Prognosis of cellular energy metabolism shifts in adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia

Pneumonia is one of the most severe respiratory pathology forms in children, which contributes significantly to infant mortality. The high risk of chronic bronchopulmonary process and child`s disability, in case of severe and complicated disease, requires careful pathophysiological change's analysis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. In particular, for the prediction of these disorders in children with CAP are important the dysmetabolic phenomena study and the specific approaches development. The immediate aim of this work is to study the cellular energy metabolism (CEM) features and to develop approaches for the early bioenergetic disorders diagnostics in conditions of community-acquired pneumonia in adolescents.The aim of the study is to develop approaches for the early diagnosis of shifts in energy metabolism in children aged 14-18 years with CAP. An examination of 41 children aged 14-16 years with the definition of CEM indicators was conducted in order to develop an approach for predicting CEM disorders in community-acquired pneumonia using the method of logistic regression. A logistic regression method was used to develop a method for predicting CEM disorders in children with CAP. The characteristics of CEM in children with CAP were determined. A decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity and an increase in the lactate dehydrogenase / succinate dehydrogenase ratio in children with CAP relative to the reference parameters were observed, which indicated an inhibition of the anaerobic energy synthesis pathway. Two mathematical models for predicting CEM disorders in CAP based on logistic regression equations were proposed. The first mathematical model consisted of social and health characteristics and of pneumonia clinical course characteristics. In ROC analysis the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82, diagnostic specificity – 71%, diagnostic sensitivity – 90%. The second model included only hematological parameters, AUC – 0.78, diagnostic specificity – 69%, diagnostic sensitivity – 81%. Thus, changes in CEM in children with CAP aged 14 – 18 years have been established. Two methods for predicting disorders of CEM in children with CAP have been developed, which can be applied to optimize the treatment of children with CAP aged 14-18 years

Durability and its importance in formation lifecycle costume materials for modern garment

В даній статті представлено узагальнення методів дослідження показників зносостійкості матеріалів для виготовлення жакету жіночого шляхом систематизації факторів та критеріїв зношування. Також поставлено проблему підвищення зносостійкості та покращення експлуатаційних властивостей жіночого жакету конструктивним та технологічним шляхом з врахуванням якісних характеристик наявних матеріалів, з метою продовження життєвого циклу виробу.In given article are presented recommendations on use fabric in production of the cloth with choice of the optimum forms of the separate details and nodes of the product, with account different wearing factor. The Offers were designed on base of the analysis problem-solving area feminine toad, as well as studies of the qualitative features of the modern fabric for a suit assortment. In this article the problem of research of methods of increase of wearproofness, and also decisions of tasks, is put in relation to the increase of operating properties of wares due to the use of decorations elements. The methods of treatment of basic knots taking into account quality descriptions of existent materials on the basis of index of wearproofness are offered

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Background. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is common in acute leukemia patients. The study of ED can provide more information about pathological processes in lungs of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of the study is to assess the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its prognostic value for pulmonary complications in children with ALL. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children. The level of VEGF-A in serum was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Pulmonary complications were common in the examined children with ALL, among them: аcute bronchitis (23), recurrent episodes of acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (18), wheezing (9), bronchial asthma (3), interstitial pneumonia (1), pleurisy (1), pneumothorax (3), lung fibrosis (2), respiratory failure (6). The frequency of pulmonary complications was 82.5 % during chemotherapy protocols and 20.0 % in ALL survivors after a complete course of chemotherapy. Statistically significant increase in VEGF-A level in groups 1 (180.41 (158.16; 200.00) pg/ml) and 2 (165.61 (131.65; 198.45) pg/ml) compared to controls (130.65 (129.45; 132.15) pg/ml) has been detected (p1-C = 0.000011; p2-C = 0.007009). There were no significant differences in VEGF-А levels between children from experimental groups (p1–2 = 0.338394). According to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the level of VEGF-A > 198.34 pg/ml after the complete course of chemotherapy can predict the presence of pulmonary complication in ALL survivors (area under the ROC curve 0.965; sensitivity 100.00 %; specifi­city 89.47 %). Conclusions. Children with ALL have significant ED. The level of serum VEGF-A can be predictive for pulmonary complications in ALL survivors

Prognosis of cellular energy metabolism shifts in adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia

Однією з найбільш тяжких форм респіраторної патології в дітей є пневмонія, що вносить істотну частку в дитячу смертність. Високий ризик хронізації бронхолегеневого процесу й інвалідизації дитини, у випадку тяжкого та ускладненого перебігу захворювання, вимагають ретельного аналізу патофізіологічних змін при позалікарняній пневмонії (ПП) у дітей. Зокрема, на часі є вивчення дизметаболічних явищ та розробка специфічних підходів щодо прогнозу розвитку таких розладів при ПП у дітей. Метою роботи є дослідження особливостей клітинно-енергетичного метаболізму (КЕМ) та розробка підходів до ранньої діагностики біоенергетичних порушень за умов позалікарняної пневмонії в дітей підліткового віку. Проведено обстеження 41 дитини віком 14-18 років із визначенням показників КЕМ, для розробки способу прогнозування розладів КЕМ при ПП було застосовано метод логістичної регресії. Визначено характеристики КЕМ у дітей, хворих на ПП. Констатовано зниження активності сукцинатдегідрогенази та збільшення значення співвідношення лактатдегідрогенази до сукцинатдегідрогенази при ПП відносно показників контрольної групи, що вказувало на пригнічення анаеробного шляху метаболізму. Запропоновано дві математичні моделі прогнозування розладів КЕМ при ПП на базі рівняння логістичної регресії. Перша математична модель складалась з анамнестичних даних, супутніх патологічних станів та характеристик клінічного перебігу ПП, при ROC-аналізі площа під кривою (AUC) становила 0.82, діагностична специфічність – 71%, діагностична чутливість – 90%. Друга модель включала в себе гематологічні показники, AUC – 0.78, діагностична специфічність – 69%, діагностична чутливість – 81%. Таким чином, установлено наявність зрушення КЕМ при ПП у дітей віком 14-18 років, розроблено два способи прогнозування розладів КЕМ при ПП у дітей, що може бути застосовано для вдосконалення медичної допомоги підліткам із урахуванням індивідуальних особливостей організму. Pneumonia is one of the most severe respiratory pathology forms in children, which contributes significantly to infant mortality. The high risk of chronic bronchopulmonary process and child`s disability, in case of severe and complicated disease, requires careful pathophysiological change's analysis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. In particular, for the prediction of these disorders in children with CAP are important the dysmetabolic phenomena study and the specific approaches development. The immediate aim of this work is to study the cellular energy metabolism (CEM) features and to develop approaches for the early bioenergetic disorders diagnostics in conditions of community-acquired pneumonia in adolescents.The aim of the study is to develop approaches for the early diagnosis of shifts in energy metabolism in children aged 14-18 years with CAP. An examination of 41 children aged 14-16 years with the definition of CEM indicators was conducted in order to develop an approach for predicting CEM disorders in communityacquired pneumonia using the method of logistic regression. A logistic regression method was used to develop a method for predicting CEM disorders in children with CAP. The characteristics of CEM in children with CAP were determined. A decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity and an increase in the lactate dehydrogenase / succinate dehydrogenase ratio in children with CAP relative to the reference parameters were observed, which indicated an inhibition of the anaerobic energy synthesis pathway. Two mathematical models for predicting CEM disorders in CAP based on logistic regression equations were proposed. The first mathematical model consisted of social and health characteristics and of pneumonia clinical course characteristics. In ROC analysis the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82, diagnostic specificity – 71%, diagnostic sensitivity – 90%. The second model included only hematological parameters, AUC – 0.78, diagnostic specificity – 69%, diagnostic sensitivity – 81%. Thus, changes in CEM in children with CAP aged 14 – 18 years have been established. Two methods for predicting disorders of CEM in children with CAP have been developed, which can be applied to optimize the treatment of children with CAP aged 14-18 years

Spectroscopy of high proper motion stars in the ground--based UV

Based on high quality spectral data (spectral resolution R>60000) within the wavelength range of 3550-5000 AA we determined main parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulent velocity, and chemical element abundances including heavy metals from Sr to Dy) for 14 metal-deficient G-K stars with large proper motions. The stars we studied have a wide range of metallicity: [Fe/H]=-0.3 \div -2.9. Abundances of Mg, Al, Sr and Ba were calculated with non-LTE line-formation effects accounted for. Abundances both of the radioactive element Th and r-process element Eu were determined using synthetic spectrum calculations. We selected stars that belong to different galactic populations according to the kinematical criterion and parameters determined by us. We found that the studied stars with large proper motions refer to different components of the Galaxy: thin, thick disks and halo. The chemical composition of the star BD+80 245 located far from the galactic plane agrees with its belonging to the accreted halo. For the giant HD115444 we obtained [Fe/H]=-2.91, underabundance of Mn, overabundance of heavy metals from Ba to Dy, and, especially high excess of the r-process element Europium: [Eu/Fe]=+1.26. Contrary to its chemical composition typical for halo stars, HD115444 belongs to the disc population according to its kinematic parameters.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, "UV Universe-2010 (2nd NUVA Symposium) conference

Relationship between the Velocity Ellipsoids of Galactic-Disk Stars and their Ages and Metallicities

The dependences of the velocity ellipsoids of F-G stars of the thin disk of the Galaxy on their ages and metallicities are analyzed based on the new version of the Geneva-Copenhagen Catalog. The age dependences of the major, middle, and minor axes of the ellipsoids, and also of the dispersion of the total residual veltocity, obey power laws with indices 0.25,0.29,0.32, and 0.27 (with uncertainties \pm 0.02). Due to the presence of thick-disk objects, the analogous indices for all nearby stars are about a factor of 1.5 larger. Attempts to explain such values are usually based on modeling relaxation processes in the Galactic disk. With increasing age, the velocity ellipsoid increases in size and becomes appreciably more spherical, turns toward the direction of the Galactic center, and loses angular momentum. The shape of the velocity ellipsoid remains far from equilibrium. With increasing metallicity, the velocity ellipsoid for stars of mixed age increases in size, displays a weak tendency to become more spherical, and turns toward the direction of the Galactic center (with these changes occurring substantially more rapidly in the transition through the metallicity [Fe/H]= -0.25). Thus, the ellipsoid changes similarly to the way it does with age; however, with decreasing metallicity, the rotational velocity about the Galactic center monotonically increases, rather than decreases(!). Moreover, the power-law indices for the age dependences of the axes depend on the metallicity, and display a maximum near [Fe/H]=-0.1. The age dependences of all the velocity-ellipsoid parameters for stars with equal metallicity are roughly the same. It is proposed that the appearance of a metallicity dependence of the velocity ellipsoids for thin-disk stars is most likely due to the radial migration of stars.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted 2009, Astronomy Reports, Vol. 53 No. 9, P.785-80

The Age-Metallicity Relation in the Thin Disk of the Galaxy

HST trigonometric distances, photometric metallicities, isochronic ages from the second revised version of the Geneva--Copenhagen survey, and uniform spectroscopic Fe and Mg abundances from our master catalog are used to construct and analyze the age--metallicity and age-relative Mg abundance relations for stars of the thin disk. The influences of selection effects are discussed in detail. It is demonstrated that the radial migration of stars does not lead to appreciable distortions in the age dependence of the metallicity. During the first several billion years of the formation of the thin disk, the interstellar material in this disk was, on average, fairly rich in heavy elements ( ~-0.2) and poorly mixed. However, the metallicity dispersion continuously decreased with age, from \sigma_{[Fe/H]}~0.22 to ~0.13. All this time, the mean relative abundance of Mg was somewhat higher than the solar value (~0.1). Roughly four to five billion years ago, the mean metallicity began to systematically increase, while retaining the same dispersion; the mean relative Mg abundance began to decrease immediately following this. The number of stars in this subsystem increased sharply at the same time. These properties suggest that the star-formation rate was low in the initial stage of formation of the thin disk, but abruptly increased about four to five billion years ago.Comment: 16 page, 7 figures, accepted 2011, Astron. Rep., v.55, No.8, p.667-68

Diffusion of Si and Ge dimers on Ge (001) surfaces

We have studied the various diffusion pathways of Si and Ge dimers on the Ge (001) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy. The adsorbed dimers can be classified into two categories: Dimers adsorbed on top of the substrate rows and dimers adsorbed in the troughs between the substrate rows. There are three different diffusion pathways for the dimers: Along the substrate rows, across the substrate rows, and in the troughs between the substrate rows. The activation barriers for diffusion of these three pathways have been determined for both Ge and Si dimers on Ge (001). The barriers for dimer diffusion of the system Ge/Ge (001) are slightly lower than for the Si/Ge (001) system. As compared to Si on Si (001) the activation barriers for dimer diffusion on Ge (001) are significantly lowe

Rotation of Ge ad-dimers on Ge(0 0 1)

Structural calculations of the Ge ad-dimer rotation on Ge(0 0 1)-2×1 and Ge(0 0 1)-c(4×2) surfaces were performed by ab initio and semiempirical methods. Besides the two (already known) stable adsorption sites on top of the substrate dimer rows (angles between substrate dimer bond and ad-dimer bond are 0° and 90°, respectively) a new local minimum was found. The angle between the substrate dimer bond and the ad-dimer of this local minimum is about 45°. This theoretical result might explain the observation of the so-called A/B Ge ad-dimers on Ge(0 0 1)