ОЦЕНКА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО УЩЕРБА, СВЯЗАННОГО СО СМЕРТНОСТЬЮ ОТ РАКА ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ В ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2005–2016 ГГ.

Introduction. A significant component in the system analysis of anti-cancer activities is the assessment of the impact of mortality on life expectancy, which indicates the social and economic situation in the region.Material and methods. The economic damage caused by laryngeal and lung cancer mortality in the Tomsk region for the period 2005–2016 was analyzed using the database of the regional cancer registry and local agency of federal state statistics service of the tomsk region.Results. The loss of the male working population ranged from 106.0 (2012–2013) to 161.5 (2008–2009) person/years of lifetime from larynx cancer and from 1058.5 (2013–2014) to 1576.3 (2006–2007) person/years of lifetime from lung cancer. The female working population lost up to 34.0 (2013–2014) person/years of lifetime due to mortality from larynx cancer and from 1445.3 (2005–2006) to 2553.9 (2015–2016) person/years of lifetime from lung cancer. The average number of undelivered years in working age due to the premature death of one man averaged 6.1 ± 2.0 years from larynx cancer and 11.1 ± 1.3 from lung cancer, one woman averaged 4.6 ± 0.9 years from larynx cancer and 6.2 ± 0.3 years from lung cancer. Economic losses associated with mortality from cancer of the respiratory system amounted to 2.251.97 million rubles: 202.07 million rubles from laryngeal cancer and 2.049.90 million rubles from lung cancer.Conclusion. The quantitative analysis of social and economic losses associated with mortality from cancer of the respiratory system enables the regional health authorities to develop and implement anti-cancer interventions to maximize the use of funds for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients. Актуальность. Для системного анализа проводимых противораковых мероприятий значимой составляющей  является оценка влияния смертности на среднюю  продолжительность предстоящей жизни, свидетельствующей о социально-экономическом состоянии в регионе. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ социально-экономического ущерба, причиненного смертностью от рака гортани (РГ) и легкого (РЛ) в Томской области с 2005 по 2016 г. на основании базы данных популяционного  областного ракового регистра и территориального органа  Федеральной службы государственной статистики по  Томской области. Результаты. С 2005 по 2016 г. потери мужского трудоспособного населения варьировали от 106,0 (2012–13 гг.) до 161,5 (2008–09 гг.) человеко-лет жизни в связи со смертностью от РГ и от 1058,5 (2013–14 гг.) до 1576,3 (2006–07 г.) человеко-лет – от РЛ. Женская популяция в трудоспособном возрасте теряла до 34,0 (2013–14 гг.) человеко-лет жизни в связи со смертностью от РГ и от 1445,3 (2005–06 гг.) до 2553,9 (2015–16 гг.) человеко-лет – от РЛ. Среднее количество недожитых лет в трудоспособном  возрасте в связи с преждевременной гибелью одного  мужчины составило 6,1 ± 2,0 года от РГ и 6,2 ± 1,3 – от РЛ, одной женщины – 4,6 ± 0,9 года от РГ и 6,2 ± 0,3 года – от РЛ. Экономические потери, связанные со смертностью от рака органов дыхания (РОД), составили 2 251,97 млн руб.: 202,07 млн руб. – от РГ и 2049,9 млн руб. – от РЛ. Заключение. Анализ количественной оценки потерь, в том числе финансовых, связанных со смертностью от РГ и РЛ, позволяет региональным органам здравоохранения  разрабатывать и внедрять противораковые мероприятия с  целью максимально эффективного использования средств на профилактику, лечение и реабилитацию онкологических больных.

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3) : analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries

Background Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000–14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0–24 years). Methods We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0–14 years), adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. Findings 164563 young people were included in this analysis: 121328 (73·7%) children, 22963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010–14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010–14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000–14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. Interpretation This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group.peer-reviewe

Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3)

Background: Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. Methods: We analyzed individual data for adults (15–99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. Results: The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010–2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%–38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40–70 years than among younger adults. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines

Soil microbiocenosis as an indicator of stability of meadow communities in the environment polluted with heavy metals

The soil microbiota, a key component of natural ecosystems, is considered as a factor determining the stability of meadow communities. The diversity and abundance of the main ecologically significant groups of microorganisms in meadow soils have been studied along a gradient of long-term soil pollution with heavy metals in the Middle Urals. The results provide evidence for stability of the microbial assemblage formed in these soils. It has been found that the functional activity of certain physiological groups of microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing, denitrifying, and cellulolytic bacteria) and the respiratory activity of microbial communities are stimulated under conditions of heavy-metal soil pollution. Probable effects of the observed changes on mineralization of plant remains in meadow communities are discussed. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.13 04 96056ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the Russian Founda tion for Basic Research (project no. 13 04 96056 r_ural_a), Scientific School Support Program (project no. NSh 5325.2012.4), and the Presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 12 I 4 2051)

Dynamics of Projective Coverage and Species Diversity of Grass Communities During Restoration Succession on Fallows and Dumps

The temporal dynamics of species diversity and projective coverage of herbaceous communities formed on fallows and dumps was studied. Annual studies of these phytocoenotic indicators were carried out in four groups on the territory of the Tagil zone of the Middle Urals in 2006-2019. The successional development of communities depends on edaphic factors. Phytocenoses with a projective coverage and species diversity typical for meadow communities on the background territories develop on agrozems and technozems under conditions of low soil contamination with heavy metals. The meadow stage under conditions of high pollution is short, and it is characterized by low values of the studied parameters. Other trajectories of succession: a long delay in the grass stage or skipping the meadow stage and transition from grass to tree-shrub stage, are also possible. The species diversity of communities is more conservative compared with the total projective coverage of species, the rate of development of which is largely determined by the successional age of the community than by the type of substrate

Geochemistry of grass biocenoses: Biogenic cycles of chemical elements at contamination of the environment with heavy metals

The paper addresses the involvement of grass communities in biogenic cycles of chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, and Fe). Both the species composition and the suprasoil phytomass of phytocenoses in the Central Urals are modified in a gradient of contamination with heavy metals. The bioproductivity and subsequent mineralization of plant remnants are discussed with reference to two soil types that differ in agrochemical parameters. The contribution of agrobotanical groups to the biological exchange of chemical elements is proved to be controlled not only by the volume of annually dying suprasoil biomass but also by the intensity of processes mineralizing plant remnants in the contamination gradient. This modifies the cycles of chemical elements in natural contaminated biocenoses. The reaction of grass communities on environmental contamination can be viewed as partial counterbalancing of the adverse effect of chemical stress via maintaining a high enough level of the biological exchange of chemical elements. © 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Russian Academy of Sciences, РФФИ: 12-I-4-2051Russian Foundation for Basic Research, 13-04-960056-r_ural_a

Antioxidant activity in the leaves of Melilotus albus and Trifolium medium from man-made disturbed habitats in the Middle Urals under the influence of copper

Physiological mechanisms of adaptation to copper-induced stress in two widespread legume plants, white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Merik.) and zigzag clover (Trifolium medium L.), growing in habitats differing in the man-made pollution. An antioxidant plant defense system was activated in response to 10 mM CuSO 4, which is a stress factor. Specific biochemical features related to adaptation to soil contamination with copper were observed in tested plant species. Superoxide dismutase was activated in response to stress in both species from various habitats. M. albus from the impact zone manifested the better capacity of proline accumulation as compared with plants from less polluted habitats. T. medium plants from the impact zone contained more active peroxidase. It was suggested that plants growing for a long time under stressful conditions manifest the greater tolerance to copper ions than plants, which did not experience stress or were subjected to the milder stress. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Biogeochemistry of Impact Regions: the Role of Edaphic and Phytocoenotic Environmental Factors

The paper addresses the removal of chemical elements by suprasoil and subsoil phytomasses of herbaceous phytocenoses and their subsequent return to soil during decomposition of plant remnants. The obtained results allowed us to evaluate the biogeochemical cycles of essential (Zn, Cu) and toxic (Pb, Cd) elements in natural biogeocenoses of the Middle Urals. It has been shown that the intensity of such an exchange in areas subjected to variable anthropogenic impact is determined not only by the direct influence of mobile forms of chemical elements, which are contained in soils and operate as environmental pollutants, but also by a combination of edaphic (physicochemical parameters of soils), coenotic (abundance and correlation of agrobotanical groups in phytocenosis) and microbiological (level of evolution of soil microbiocenosis) conditions. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Intraspecific Variability of Metal Tolerance in Taraxacum officinale Wigg. s.l. Seed Progeny: Analysis Based on Dose–Response Relationship

Abstract—: Based on the analysis of dose–response relationships under exposure to a wide range of copper sulfate concentrations, the metal tolerance of seed progeny was assessed using the root elongation test in two morphological forms of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. s.l. growing in background and technogenically transformed areas (industrial waste dumps). Since previous studies in the same areas showed that these forms differed in their abundance and ratio in the coenopopulations and in the level of copper accumulation, it was assumed that they would also differ in the metal tolerance of seed progeny. It was found that the average values of effective copper sulfate concentrations inhibiting root growth in seedlings by 10, 50, and 90%, did not differ between the study areas and between the morphological forms of dandelion. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The work was performed under state assignment for the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences and supported by the Integrated Research Program of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 18-4-4-9)