Star clusters near and far; tracing star formation across cosmic time

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00690-x.Star clusters are fundamental units of stellar feedback and unique tracers of their host galactic properties. In this review, we will first focus on their constituents, i.e.\ detailed insight into their stellar populations and their surrounding ionised, warm, neutral, and molecular gas. We, then, move beyond the Local Group to review star cluster populations at various evolutionary stages, and in diverse galactic environmental conditions accessible in the local Universe. At high redshift, where conditions for cluster formation and evolution are more extreme, we are only able to observe the integrated light of a handful of objects that we believe will become globular clusters. We therefore discuss how numerical and analytical methods, informed by the observed properties of cluster populations in the local Universe, are used to develop sophisticated simulations potentially capable of disentangling the genetic map of galaxy formation and assembly that is carried by globular cluster populations.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Speculative Praxis Towards a Queer Feminist Digital Archive: a Collobarative Research-Creation Project

29 pagesThis essay, written as a collaborative process document, chronicles some of the challenges of creating digital spaces that can house and encourage trans- feminist and queer affective and cultural archives. Here, we imagine a digital archive that will animate the artistic, cultural, social, political, sexual, knowledge and subject experiments and possibilities opened up, and foreclosed, by a phenomenon like Meow Mix—the Montreal-based cabaret for “bent girls and their buddies”—while foregrounding the ethical and technological contradictions that characterize the digitizing process. Pursuing concerns of labour, preservation, design, and subcultural politics and aesthetics as essential to the digitizing process, we reproduce the interrupted, reflexive flow of this research-creation project

HIGH TRANSVERSE ENERGY HADRONIC COLLISIONS AT 400 GeV/c E557 Collaboration - Fermilab, Illinois (UICC), Indiana, Maryland, Rutgers

No abstract availabl

Temporal differences in the expression of messenger-RNA for IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the brains and spleens of C57BL/10 mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii

C57BL/10 Sc Sn (B10) mice infected orally with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts were killed at regular intervals up to day 116 post infection (p.i.) and their brains excised. These were used either to count the total number of cysts in the brain, for RNA purification or histopathological studies. Mortality levels in a parallel group of T. gondii infected B10 mice were also monitored and regular plasma samples taken to measure specific antibody production. Seventy per cent of mice died within the first 35 days of infection. Thereafter deaths were infrequent. Inflammation in the brain was apparent from day 10 onwards and by day 25 there was widespread astrocyte activation, perivascular cuffing, meningitis and extensive encephalitis. Total cyst numbers increased rapidly from day 15 to day 35 when they peaked. By day 60, however, cyst numbers had dropped dramatically and this decrease continued through to day 116. Using the polymerase chain reaction mRNA transcripts for IFN-gamma were detected from the first time point sampled, day 25 p.i., until the end of the study. Transcripts for IL-10, an inhibitor of IFN-gamma production, release and activity, were not detected until day 70. The predominant antibody detected against T. gondii was IgG2a but not IgG1. Significantly transcripts for IFN-gamma were found in the spleens of infected but not non-infected animals. Our results suggest that an inflammatory response associated with IFN-gamma production in B10 mice eventually controls T. gondii infection. After the cyst burden has dropped dramatically transcripts for IL-10 are detected in the brain, perhaps to suppress inflammation, and limit pathology