Evaluation of indicators of entrepreneurial potential in 2018

Entrepreneurial potential of the population is largely determined by how adults evaluate their intentions in terms of creating their own business. The purpose of the study was to assess the existing indicators in 2018 that characterize the potential entrepreneurial activity of the population in different countries. The self-assessment of people on such factors as their ability and ability to create their own businesses, entrepreneurial purposes, fear of failure in this activity, as well as the presence of familiar entrepreneurs were considered as the estimated indicators. The study used information from the Global entrepreneurship monitor for 2018 for 48 countries. Three hypotheses were tested using mathematical models representing the density functions of the normal distribution. Five indicators of entrepreneurial potential were used to determine their average values for the countries under consideration. Countries with high and low values of indicators were identified. A comparative analysis of the entrepreneurial potential in Russia and foreign countries is carried out

Ethnic characteristics of bone remodeling in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Structural and metabolic disorders of bone tissue in women with T2DM have no clinical manifestations, but they are accompanied by the risk of fractures.Aim: To study the parameters of bone metabolism, BMD and microarchitectonics in female patients with T2DM in the Buryat population.Materials and methods: The observational single-center one-stage controlled study included 73 women with T2DM, which were divided into 2 groups depending on the functional state of the ovaries (reproductive and postmenopausal periods). In each group, subgroups of the Buryat and Russian populations were identified. The first group included 34 patients with T2DM of the reproductive period: 16 from the Buryat population and 18 from the Russian population. The second group consisted of 39 postmenopausal patients with T2DM: 17 from the Buryat population and 22 from the Russian population. The study of BMD in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (Neck), in the proximal femur (Total hip), trabecular bone score (TBS), serum osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptide type 1 procollagen was carried out (P1NP), vitamin D 25 (OH), blood plasma type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (β-Cross laps) and ionized calcium (iCa).Results: In female patients with T2DM of the reproductive age of the Buryat population, an increase in both markers of osteosynthesis P1NP (p=0.035), OC (p=0.047), and bone resorption β-Cross laps (p=0.040) was found relative to the similar group of the Russian population. In women with T2DM in the postmenopausal period of the Buryat population, there was also an increase in P1NP (p = 0.016), OC (p = 0.048), β-Cross laps (p = 0.020) compared with the group of postmenopausal women in the Russian population. Structural disorders, characterized by a decrease in TBS, were detected only in the postmenopausal period in female patients of the Buryat population compared to women in the Russian population (p = 0.029).Comparative analysis among women with T2DM of the Buryat population, depending on the functional state of the ovaries, showed that activation of bone remodeling with an increase in P1NP (p = 0.019), OC (p = 0.004) and β-Cross laps (p = 0.004) is characteristic of postmenopausal women accompanied by a decrease in BMD Neck (p = 0.006), BMD Total hip (p = 0.003), BMD L1-L4 (p = 0.049) and TBS (p = 0.020) relative to female patients with T2DM in the reproductive period.Conclusion: In women with T2DM in the Buryat population, both in the reproductive and postmenopausal periods, an increase in bone remodeling markers and BMD stability was found when compared with the corresponding groups of patients in the Russian population. The postmenopausal period was characterized by an additional decrease in TBS in patients with T2DM in the Buryat population relative to women in the Russian population

Experience in implementing a program for basic life support and available automated defibrillation in a cancer center

Unified approaches to ensuring the chain of survival can improve the patient’s prognosis both in out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest.Aim. To discuss practical issues of introducing a program for the availability of automated external defibrillation in a cancer center.Material and methods. For four years, our healthcare facility has been implementing a training program for basic and advanced life support according to the European Resuscitation Council standards, combined with the creation and development of an infrastructure for the availability of automatic defibrillation. A roadmap and infrastructure were developed for the project implementation.Results. In 2018-2022, 229 employees (114 doctors, 85 nurses and 30 nonmedical workers) were trained under the basic life support program. Fifteen defibrillators were placed in various units. During the specified period, first aid in case of sudden cardiac arrest using an automated external defibrillator before the resuscitation team arrival was independently provided by doctors and nurses of departments three times. To implement training in the continuous education system, the curriculum has passed the examination and accreditation in the edu. rosminzdrav system.Conclusion. The development and implementation of such initiatives requires significant organizational and methodological work, including continuous education system. However, in our opinion, this is an extremely useful tool for improving the safety and quality of medical care

Технологические решения очистки подземных вод от растворенных нефтепродуктов

The priority in the oil industry is to reduce the technogenic load on environmental components. Modern technologies allow minimizing the negative impact on water bodies, soils, vegetation, etc. However, the development of effective technical solutions aimed at purification of underground water from oil products is still in progress. There are mechanical, physical-chemical, and biological methods of oil pollution control. Each method has advantages and limitations and can be used in different situations. The technology of groundwater treatment based on biotechnological method and dosed oxygen supply is proposed. The recommended solution can be used as an independent environmental protection measure or in addition to existing ones.Приоритетом в нефтяной промышленности является снижение техногенной нагрузки на компоненты окружающей среды. Современные технологии позволяют минимизировать негативное воздействие на водные объекты, грунты, растительность и т.д. Однако разработка эффективных технических решений, направленных на очистку подземных вод от нефтепродуктов, продолжается. Существуют механические, физико-химические и биологические методы борьбы с нефтяным загрязнением. Каждый метод имеет преимущества и ограничения, может быть использован в разных ситуациях. Предложена технология очистки подземных вод на основе биотехнологического метода и дозированной подачи кислорода. Рекомендованное решение может быть использовано как самостоятельное природоохранное мероприятие, так и в дополнение к существующим

FRUIT AND BERRY CROPS IN THE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE BUZULUKSKY BOR NATIONAL PARK

Buzuluksky Bor is the name of the largest woodland in the steppe zone (86,600 ha) of Northern Eurasia, and the only one in the Transvolga steppe. Woody vegetation of this forest consists of conifers (70%) and broadleaf trees (30%). Many of the latter produce edible fruits and berries. In addition to indigenous species, a significant part is formed by the introduced ones which have adapted to the specific conditions of this woodland. In 2007, a large area of the pine forest became part of the Buzuluksky Bor National Park

Primary Terminal Haemochromatosis in a 50 Year-Old Patient

Aim. A clinical description of end-stage hereditary haemochromatosis manifested with chronic alcohol abuse.Key points. A 50-yo patient referred with marked general weakness as a major complaint. The patient had a history of long-term alcohol consumption at toxic doses, putative cirrhosis, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient's severity on admission was conditioned by marked hypotension. Further examination aimed at excluding occult gastrointestinal bleeding, adrenal insufficiency, decompensated heart failure. Bronze skin and icteric sclerae were positive. Blood tests revealed severe macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, thrombocytopae-nia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation, elevated transaminases, hyponatraemia, elevated creatinine (CKD DPI 63 mL/min), severe hyperferritinaemia. Faecal occult blood test and EGDS for bleeding were negative. Abdominal ultrasound exposed signs of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (ascites, splenomegaly). Echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy of all chambers, a reduced 24% ejection fraction at absent acute myocardial infarction. Primary haemochromatosis was suspected upon high ferritin, transferrin iron saturation and multiple organ dysfunction. Genotyping revealed the HFE 845G > A variant diagnostic of haemochromatosis type 1. Clinical diagnosis: Primary disease: haemochromatosis (homozygous variant HFE 845G > A (A/A)): liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class C. Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, ascites. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Diabetes mellitus. Complications: multiple organ dysfunction (SOFA 16). Liver failure: jaundice, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation. Cardiac rhythm and conduction disorder: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Acute cardiac failure with underlying CHF IIb, NYHA class 3. Acute renal failure (anuria) with underlying CKD stage 3 (CKD DPI 63 mL/min). Moderate macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia. Acute and chronic adrenal failure. Despite a cardiovascular and renal failure compensation therapy and albumin transfusion, the patient died. Autopsy revealed a marked organ infiltration with haemosiderin (heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands).Conclusion. The case describes a classical clinical manifestation of haemochromatosis: bronze skin hyperpigmentation, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, adrenal insufficiency. Terminal haemochromatosis, severe cardiac and renal failure decompensation precluded phlebotomy and chelation therapy. A lethal outcome was conditioned by multiple organ dysfunction with underlying massive haemosiderin deposition in most organs

Значение конституциональных полиморфизмов гена р53 у больных неходжкинскими злокачественными лимфомами

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Метилирование генов р53-респонзивных онкосупрессорных микроРНК при гемобластозах

The purpose of the study was to present up-to-date data on the frequency and significance of a number of p53-responsive oncosuppressive micrornas genes methylation in malignant neoplasms of the blood system.Material and methods. The search for available literary sources published in the Pubmed and RISC databases was carried out. A total of 399 articles were found, of which 62 were included in this review.Results. The p53 protein regulates a whole class of microRNAs – highly conserved small RNA molecules that affect gene expression mainly by suppressing translation. МicroRNAs play an important role in all cellular processes and can have both oncosuppressive and pro-oncogenic properties. Impaired expression of p53-activated oncosuppressive micrornas in various tumors may be associated with specific epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone deacetylation). The review examines the molecular and genetic characteristics of oncosuppressive micrornas functioning in normal hematopoiesis, the violation of expression of which is shown in the development of hemoblastoses, namely: miR-34a, miR-34b/c, miR-145, miR-143 and miR-203. It is known that the transcription of the genes of these microRNAs is carried out and regulated from their own promoters. The latest published research results on the diagnostic, prognostic and clinical significance of gene methylation of the microRNAs under consideration in malignant neoplasms of the blood system are presented. According to literature data, common targets for mir-34a, mir-34b/c, mir-145, mir-143 and miR-203 microRNAs are mRNAs of a number of pro-oncogenes, namely: transcription factor C-MYC, positive cell cycle regulators at the G1/S transition point of CDK4, CDK6 and CYCLIN-D1 phases, anti-apoptotic proteins MDM2, MDM4, BCL2 and MCL1, as well as DNMT3A and DNMT3B methyltransferases and other molecules. In this regard, it should be noted that there are positive feedbacks between p53 and microRNAs activated by it, as well as negative feedbacks between p53-responsive micrornas and C-MYC and DNA methyltransferases.Conclusion. Thus, the data presented in the review clarify the current understanding of the work of the regulatory network of the p53 protein and the micrornas activated by it, and also emphasize the functional association of p53-responsive microRNAs.Цель исследования – представить современные данные о частоте и значении метилирования генов ряда р53-респонзивных онкосупрессорных микроРНК при опухолевых заболеваниях системы крови.Материал и методы. Проведен поиск доступных литературных источников, опубликованных в базах данных Pubmed и РИНЦ. Найдено 399 статей, из которых 62 были включены в данный обзор.Результаты. Белок р53 регулирует целый класс микроРНК – высококонсервативных малых молекул РНК, которые влияют на экспрессию генов в основном путем подавления трансляции. МикроРНК играют важную роль во всех клеточных процессах и могут иметь как онкосупрессорные, так и проонкогенные свойства. Нарушения экспрессии активируемых р53 онкосупрессорных микроРНК в различных опухолях могут быть связаны со специфическими эпигенетическими механизмами (метилированием ДНК и деацетилированием гистонов). В обзоре рассмотрены молекулярно-генетические характеристики онкосупрессорных микроРНК, функционирующих при нормальном кроветворении, нарушение экспрессии которых показано при развитии гемобластозов, а именно: miR-34a, miR-34b/с, miR-145, miR-143 и miR-203. Известно, что транскрипция генов этих микроРНК осуществляется и регулируется с собственных промоторов. Приведены последние опубликованные результаты исследований по диагностическому, прогностическому и клиническому значению метилирования генов рассматриваемых микроРНК при злокачественных новообразованиях системы крови. Согласно данным литературных источников, частыми общими мишенями для микроРНК miR-34a, miR-34b/с, miR-145, miR-143 и miR-203 являются м-РНК ряда проонокогенов, а именно: транскрипционного фактора C-MYC, позитивных регуляторов клеточного цикла в контрольной точке перехода G1/S фаз CDK4, CDK6 и CYCLIN-D1, антиапоптотических белков MDM2, MDM4, ВCL2 и MCL1, а также ДНК-метилтрансфераз DNMT3A и DNMT3B и других молекул. Описано наличие положительных обратных связей между р53 и активируемыми им микроРНК, а также отрицательных обратных связей между р53-респонзивными микроРНК и c-MYC и ДНК-метилтрансферазами.Заключение. Данные, представленные в обзоре, уточняют современные представления о работе регуляторной сети белка р53 и активируемых им микроРНК, а также подчеркивают функциональную ассоциацию р53-респонзивных микроРНК

Механизмы нарушения экспрессии генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК при диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфоме

Introduction. A more in-depth description of molecular events that disrupt the functioning of the p53 signaling pathway is important for understanding the mechanisms of formation and progression of diffuse B-large cell lymphoma (DCCL), as well as its sensitivity to treatment. The p53 protein exhibits its oncosuppressive function and mediates the antitumor effects of drugs by regulating transcription and/or maturation of a wide range of target genes, including MIR-34A, MIR34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203. In the tumor tissue of lymphomas, in comparison with normal lymphoid tissue, a decrease in the level of microRNAs encoded by these genes is shown.Aim. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the methylation of the genes of the p53-responsive microRNAs MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-203 and MIR-129-2, as well as mutations in the DNA-binding domain and destruction of the polyadenylation signal of the TP53 gene in DLBCL.Materials and methods. 136 DNA samples isolated from tumor tissue of patients with DLBCL and 11 DNA samples obtained from lymph nodes with reactive B-cell follicular hyperplasia were analyzed. The methylation status of MIR-203 and MIR-129-2 genes was determined by the method of methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction, MIR-34A and MIR-34B/C genes by the method of methyl-sensitive analysis of high-resolution melting curves. In tumor samples, rs78378222 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism, resulting in the destruction of the polyadenylation signal, and the nucleotide sequence of the region of the TP53 gene encoding the DNA-binding domain was determined by capillary direct sequencing by Sanger.Results. The methylation detected in lymphoma tissue was tumor-specific. The frequency of analyzed aberrations in the TP53 gene and methylation of MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 was 21, 23, 55, 65 and 66 %, respectively. At the same time, methylation of the analyzed genes of p53-responsive microRNAs and aberrations in the TP53 gene in the tumor tissue of patients with DLBCL were independent events with a tendency to mutual exclusion. At the same time, it was shown that in the vast majority of lymphoma samples, the methylation of the MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 genes was combined.Conclusion. Along with aberrations in TP53, methylation of MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 and MIR-203 genes may be an important cause of decreased expression of miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-129 and miR-203 in DLBCL. The combined methylation of the MIR-203, MIR-129-2 and MIR-34B/C genes, as well as the MIR-34B/C and MIR-34A pairs, potentially has a more pronounced pro-tumor effect due to the presence of common targets in the microRNAs encoded by them.Введение. Большое значение для понимания механизмов формирования и прогрессии диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомы (ДВККЛ), а также ее чувствительности к лечению имеет более глубокое представление о молекулярных событиях, нарушающих функционирование сигнального пути р53. Белок р53 проявляет свою онкосупрессорную функцию и опосредует противоопухолевые эффекты лекарственных препаратов посредством регуляции транскрипции и/или созревания широкого спектра генов-мишеней, в том числе MIR-34A, MIR-34B/C, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203. В опухолевой ткани лимфом по сравнению с нормальной лимфоидной тканью показано снижение уровня кодируемых данными генами микроРНК.Цель исследования – комплексный анализ метилирования генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-203 и MIR-129-2, а также мутаций в ДНК-связывающем домене и разрушения последовательности сигнала к полиаденилированию гена ТР53 при ДВККЛ.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы 136 образцов ДНК, выделенной из опухолевой ткани пациентов с ДВККЛ, и 11 образцов ДНК, полученной из лимфатических узлов с реактивной В-клеточной фолликулярной гиперплазией. Определение статуса метилирования генов MIR-203 и MIR-129-2 осуществляли методом метил-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции, генов MIR-34А и MIR-34В/С – методом метил-чувствительного анализа кривых плавления высокого разрешения. В опухолевых образцах методом полимеразной цепной реакции с полиморфизмом длин рестрикционных фрагментов выполнено генотипирование варианта нуклеотидной последовательности rs78378222, приводящего к разрушению сигнала полиаденилирования, с помощью капиллярного прямого секвенирования по Сэнгеру определена нуклеотидная последовательность района гена ТР53, кодирующего ДНК-связывающий домен.Результаты. Выявляемое в лимфомной ткани метилирование носило опухолеспецифичный характеp. Частота анализируемых аберраций в гене ТР53 и метилирования MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 составила 21, 23, 55, 65 и 66 % соответственно. При этом метилирование анализируемых генов р53-респонсивных микроРНК и аберраций в гене ТР53 в опухолевой ткани пациентов с ДВККЛ являлись независимыми событиями с тенденцией к взаимному исключению. Вместе с тем показано, что в подавляющем большинстве образцов лимфомы метилирование генов MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 носило сочетанный характер.Заключение. Наряду с аберрациями в ТР53, метилирование генов MIR-34А, MIR-34В/С, MIR-129-2 и MIR-203 может являться частой причиной снижения экспрессии miR-34a, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-129 и miR-203 при ДВККЛ. Сочетанное метилирование генов MIR-203, MIR-129-2 и MIR-34B/C, а также пары MIR-34B/C и MIR-34A потенциально имеет более выраженный проопухолевый эффект за счет наличия у кодируемых ими микроРНК общих мишеней

Апоптоз и механизмы опухолевой прогрессии неходжкинских злокачественных лимфом

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