Patient Mistreatment and New Nurse Adjustment: The Role of Rumination and Work Engagement

During organizational entry, newcomers often draw upon internal resources like coworkers and supervisors to navigate their roles. Could external interactions with customers or patients hold the key to newcomer adjustment in certain job contexts? Our study, rooted in the conservation of resources theory, identifies a critical link between mistreatment from external parties and newcomer adjustment – a connection that is explained by rumination and work engagement. Through two studies involving new nurses in China (Study 1: Four-wave cross-lagged panel design, N = 181; Study 2: Four-wave time-lagged design, N = 198), we uncover that mistreatment from patients results in rumination among newcomers, leading to diminished task mastery and role clarity, as mediated by reduced work engagement. This ripple effect of external mistreatment persists even when accounting for internal mistreatment (abusive supervision and coworker incivility). Our results illustrate how negative interactions with external entities can hinder newcomer adjustment – a revelation with far-reaching implications for practitioners and future research

B→KπB \to K\pi decays and the weak phase angle γ\gamma

The large branching ratios for $B \to K\pi$ decays as observed by the CLEO Collaboration indicate that penguin interactions contribute a major part to the decay rates and provide an interference between the Cabibbo-suppressed tree and penguin contributions resulting in a CP-asymmetry between the $B \to K\pi$ and its charge conjugate mode. The CP-averaged decay rates depend also on the weak phase $\gamma$ and give us a determination of this phase. In this talk, I would like to report on a recent analysis of $B \to K\pi$ decays using factorisation model with final state interaction phase shift included. We find that factorisation seems to describe qualitatively the latest CLEO data. We also obtain a relation for the branching ratios independent of the strength of the strong penguin interactions. This relation gives a central value of $0.60 \times 10^{-5}$ for ${\mathcal B}(\bar{B}^{0} \to \bar{K}^{0}\pi^{0})$, somewhat smaller than the latest CLEO measurement. We also find that a ratio obtained from the CP-averaged $B \to K\pi$ decay rates could be used to test the factorisation model and to determine the weak angle $\gamma$ with more precise data, though the latest CLEO data seem to favor $\gamma$ in the range $90^{\circ}-120^{\circ}$.Comment: Talk given at the QCD Euroconference 00, Montpellier 6-12 July 2000, 10 pages,4 figure

The Riddle of Polarization in B→VVB \to VV Transitions

Measurements of polarization fractions in $B \to VV$ transitions, with $V$ a light vector meson, show that the longitudinal amplitude dominates in $B^0 \to \rho^+ \rho^-$, $B^+ \to \rho^+ \rho^0$, and $B^+ \to \rho^0 K^{*+}$ decays and not in the penguin induced decays $B^0 \to \phi K^{*0}$, $B^+ \to \phi K^{*+}$. We study the effect of rescattering mediated by charmed resonances, finding that in $B \to \phi K^*$ it can be responsible of the suppression of the longitudinal amplitude. For the decay $B \to \rho K^*$ we find that the longitudinal fraction cannot be too large without invoking new effects.Comment: LaTex, 14 pages, 3 figure

Non-factorizable Contributions to B→ππB \to \pi\pi Decays

We investigate to what extent the experimental information on $B \to \pi\pi$ branching fractions and CP asymmetries can be used to better understand the QCD dynamics in these decays. For this purpose we decompose the independent isospin amplitudes into factorizable and non-factorizable contributions. The former can be estimated within the framework of QCD factorization for exclusive $B$ decays. The latter vanish in the heavy-quark limit, $m_b \to \infty$, and are treated as unknown hadronic parameters. We discuss at some length in which way the non-factorizable contributions are treated in different theoretical and phenomenological frameworks. We point out the potential differences between the phenomenological treatment of power-corrections in the ``BBNS approach'', and the appearance of power -suppressed operators in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). On that basis we define a handful of different (but generic) scenarios where the non-factorizable part of isospin amplitudes is parametrized in terms of three or four unknowns, which can be constrained by data. We also give some short discussion on the implications of our analysis for $B \to \pi K$ decays. In particular, since non-factorizable QCD effects in $B \to \pi \pi$ may be large, we cannot exclude sizeable non-factorizable effects, which violate $SU(3)_F$ flavour symmetry, or even isospin symmetry (via long-distance QED effects). This may help to explain certain puzzles in connection with isospin-violating observables in $B \to \pi K$ decays.Comment: published version, minor correction

B -> K1 gamma and tests of factorization for two-body non leptonic Bdecays with axial-vector mesons

The large branching ratio for B-> K1 gamma recently measured at Belle implies a large B -> K1 transition form factor and large branching ratios for non leptonic B decays involving an axial-vector meson. In this paper we present an analysis of two-body B decays with an axial-vector meson in the final state using naive factorization and the B -> K1 form factors obtained from the measured radiative decays. We find that the predicted B -> J/psi K1 branching ratio is in agreement with experiment. We also suggest that the decay rates of B -> K1 pi, B -> a1 K and B -> b1 K could be used to test the factorization ansatz.Comment: 8 pages; 7 new references included and a comment on K2(1430) in the final state adde

Hadronic Charmed Meson Decays Involving Axial Vector Mesons

Cabibbo-allowed charmed meson decays into a pseudoscalar meson and an axial-vector meson are studied. The charm to axial-vector meson transition form factors are evaluated in the Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise quark model. The dipole momentum dependence of the $D\to K$ transition form factor and the presence of a sizable long-distance $W$-exchange are the two key ingredients for understanding the data of $D\to \bar Ka_1$. The $K_{1A}-K_{1B}$ mixing angle of the strange axial-vector mesons is found to be $\approx \pm37^\circ$ or $\pm58^\circ$ from $\tau\to K_1\nu_\tau$ decays. The study of $D\to K_1(1270)\pi, K_1(1400)\pi$ decays excludes the positive mixing-angle solutions. It is pointed out that an observation of the decay $D^0\to K_1^-(1400)\pi^+$ at the level of $5\times 10^{-4}$ will rule out $\theta\approx -37^\circ$ and favor the solution $\theta\approx -58^\circ$. Though the decays $D^0\to \bar K_1^0\pi^0$ are color suppressed, they are comparable to and even larger than the color-allowed counterparts: $\bar K_1^0(1270)\pi^0\sim K_1^-(1270)\pi^+$ and $\bar K_1^0(1400)\pi^0> K_1^-(1400)\pi^+$. The finite width effect of the axial-vector resonance is examined. It becomes important for $a_1(1260)$ in particular when its width is near 600 MeV.Comment: 19 page

Nonfactorizable contributions in B decays to charmonium: the case of B−→K−hcB^- \to K^- h_c

Nonleptonic $B$ to charmonium decays generally show deviations from the factorization predictions. For example, the mode $B^- \to K^- \chi_{c0}$ has been experimentally observed with sizeable branching fraction while its factorized amplitude vanishes. We investigate the role of rescattering effects mediated by intermediate charmed meson production in this class of decay modes, and consider $B^- \to K^- h_c$ with $h_c$ the $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$ $\bar c c$ meson. Using an effective lagrangian describing interactions of pairs of heavy-light $Q{\bar q}$ mesons with a quarkonium state, we relate this mode to the analogous mode with $\chi_{c0}$ in the final state. We find ${\cal B}(B^- \to K^- h_c)$ large enough to be measured at the $B$ factories, so that this decay mode could be used to study the poorly known $h_c$.Comment: RevTex, 16 pages, 2 eps figure

B→χc0,2KB \to \chi_{c0,2} K decays: a model estimation

In this paper, we investigate the vertex corrections and spectator hard scattering contributions to $B \to \chi_{c0,2}K$ decays, which has no leading contribution from naive factorization scheme. A non-zero binding energy $b=2m_c-M$ is introduced to regularize the infrared divergence of the vertex part. The spectator diagrams also contain logarithmic and linear infrared divergences, for which we adopt a model dependent parametrization. If we neglect possible strong phases in the hard spectator contributions, we obtain a too small branching ratio for $\chi_{c0}K$ while too large one for $\chi_{c2}K$, as can be seen from the ratio of the branching ratio of $B^+ \to \chi_{c2}K^+$ to that of $B^+ \to \chi_{c0} K^+$, which is predicted to be $2.15^{+0.63}_{-0.76}$ in our model, while experimentally it should be about 0.1 or even smaller. But a closer examination shows that, assuming large strong phases difference between the twist-2 and twist-3 spectator terms, together with a slightly larger spectator infrared cutoff parameter $\Lambda_h$, it is possible to accommodate the experimental data. This shows that, for $B\to \chi_{c0,2}K$ decays with no factorizable contributions, QCDF seems capable of producing decay rates close to experiments, in contrast to the $B\to J/\psi K$ decay which is dominated by the factorizable contributions.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, the version to appear in PL

The CP violating asymmetry in B±→MMˉπ±B^{\pm} \to M {\bar M} \pi^{\pm} decays

We analyze the asymmetry in the partial widths for the decays $B^{\pm} \to M {\bar M} \pi^{\pm}$ ($M = \pi^+, K ^+, \pi^0, \eta$), which results from the interference of the nonresonant decay amplitude with the resonant amplitude for $B^{\pm} \to \chi_{c0} \pi^{\pm}$ followed by the decay $\chi_{c0} \to M {\bar M}$. The CP violating phase $\gamma$ can be extracted from the measured asymmetry. We find that the partial width asymmetry for $B^\pm \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^\pm$ is about $0.33~sin \gamma$, and about $0.45~ sin \gamma$ for $B^\pm \to K^+ K^-\pi^\pm$, while it is somewhat smaller for $B^\pm \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \pi^\pm$ and $B^\pm \to \eta \eta \pi^\pm$. Potential sources of uncertainties in these results, primarily coming from poorly known input parameters, are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 1 figure, submitted to Phis. Lett.

Final state interactions in the decay B0→ηcK∗B^0 \to \eta_c K^*

In this article, we study the final-state rescattering effects in the decay $B^0 \to \eta_cK^*$, the numerical results indicate the corrections are comparable with the contribution from the naive factorizable amplitude, and the total amplitudes can accommodate the experimental data.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, revised version, to appear in EPJ