understood analytically. Others have been found computationally to high precision. Our degree of understanding of these patterns varies considerably. Surprising connections to the zeros of 'special functions' arising in classical mathematical physics have been revealed. Vortex motion on two-dimensional manifolds, such as the sphere, the cylinder (periodic strip) and torus (periodic parallelogram) has also been studied, because of the potential applications, and some results are available regarding the problem of vortex crystals in such geometries. Although a large amount of material is available for review, some results are reported here for the first time. The subject seems pregnant with possibilities for further development.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe
Spectral Classification and Effective Temperatures of L and T Dwarfs Based of Near-Infrared Spectra
We have obtained near-infrared spectra of L dwarfs, L/T transition objects
and T dwarfs using Subaru. Resulting spectra are examined in detail to see
their dependence on the spectral types. We have obtained bolometric
luminosities of the objects with known parallaxes in our sample, first by
integrating the spectra and second by K band bolometric correction. We derive
the relation between effective temperature and spectral type.Comment: To appear in May 20, 2004 issue of ApJ There is a companion paper by
Tsuji, Nakajima and Yanagisaw
Single scalar top production with polarized beams in ep collisions at HERA
From the point of view of the R-parity breaking supersymmetric model, we
propose a scalar top (stop) search with longitudinally polarized electron (e-)
and positron(e+) beams which will soon be available at the upgraded HERA. Fully
polarized e- or e+ beams could produce the stop two times as much as
unpolarized beams, while they increase background events due to the process of
the standard model by about 30% in comparison with unpolarized ones. We show
that right-handed e+ beams at HERA is efficient to produce the stop in the
model. With 1 fb**(-1) of integrated luminosity we estimate reach in the
coupling constant lambda'(131) for masses of the stop in the range 160-400 GeV.
We can set a 95% confidence-level exclusion limit for lambda'(131) > 0.01-0.05
in the stop mass range of 240-280 GeV if no singal of the stop is observed. We
also point out that y(=Q**2/sx) distributions of e+ coming from the stop shows
the different behavior from those of the standard model.Comment: 12 pages, 6 eps figure
The tectum/superior colliculus as the vertebrate solution for spatial sensory integration and action
The superior colliculus, or tectum in the case of non-mammalian vertebrates, is a part of the brain that registers events in the surrounding space, often through vision and hearing, but also through electrosensation, infrared detection, and other sensory modalities in diverse vertebrate lineages. This information is used to form maps of the surrounding space and the positions of different salient stimuli in relation to the individual. The sensory maps are arranged in layers with visual input in the uppermost layer, other senses in deeper positions, and a spatially aligned motor map in the deepest layer. Here, we will review the organization and intrinsic function of the tectum/superior colliculus and the information that is processed within tectal circuits. We will also discuss tectal/superior colliculus outputs that are conveyed directly to downstream motor circuits or via the thalamus to cortical areas to control various aspects of behavior. The tectum/superior colliculus is evolutionarily conserved among all vertebrates, but tailored to the sensory specialties of each lineage, and its roles have shifted with the emergence of the cerebral cortex in mammals. We will illustrate both the conserved and divergent properties of the tectum/superior colliculus through vertebrate evolution by comparing tectal processing in lampreys belonging to the oldest group of extant vertebrates, larval zebrafish, rodents, and other vertebrates including primates
What can we learn from phi_1 and B_d^0 -> pi^+ pi^- ?
We discuss what we can understand from and
decay mode. Using a convention without weak phases and , we
can solve the parameters from the time-depended CP asymmetry. If we can put a
condition the contribution from penguin except for the CKM factor including in
the diagram is small, then we can lead the allowed region of or
by using the convention.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, references and comments adde
Biochemical correlates of cardiac hypertrophy. I. Experimental model; changes in heart weight, RNA content, and nuclear RNA polymerase activity
Cardiac hypertrophy occurred in mature rats after producing supravalvular aortic stenosis with a specially designed silver clip. For 2 weeks following this procedure, heart weight, body weight, and RNA content of the myocardium were serially determined. Heart weight and RNA content increased within 24 hours of aortic banding, reaching a maximal level in 2 days and remaining elevated during the 2 weeks of observation. Nuclei were isolated and purified from heart muscle homogenates, and changes in RNA polymerase activity following aortic banding were determined. The nearest neighbor frequency of the bases of the RNA synthesized by the polymerase from nuclear preparations was identical in both the banded animals and the sham-operated controls. Both groups could thus be compared on the basis of the enzyme assay. RNA polymerase activity in nuclei from the hearts of banded rats rose rapidly when compared with the activity in sham-operated rats; peak values were reached on the second day, the earliest detectable change being around 12 hours. The increase in RNA polymerase activity represents one of the earliest biochemical events that take place in the myocardium following aortic banding
On the Canonical Formalism for a Higher-Curvature Gravity
Following the method of Buchbinder and Lyahovich, we carry out a canonical
formalism for a higher-curvature gravity in which the Lagrangian density is given in terms of a function of the salar curvature as . The local Hamiltonian is obtained by a
canonical transformation which interchanges a pair of the generalized
coordinate and its canonical momentum coming from the higher derivative of the
metric.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, Latex fil
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