Long-Ranged Correlations in Sheared Fluids

The presence of long-ranged correlations in a fluid undergoing uniform shear flow is investigated. An exact relation between the density autocorrelation function and the density-mometum correlation function implies that the former must decay more rapidly than $1/r$, in contrast to predictions of simple mode coupling theory. Analytic and numerical evaluation of a non-perturbative mode-coupling model confirms a crossover from $1/r$ behavior at ''small'' $r$ to a stronger asymptotic power-law decay. The characteristic length scale is $\ell \approx \sqrt{\lambda_{0}/a}$ where $$ is the sound damping constant and $a$ is the shear rate.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to PR

Withdrawal of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients exhibiting immunological response to HAART

BACKGROUND: Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV retinitis was a common complication in patients with advanced HIV disease and the therapy was well established; it consisted of an induction phase to control the infection with ganciclovir, followed by a lifelong maintenance phase to avoid or delay relapses. METHODS: To determine the safety of CMV maintenance therapy withdrawal in patients with immune recovery after HAART, 35 patients with treated CMV retinitis, on maintenance therapy, with CD4+ cell count greater than 100 cells/mm³ for at least three months, but almost all patients presented these values for more than six months and viral load < 30000 copies/mL, were prospectively evaluated for the recurrence of CMV disease. Maintenance therapy was withdrawal at inclusion, and patients were monitored for at least 48 weeks by clinical and ophthalmologic evaluations, and by determination of CMV viremia markers (antigenemia-pp65), CD4+/CD8+ counts and plasma HIV RNA levels. Lymphoproliferative assays were performed on 26/35 patients. RESULTS: From 35 patients included, only one had confirmed reactivation of CMV retinitis, at day 120 of follow-up. No patient returned positive antigenemia tests. No correlation between lymphoproliferative assays and CD4+ counts was observed. CONCLUSION: CMV retinitis maintenance therapy discontinuation is safe for those patients with quantitative immune recovery after HAART

Consumo, digestibilidade aparente, produção e composição do leite e variáveis ruminais em vacas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar Intake, apparent digestibility, milk production and composition and ruminal variables of dairy cows fed sugar cane based diets

Doze vacas da raça Holandesa, puras e mestiças, foram distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, a produção e composição do leite, o pH e a amônia ruminais. As dietas foram constituídas à base de silagem de milho (SM) (AG 1051) com relação volumoso:concentrado (V:C) de 60:40, com base na matéria seca (MS), ou à base de cana-de-açúcar (CA) (RB 855536) com relação V:C de 60:40, com 0,35 ou 1% da mistura uréia+sulfato de amônio (SA) ou V:C de 50:50 com 1% de uréia+SA. O consumo de MS foi de 17,8; 14,9; 14,4 e 15,8 kg/dia, para as dietas, respectivamente. O maior consumo de MS resultou, também, em maior consumo de nutrientes para a dieta à base de SM, com exceção dos carboidratos não-fibrosos, em que se verificou maior consumo para a dieta com CA com 50% de concentrado. A produção de leite (PL) foi maior para a dieta à base de SM, não havendo diferença na PL entre as dietas contendo CA, sendo de 22,0; 19,0; 18,6 e 20,1 kg/dia e a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura foi de 23,0; 19,7; 19,4 e 21,3 kg/dia para as dietas SM, CA 0,35%, CA 1%, CA 1% 50:50, respectivamente. Em relação à composição do leite, não foram encontradas diferenças entre as dietas. Os teores de gordura foram de 3,8, 3,8, 3,8 e 3,9% para as dietas, respectivamente. Não foram verificadas diferenças quanto à digestibilidade aparente da MS, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e carboidratos totais entre as dietas. A digestibilidade aparente da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi maior para a dieta contendo SM (47%). Não houve diferença na digestibilidade da FDN, entre as diferentes dietas com CA, 32, 31 e 31%, respectivamente. Dentro de cada tempo (antes e três horas após a alimentação matinal), não houve diferença nos valores de pH e compostos nitrogenados amoniacais (N-NH3) entre as dietas.<br>Twelve purebred and crossbred Holstein cows were allotted to three 4 x 4 Latin Squares to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, milk production and composition, ruminal pH and ammonia. The experimental diets were based on corn silage (CS) (AG 1051) with forage:concentrate ratio (F:C) of 60:40, in dry matter (DM) basis, or based on sugar cane (SC) (RB 855536) with F:C of 60:40 with .35 or 1% of urea+ammonium sulfate (AS) mixture or F:C of 50:50 with 1% of urea+AS. DM intake was 17.8, 14.9, 14.4, and 15.8 kg/day, for the diets, respectively. DM intake was higher, resulting in greater nutrient intake for CS based diet, except for the non fiber carbohydrates intake, which showed higher intake for SC based diet with 50% concentrate. Milk production (MP) was higher for the CS based diet, with no difference in MP among the SC based diets, with mean values of 22.0, 19.0, 18.6, and 20.1 kg/day and the 3.5% fat corrected milk production was 23.0, 19.7, 19.4, and 21.3 kg/day for the CS, SC .35%, SC 1% and SC 1% 50:50, respectively. Milk composition was not different among the experimental diets and milk fat contents were 3.8, 3.8, 3.8, and 3.9% for the CS, SC .35%, SC 1% and SC 1% 50:50, respectively. No difference on apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and total carbohydrates among the diets was observed. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility was higher for the CS based diet (47). There was no difference in NDF digestibility among SC based diets, 32, 31 and 31%, respectively. Inside each time (before and three hours after the morning feeding) there was no difference of pH values and amonia nitrogen compounds (N-NH3) among the diets