Clustering On Large Numeric Data Sets Using Hierarchical Approach: Birch

The paper is about the clustering on large numeric data sets using hierarchical method In this BIRCH approach is used to reduce the amount of data for this a hierarchical clustering method was applied to pre-process the dataset Now a day s web information plays a prominent role in the web technology large amount of data is consumed to communicate but some with intruders there is loss of data or may changes occur in the interaction so to recognize intruders they detect to build an intrusion detection system for this a hierarchical approach is used to classify network traffic data accurately Hierarchical clustering is performed By taking network as an example The clustering method could produce high quality dataset with far less instances that sufficiently represent all of the instances in the original datase

An Unique Data mining Task for Sorting: Data Preprocessing for efficient External Sorting

Abstract -This paper presents external sorting using data preprocessing which is a data mining technique that adapted generally here. Generally, huge data of any organization possess data redundancy, noise and data inconsistency. To eliminate, Data preprocessing should be performed on raw data, then sorting technique is applied on it. Data preprocessing includes many methods such as data cleaning, data integration, data transformation and data reduction. Depending on the complexity of given data, these methods are taken and applied on raw data in order to produce quality of data. Then, external sorting is applied. The external sorting now takes the number of passes less than actual passes log B (N/M) + 1, and cost of Input / Outputs is less than 2*N* (log B (N/M) + 1) for the actual of Bway external merge sorting and also involve least number of runs compared to actual basic external sorting

Recognition of Blood Cancer Using Different Classification Techniques

Several image processing methods or applications have been established to get the requisite details from microscopic images for the fast and cost effective development of patient diagnosis. A type of leukemia that is more frequent in children is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The word 'Acute' suggests that leukemia can develop rapidly and can lead to fatal death within a few months if not managed. Because of its nonspecific existence, erroneous diagnosis refers to the effects and manifestations of everything. And though it is challenging for hematologists to identify leukemia cells, manual sorting of blood cells is not only time-consuming but also unreliable. Consequently, early diagnosis of leukemia helps in presenting the patient with the necessary care. The mechanism recommends individuals in the blood picture the leucocytes from the blood cells as a response to this issue, and then select the lymphocyte cells. The morphological index of certain cells is measured and the involvement of leukemia is eventually classified. A literature review on several methods used to identify cancer cells has been carried out in this article

Study of Biofilm formation and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus species from Diabetic Foot ulcer patients

Background: India has the world’s largest number of diabetics. Non- traumatic lower limb amputation is the most common devastating complication of diabetes, primarily due to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and diabetic foot infections (DFI). In India, the incidence of foot ulcers ranges from 8–17 per cent. DFIs are predominantly polymicrobial and multidrug- resistant (MDR) with the ability to form biofilm, which is an important virulence factor and results in treatment failure. Material and Methods: This is prospective and observational study conducted from September 2020 – August 2021 at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The clinical samples were collected for diagnostic purposes by the bacteriology laboratories of Hospital and were from wound secretions of DFU. Infected sites were aseptically cleaned using normal saline and sterile gauzes. Then a wound swab from each patient was collected using sterile cotton swabs. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done to confirm the results from hospital. Results: Staphylococcus aureus were the most commonly isolated organisms (21.4 %), Escherichia coli (20.0%) and followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3 %), Citrobacter sp. (18.3 %), Klebsiella oxytoca (15.4%), and Proteus sp. (6.6 %).Conclusion: This study showed that bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers were biofilm producers and presented resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Knowledge on antibiotic sensitivity pattern and biofilm phenotype of the isolates will be helpful in determining the drugs for the treatment of diabetic ulcers

Optimization of media for production of bioactive compounds by Streptomyces parvullus SS23/2 isolated from marine algae in the Bay of Bengal, India

Streptomyces are economically and biotechnologically valuable prokaryotes responsible for production of bioactive secondary metabolites, notably antibiotics, antitumor agents, immunosuppressive agents and enzymes. The present study deals with the optimization of media for production of bioactive compounds from Streptomyces parvullus SS23/2 isolated from marine algae (Dictyota dichotoma) at the Bay of Bengal, India. Suitable medium was selected and optimized under different chemical and physical parameters for maximum production following one-factor- at- a time approach. Optimum condition for initial pH, medium capacity, inoculum size, inoculum age, agitation and growth period were assessed and the result was found to be optimum at 7, 50 ml, 7.5% (v/v), 48 hours, 180 rpm and 6 days, respectively. Component of the best carbon source for the basal medium was sucrose at 2% and 1.5% concentration for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Malt extract at 1% concentration was the best nitrogen source for both bacteria and fungi. The composition of the best medium for Streptomyces parvullus SS23/2 was (g/l: Corn steep liquor, 10, sucrose, 20; malt extract, 10; K2HPO4, 5; NaCl, 2.5; ZnSO4, 0.04; CaCO3, 0.4; pH=7). After optimization, antimicrobial activity was improved from 36 mm to 40.7 mm inhibition zone against B. subtilis. In the research for bioactive compounds, screening, characterization and optimization of the media and cultural conditions are important for strain improvement. Therefore, optimization of products from Streptomyces in different samples may create a great potential for upscaling secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and might remain an area of research interest in the future antibiotic discovery. Keywords/phrases: B. subtilis, Marine sediment, Optimization, Streptomyces parvullusEthiop. J. Biol. Sci. 11(1): 1-11, 201