Observables suitable for restricting the fidelity to multipartite maximally entangled states

We present a class of observables which are suitable for determining the fidelity of a state to the multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. Given an expectation value of an observable belonging to the class, we give a simple formula that gives a lower bound and an upper bound for the fidelity. Applying the formula to the GHZ-state preparation experiment by Pan {\it et al}. {[Nature (London) {\bf 403}, 515 (2000)]}, we show that the observed state lies outside of the class of biseparable mixed three-qubit states. We also show that for this class of operators, adopting the principle of minimum variance {[Phys. Rev. A {\bf 60}, 4338 (1999)]} in the state estimation always results in the state with the minimum fidelity.Comment: 6 page

Communicating Josephson Qubits

We propose a scheme to implement a quantum information transfer protocol with a superconducting circuit and Josephson charge qubits. The information exchange is mediated by an L-C resonator used as a data bus. The main decoherence sources are analyzed in detail.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Is American Public Administration Detached From Historical Context?: On the Nature of Time and the Need to Understand It in Government and Its Study

The study of public administration pays little attention to history. Most publications are focused on current problems (the present) and desired solutions (the future) and are concerned mainly with organizational structure (a substantive issue) and output targets (an aggregative issue that involves measures of both individual performance and organizational productivity/services). There is much less consideration of how public administration (i.e., organization, policy, the study, etc.) unfolds over time. History, and so administrative history, is regarded as a “past” that can be recorded for its own sake but has little relevance to contemporary challenges. This view of history is the product of a diminished and anemic sense of time, resulting from organizing the past as a series of events that inexorably lead up to the present in a linear fashion. To improve the understanding of government’s role and position in society, public administration scholarship needs to reacquaint itself with the nature of time.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Measurement of B(t->Wb)/B(t->Wq) at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

We present the measurement of R = B(t->Wb)/B(t->Wq) in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV, using 230 pb-1 of data collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We fit simultaneously R and the number of selected top quark pairs (ttbar), to the number of identified b-quark jets in events with one electron or one muon, three or more jets, and high transverse energy imbalance. To improve sensitivity, kinematical properties of events with no identified b-quark jets are included in the fit. We measure R = 1.03 +0.19 -0.17 (stat+syst), in good agreement with the standard model. We set lower limits of R > 0.61 and |V_tb| > 0.78 at 95% confidence level.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Variabilidade espacial de Planossolo e produtividade de soja em várzea sistematizada: análise geoestatística e análise de regressão Spatial variability of a Planosol and soybean yield on a land-leveled paddy soil: geoestatistical and regression analysis

Atributos do solo e da planta, espacialmente definidos, contribuem para o planejamento de lavouras comerciais e a locação de experimentos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variabilidade espacial de alguns atributos físicos e químicos do solo e sua relação com a produtividade de soja em várzea sistematizada. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 2000, na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, em um Planossolo Hidromórfico distrófico típico. Uma área de 160 x 88m foi amostrada em grade de 8 x 8m, totalizando 240 pontos. A produtividade e a altura de plantas de soja e atributos químicos e físicos do solo superficial (0 a 0,15m) e subsuperficial (0,15 a 0,30m) foram avaliadas. Para os atributos edáficos da camada de solo de 0-0,15m de profundidade, que apresentaram correlação com os atributos de planta, usaram-se técnicas de geoestatística, sendo a dependência espacial dos atributos avaliada por semivariogramas escalonados. Com exceção da densidade de partículas e do grau de floculação, todas as demais variáveis apresentaram dependência espacial de moderada (0,64 a 0,75) a forte (>0,75). A variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo afetou a produtividade de soja. Os atributos do solo analisados foram divididos, quanto ao alcance e ao modelo de semivariograma, em dois grupos: um grupo com modelo exponencial e alcance menor que 40m e outro com modelo gaussiano e alcance menor que 67m. A variabilidade espacial da produtividade de soja foi descrita pelo modelo gaussiano com alcance menor que 45m.<br>Spatially-defined soil and plant properties contribute to better planning of experiments and commercial fields. This research had as objective the study of spatial variability of some physical and chemical properties of the soil and their relationship with soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2000, at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, on land-leveled paddy soil. An area of 160 x 88m was sampled at an interval of 8 x 8m, resulting in 240 sampling points. The plant properties studied were soybean yield and plant height. Several chemical and physical properties of the topsoil (0 to 0.15m) and subsoil (0.15 to 0.30m) were determined. Geostatistical analysis was done only for the soil layer that presented correlation with the plant properties (0-0.15m), and the space dependence of the attributes was evaluated by scaled semivariograms. Except for soybean production, particle density and flocculation degree, all soil properties presented moderate (0.64 to 0.75) to strong (>0.75) space dependence. The production of soybean was influenced by space variability of the analyzed soil properties. The spatial variability of the soil physical and chemical properties in land-leveled paddy soil affected the production of soybean. The properties were classified in two different categories, based on semivariogram model and range: (i) exponential model and range smaller than 40m and (ii) gaussian model and range smaller than 67m. A gaussian model with range smaller than 45m described the spatial variation of soybean yeild