2,067 research outputs found
Measuring the to Ratio in a High Statistics Atmospheric Neutrino Experiment
By exploiting differences in muon lifetimes it is possible to distinguish
from charged current interactions in underground
neutrino detectors. Such observations would be a useful tool in understanding
the source of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly.Comment: 6 pages no figure
Robot mapping and localisation in metal water pipes using hydrophone induced vibration and map alignment by dynamic time warping
Water is a highly valuable resource so asset management of associated infrastructure is of critical importance. Water distribution pipe networks are usually buried, and so are difficult to access. Robots are therefore appealing for performing inspection and detecting damage to target repairs. However, robot mapping and localisation of buried water pipes has not been widely investigated to date, and is challenging because pipes tend to be relatively featureless. In this paper we propose a mapping and localisation algorithm for metal water pipes with two key novelties: the development of a new type of map based on hydrophone induced vibration signals of metal pipes, and a mapping algorithm based on spatial warping and averaging of dead reckoning signals used to calibrate the map (using dynamic time warping). Localisation is performed using both terrain-based extended Kalman filtering and also particle filtering. We successfully demonstrate and evaluate the approach on a combination of experimental and simulation data, showing improved localisation compared to dead reckoning
The Conformal Willmore Functional: a Perturbative Approach
The conformal Willmore functional (which is conformal invariant in general
Riemannian manifold ) is studied with a perturbative method: the
Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Existence of critical points is shown in ambient
manifolds -where is a metric close
and asymptotic to the euclidean one. With the same technique a non existence
result is proved in general Riemannian manifolds of dimension three.Comment: 34 pages; Journal of Geometric Analysis, on line first 23 September
201
Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)
Solid-state voltammetric (micro)electrodes have been used in a variety of environments to study biogeochemical processes. Here we show the wealth of information that has been obtained in the study of sediments, microbial mats, cultures and the water column including hydrothermal vents. Voltammetric analyzers have been developed to function with operator guidance and in unattended mode for temporal studies with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA). The electrodes can detect the presence (or absence) of a host of redox species and trace metals simultaneously. The multi-species capacity of the voltammetric electrode can be used to examine complex heterogeneous environments such as the root zone of salt marsh sediments. The data obtained with these systems clearly show that O2 and Mn2+ profiles in marine sedimentary porewaters and in microbial biofilms on metal surfaces rarely overlap indicating that O2 is not a direct oxidant for Mn2+. This lack of overlap was suggested originally by Joris Gieskes\u27 group. In waters emanating from hydrothermal vents, Fe2+, H2S and soluble molecular FeS clusters (FeSaq) are detected indicating that the reactants for the pyrite formation reaction are H2S and soluble molecular FeS clusters. Using the ISEA with electrodes at fixed positions, data collected continuously over three days near a Riftia pachyptila tubeworm field generally show that O2 and H2S anti-correlate and that H2S and temperature generally correlate. Unlike sedimentary environments, the data clearly show that Riftia live in areas where both O2 and H2S co-exist so that its endosymbiont bacteria can perform chemosynthesis. However, physical mixing of diffuse flow vent waters with oceanic bottom waters above or to the side of the tubeworm field can dampen these correlations or even reverse them. Voltammetry is a powerful technique because it provides chemical speciation data (e.g.; oxidation state and different elemental compounds/ions) as well as quantitative data. Because (micro)organisms occupy environmental niches due to the system\u27s chemistry, it is necessary to know chemical speciation. Voltammetric methods allow us to study how chemistry drives biology and how biology can affect chemistry for its own benefit
Non-Gaussianity from Inflation
Correlated adiabatic and isocurvature perturbation modes are produced during
inflation through an oscillation mechanism when extra scalar degrees of freedom
other than the inflaton field are present. We show that this correlation
generically leads to sizeable non-Gaussian features both in the adiabatic and
isocurvature perturbations. The non-Gaussianity is first generated by large
non-linearities in some scalar sector and then efficiently transferred to the
inflaton sector by the oscillation process. We compute the cosmic microwave
background angular bispectrum, providing a characteristic feature of such
inflationary non-Gaussianity,which might be detected by upcoming satellite
experiments.Comment: Revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. 19 pages,
LaTeX fil
Spatial Periodicity of Galaxy Number Counts, CMB Anisotropy, and SNIa Hubble Diagram Based on the Universe Accompanied by a Non-Minimally Coupled Scalar Field
We have succeeded in establishing a cosmological model with a non-minimally
coupled scalar field that can account not only for the spatial
periodicity or the {\it picket-fence structure} exhibited by the galaxy -
relation of the 2dF survey but also for the spatial power spectrum of the
cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) temperature anisotropy observed by
the WMAP satellite. The Hubble diagram of our model also compares well with the
observation of Type Ia supernovae. The scalar field of our model universe
starts from an extremely small value at around the nucleosynthesis epoch,
remains in that state for sufficiently long periods, allowing sufficient time
for the CMB temperature anisotropy to form, and then starts to grow in
magnitude at the redshift of , followed by a damping oscillation
which is required to reproduce the observed picket-fence structure of the
- relation. To realize such behavior of the scalar field, we have found
it necessary to introduce a new form of potential , with being a constant. Through this parameter ,
we can control the epoch at which the scalar field starts growing.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics &
Space Scienc
Relic neutrino masses and the highest energy cosmic rays
We consider the possibility that a large fraction of the ultrahigh energy
cosmic rays are decay products of Z bosons which were produced in the
scattering of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos on cosmological relic
neutrinos. We compare the observed ultrahigh energy cosmic ray spectrum with
the one predicted in the above Z-burst scenario and determine the required mass
of the heaviest relic neutrino as well as the necessary ultrahigh energy cosmic
neutrino flux via a maximum likelihood analysis. We show that the value of the
neutrino mass obtained in this way is fairly robust against variations in
presently unknown quantities, like the amount of neutrino clustering, the
universal radio background, and the extragalactic magnetic field, within their
anticipated uncertainties. Much stronger systematics arises from different
possible assumptions about the diffuse background of ordinary cosmic rays from
unresolved astrophysical sources. In the most plausible case that these
ordinary cosmic rays are protons of extragalactic origin, one is lead to a
required neutrino mass in the range 0.08 eV - 1.3 eV at the 68 % confidence
level. This range narrows down considerably if a particular universal radio
background is assumed, e.g. to 0.08 eV - 0.40 eV for a large one. The required
flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos near the resonant energy should be
detected in the near future by AMANDA, RICE, and the Pierre Auger Observatory,
otherwise the Z-burst scenario will be ruled out.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures, REVTeX
D-concurrence bounds for pair coherent states
The pair coherent state is a state of a two-mode radiation field which is
known as a state with non-Gaussian wave function. In this paper, the upper and
lower bounds for D-concurrence (a new entanglement measure) have been studied
over this state and calculated.Comment: 11 page
Escape from washing out of baryon number in a two-zero-texture general Zee model compatible with the large mixing angle MSW solution
We propose a two-zero-texture general Zee model, compatible with the large
mixing angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution. The washing out of the
baryon number does not occur in this model for an adequate parameter range. We
check the consistency of a model with the constraints coming from flavor
changing neutral current processes, the recent cosmic microwave background
observation, and the Z-burst scenario.Comment: 22 pages, 2 eps figures, Type set revtex
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