In vitro interaction of influenza virus a(H1N1)pdm09 with monocytic macrophages: Individual responses of TLR7 and RIG1 receptor genes

In vitro differentiation of donor blood monocytes to macrophages (Mph) following GM-CSF treatment was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of gene transcription signaling receptors TLR7 or RIG1. The levels of intracellular viral RNA (M1 gene) in Mph remained high upon infection by influenza virus A H1N1pdm (Moscow 2009) for 24-96 hours. The innate immunity reactions caused by influenza virus show individual features: they are decreased in Mph from donor 1 which had initially high level of endosomal TLR7 gene activity, and it increased by influenza virus in MPh from donor 2 who had a very low level of TLR7 gene expression. The influenza H1N1pdm virus weakly stimulated expression of gene RIG1 and production of inflammatory cytokines in Mf in donor 1. The differences may be connected with individual sensitivity of the donors to influenza infection

Comparative characteristics of the development of influenza infection in macrophages differentiated from monocytes of thp-1 (influenza a viruses of subtypes H1, H5 and H9)

Macrophages (Mf) play an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza infection, but the obtaining of Mf in large quantities is difficult. In connection with this, in the present study, THP-1 monocytes differentiated by phorbol ether (PMA) into macrophages (MF) were used to study influenza infection. Differentiated cells - THP-PMA Mf were infected with pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 and avian influenza A viruses H5N2 and H9N2. Differences in the levels of penetration of viral RNA (gene M1) and nucleocapsid (NP) proteins of the investigated viruses were found. The levels of expression of viral RNA and proteins were significantly higher in cells infected with avian viruses compared to pandemic viruses. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of prolonged intracellular presence of viral RNAs and nuclear localization of NP protein. However, no infectious or haemagglutinating activity of the virus of all subtypes studied in the culture liquid was detected up to 96 h. This indicates the abortive nature of influenza infection in THP-PMA Mf. Thus, MF performs a special function of depositing viral components and delivering them to the sites of inflammation. The blocking mechanism in human and avian influenza A viruses with different pathogenicity may differ, due to the existence of multiple mechanisms of escape from the immune response. As a result of infection with the human virus A(H1N1)pdm09, the infection developed slowly and caused death of 25% of the cells by 72 h, whereas in the case of infection with avian viruses, 50% of the cells died after 24 hours and by 72 h all the THP-PMA MF died. Preprocessing with recombinant IFNα2b had a protective effect, suppressing the accumulation of the NP protein of the A/H5N2 virus in the THP-PMA Mf nuclei. The obtained data allow us to conclude that one of the reasons for the different course and outcome of influenza infection in human infection with influenza A viruses is the sensitivity of human macrophages to avian influenza viruses of subtypes H5 and H9 as compared to the pandemic virus. Our result on the THP-PMA Mf model is consistent with reports on the blocking of the stages of the release of infectious influenza A virions in primary cultures of monocytic and alveolar MF. Massive death of MF caused by avian influenza viruses explains their high pathogenicity. © 2018 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved

Iron therapy for iron-deficiency anemia and pelvic inflammatory disease

Iron therapy for iron-deficiency anemia and pelvic inflammatory disease Z.B. Khaiatova1, N.B. Abdukadirova2, A.V. Yakimova1, L.A. Shpagina1, T.M. Sokolova1 1Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Aim: To assess the efficacy of two-step treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Patients and Methods: 320 women with iron-deficiency anemia and pelvic inflammatory disease were subdivided into two groups depending on the treatment. Group I included 160 women who received traditional therapy, i.e., complex treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease plus Tardyferon® for iron-deficiency anemia. Group II included 160 women who received stepwise treatment. Step 1 was complex treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease only. After the inflammation has reduced and iron-deficiency anemia was verified, the patients were prescribed (on average, after 12.2±1.1 days) with Tardyferon® (step 2). Results: Serum tests have demonstrated that these women are characterized by high activity of free radical processes which illustrate active inflammation. After 10 days of the treatment, the ratio of pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities was significantly less in group I than in group II. Moreover, in group I this ratio has significantly increased. In group I, the result of the treatment was increased pro-oxidant potential. Reduced serum antioxidant activity has resulted in the oxidative stress. After 30 days, average hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum ferritin in group II women with iron-deficiency anemia (both stage 1 and 2) were significantly higher than in group I women. Despite complex anti-inflammatory treatment for PID, vaginitis was diagnosed in 20.6% (n=33) in group I. Conclusions: Two-step treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in women with PID using Tardyferon® is highly effective which is illustrated by the normalization of ferrokinetic parameters, decrease in pro-oxidant activity, less common (by 3.1 times) inflammatory signs, and less common (by 2.1 times) iron deficiency signs. Keywords: iron-deficiency anemia, ferritin, pelvic inflammatory disease. For citation: Khaiatova Z.B., Abdukadirova N.B.,Yakimova A.V. et al. Iron therapy for iron-deficiency anemia and pelvic inflammatory disease. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(2):108–112.<br

Sports in life of students with disabilities: Individual trajectories of physical abilities development

The socio-economic transformations taking place in Russia have affected all segments of the population, including students with disabilities. Improving living conditions for the disabled, as one of the most vulnerable members of the population in social terms, is one of the priorities. One of the main ways to socialize students with disabilities in modern society is to involve them in sports activities. This article is devoted to identifying the features of sports' influence on the social adaptation of students with disabilities. As a research method, authors used a questionnaire survey as a method of collecting primary information, which allowed them to identify the features of individual trajectories in sports for students with disabilities. The article describes the attitude of students with disabilities to individual sports trajectories. The methods of social adaptation of students with disabilities by involving them in sports are revealed. It is proved that the main tools for involving students with disabilities in sports are state programs and rehabilitation organizations. For the first time, it was determined that the majority of disabled students did not engage in sports for a long time. It is proved that the lack of involvement of students with disabilities in sports life is due, from their point of view to a number of reasons: their lack of awareness of existing sports organizations and sections; poor equipment of existing halls and their poor attendance by other people; underdevelopment of the system of sports institutions for the disabled. For the first time, it was revealed that the main idea in the issue of innovation in relation to the involvement of students with disabilities in sports life was the creation of sports clubs and sports events, as well as the active involvement of disabled people in sports activities. The problems of introducing individual trajectories for the development of physical abilities of students with disabilities are considered. It is shown that the main problem is the lack of funding for adaptive sports and events for students with disabilities

CREATIVE COMPONENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A UNIVERSITY TEACHER

The creative potential of a teacher's personality has a huge impact on high-quality specialist training, implementing the strategic line of teaching creativity with creativity when shaping the student's readiness for constant search in informational and educational space. The body of knowledge and the requirements for it do not determine the essence of the teaching profession. A particular feature of this profession is that it has an impact on the entire lifestyle of the teacher in terms of its regime, working conditions, format and didactic form of communication with students, as well as emotional and volitional load. Moreover, teaching activities are more personality-centered than other professions and, therefore, personal qualities of the teacher play a significant role in achieving professional success. Pedagogical work is and will be creative because students, circumstances and the personality of the teacher are unique; thus, any pedagogical decision should come from these constant nonstandard factors. A teacher can only educate the way they were educated and do it as long as they work on their development, education and improvement of their pedagogical excellence. Pedagogical activity is one of the most difficult areas of human labor. Even the most profound knowledge of the subject is not enough for the successful performance of work. The work of a teacher is not a craft, but an art that requires from them great knowledge, high culture and pedagogical excellence

Statistical Evidence Suggests that Inattention Drives Hyperactivity/Impulsivity in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder

BACKGROUND: Numerous factor analytic studies consistently support a distinction between two symptom domains of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Both dimensions show high internal consistency and moderate to strong correlations with each other. However, it is not clear what drives this strong correlation. The aim of this paper is to address this issue. METHOD: We applied a sophisticated approach for causal discovery on three independent data sets of scores of the two ADHD dimensions in NeuroIMAGE (total N = 675), ADHD-200 (N = 245), and IMpACT (N = 164), assessed by different raters and instruments, and further used information on gender or a genetic risk haplotype. RESULTS: In all data sets we found strong statistical evidence for the same pattern: the clear dependence between hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom level and an established genetic factor (either gender or risk haplotype) vanishes when one conditions upon inattention symptom level. Under reasonable assumptions, e.g., that phenotypes do not cause genotypes, a causal model that is consistent with this pattern contains a causal path from inattention to hyperactivity/impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS: The robust dependency cancellation observed in three different data sets suggests that inattention is a driving factor for hyperactivity/impulsivity. This causal hypothesis can be further validated in intervention studies. Our model suggests that interventions that affect inattention will also have an effect on the level of hyperactivity/impulsivity. On the other hand, interventions that affect hyperactivity/impulsivity would not change the level of inattention. This causal model may explain earlier findings on heritable factors causing ADHD reported in the study of twins with learning difficulties

Structural and functional MRI of altered brain development in a novel adolescent rat model of quinpirole-induced compulsive checking behavior

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