モバイルマネーの教育・農業投資への効果 : ウガンダ農村家計データを用いた検証

国家建設と経済発展プログラム / State Building and Economic Development Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: 松本 朋哉（主査）, 山内 慎子, 岩田 夏穂, 山野 峰（International Rice Research Institute

MIS adoption and its effects on the technical efficiency of agribusiness firms in Cameroon

This paper intends to determine the factors influencing the adoption of Management Information Systems (MIS) as well as the effects such systems have had on the technical efficiency of agribusiness firms in Cameron. 183 MIS users and 300 non-users were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure. An Ordered Logit model was employed to show that the user’s level of satisfaction, the purchase price of equipment and technological performance all have a positive effect on MIS adoption. Conversely, fear of change in firm management, access to government regulations, and complexity of MIS equipment discour- age the adoption of MIS. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic production function meanwhile revealed that ICT expense, firm size and number of customers were positively significant for the revenue of MIS users. For MIS non-users, ICT expense, firm size and quantity purchased also had a positive significance for revenue. However, the average technical efficiencies were 0.96 and 0.55 for MIS users and non-users, respectively, meaning that MIS users were far more technically efficient than MIS non- users. Also, the Tobit regression model on MIS users revealed that MIS improved the technical efficiency of agribusiness firms adopting them. This study therefore recommends that agribusiness firms in Cameroon invest in MIS; moreover, they should encourage its adoption by training their staff in how to use it optimally

Efficiency and Equity of Rural Land Markets and the Impact on Income: Evidence in Kenya and Uganda from 2003 to 2015

This study examines the evolution and impact of land sales and rental markets on agricultural efficiency in rural Kenya and Uganda using panel data spanning over 10 years. We first analyse the efficiency gains induced by land sales and rental markets by estimating the impact of participation in markets on unobserved farmer ability and land endowment. We do find evidence in both countries, that land markets induce efficiency by transferring land to households with higher farming ability. In both countries, the land market enhances equity by transferring land from land-abundant to land-constrained households. Although renting-in land increases crop income in Kenya, we find no evidence that renting in land enables households to escape from poverty. In contrast, increase in land owned helped decrease poverty incidence in Uganda. These findings points to potential weaknesses in the functioning of land markets in Kenya and Uganda which impedes their ability to contribute to poverty alleviation.JEL Classification Codes: D63, O12, Q15This study was supported by : Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Overseas Academic Research) (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15H02619) and the GRIPS Emerging State Project of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25101002)http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/kijima-yoko

Land market responses to weather shocks: Evidence from rural Uganda and Kenya

PRIFPRI3; ISI; Capacity Strengthening; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; DCA; Feed the Future Initiative; Feed the Future Innovation Laboratory for Food Security Policy (FSP)Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategie

The Impact of Government Spending and Food Imports on Nutritional Status in Nigeria: A Dynamic OLS Application and Simulation

The physical and human capital stock of a country determines its economic development and functioning. Despite the Federal Government of Nigeria's initiatives and policies aimed at ensuring the country's long-term viability. Citizens' nutritional status is still a widespread issue that undermines productivity. For a period of 41 years, the impact of government expenditures and food importation on overweight and stunting was studied using dynamic ordinary least squares and simulation (1980-2020). Stunting and overweight are reduced as a result of food production and importation, according to the findings. Stunting and overweight will be reduced by 2.12 percent and 1.22 percent, respectively, if public spending increases and food imports are reduced by 30%. To complement public initiatives, the best alternative policy for improving Nigeria's nutrition status should focus on increasing government agriculture and health spending, as well as increasing food imports with a lower comparative advantage

Evaluating demand side factors that affect institutional credit use and profitability of small-scale growers of roots and tubers: evidence from Cameroon's South West region

In this study, demand-side variables affecting the use of institutional finance with small-scale growers of roots and tubers profitability in Cameroon’s southwest are investigated. Using a multi-step stratified and straightforward random sample process, 837 respondents were chosen. In study was found that as farm size grows, so does the likelihood of loan need. A farmer with more years of farming expertise has more opportunities to use and demand finance. Credit institutions are more willing to lend to couples because they believe they will be able to repay the loans collectively. Educated farmers are certain that using borrowing to grow their investment will yield output that will cover their loan repayments due to their knowledge of production processes and record keeping. Further, the profitability of institutional credit users for cassava, cocoyam, and yam was higher than that of non-users of institutional credit. New techniques for identifying financially disadvantaged rural poor in the Region should be created by focusing on metrics that would increase the efficiency of entrepreneurs and take them closer to the production frontier. One of these solutions may be for the government to encourage microfinance institutions to lend to businesses in the form of inputs rather than cash

The perceived influence of COVID-19 preventive measures on the profit efficiency of smallholders’ cereal marketers in Cameroon

AbstractThis study was carried out to analyse the perceived influence of COVID-19 preventive measures on the profit efficiency of smallholders’ cereal marketers in Cameroon. The study hypothesizes that COVID-19 preventive measures significantly influence cereal marketers’ profit efficiency. A method of sampling, involving multiple stages and random selection, was employed to choose a group of 747 cereal marketers, and was analysed via the stochastic frontier model and beta regression. Cereal marketers are aware of the COVID-19 pandemic (80%), and of the government preventive policy measures (63%). The number of days in lockdown, the costs of hand sanitizer and face masks negatively influence cereal marketers’ profit efficiency while community sensitization positively influence cereal marketers’ profit efficiency. Borrowed money from friends (73%), Borrowed of money from money lenders (69%), withdrawal of savings (70%), material/financial support (37%), sell off assets to meet the daily need (73%), reduction of the quality of meals eaten (66%), and sell off reserved food to earn more money (63%) are the copying strategies used by cereal marketers. The study did not involve control groups that face different levels of exposure, and suggest that control groups could help isolate the effects of preventive measures from other external factors and provide a basis for comparison for further studies. To make preventive outbreak measures effective, price subsidies should be implemented to enable the use and access of hand sanitizer and disposable face masks, and the continuous wide broadcasting through community sensitization