An Efficient Algorithm for Optimization of Power with Computational Security in MANETs

The major issues associated with MANETs include the precious battery power of the nodes and security threats from compromised nodes inside the network The introduction of an additional dynamic node may optimize the power but however it leads to jamming and interference and thereby reducing the efficiency of the network Since MANETs have a highly dynamic topology they are vulnerable to active and passive adversaries We aim to optimize the network power with added security features and propose a new algorithm Power with Computational Security PCS Algorithm to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks The PCS Algorithm employs a dynamically computed Power Threshold to achieve efficiency Also We make the network secure by introducing a Security Provider which consists of dealer phase and combiner phase to ensure all the security requirements are met Thus We achieve power efficient and secure data transfer with minimal information and thus it minimizes the mobility resource and prior-trust relationship constraint

Tropical rainforest bird community structure in relation to altitude, tree species composition, and null models in the Western Ghats, India

Studies of species distributions on elevational gradients are essential to understand principles of community organisation as well as to conserve species in montane regions. This study examined the patterns of species richness, abundance, composition, range sizes, and distribution of rainforest birds at 14 sites along an elevational gradient (500-1400 m) in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) of the Western Ghats, India. In contrast to theoretical expectation, resident bird species richness did not change significantly with elevation although the species composition changed substantially (<10% similarity) between the lowest and highest elevation sites. Constancy in species richness was possibly due to relative constancy in productivity and lack of elevational trends in vegetation structure. Elevational range size of birds, expected to increase with elevation according to Rapoport's rule, was found to show a contrasting inverse U-shaped pattern because species with narrow elevational distributions, including endemics, occurred at both ends of the gradient (below 800 m and above 1,200 m). Bird species composition also did not vary randomly along the gradient as assessed using a hierarchy of null models of community assembly, from completely unconstrained models to ones with species richness and range-size distribution restrictions. Instead, bird community composition was significantly correlated with elevation and tree species composition of sites, indicating the influence of deterministic factors on bird community structure. Conservation of low- and high-elevation areas and maintenance of tree species composition against habitat alteration are important for bird conservation in the southern Western Ghats rainforests.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, two tables (including one in the appendix) Submitted to the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS

Shoulder pain and disability index: its effectiveness and reliability in an outpatient setting in Indian population

Background: One of the most common joints to be treated in the clinic is the shoulder joint. An orthopedic surgeon and physical therapists should be knowledgeable about the proper assessment of the shoulder joint to effectively evaluate and design a treatment program in shoulder pathologies. Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) is a questionnaire designed to measure pain and disability associated with shoulder pathologies in a clinical setting. SPADI’s effectiveness as a tool needed to be validated in Indian population hence this study. The objectives of this study were to measure effectiveness of SPADI in our setting and to measure the reliability and acceptability of SPADI in Indian population.Methods: 60 patients with shoulder pain between the age of 25-50 years who attended the orthopaedic OPD during the time period of April 2017 to April 2018 were included. The subjects were evaluated with SPADI and oxford shoulder score (OSS) questionnaires. The data was analyzed by paired sample T test and alpha coefficient level.Results: The data statistically analysed revealed that the scales are reliable as the Cronbach's alpha was high (&gt;0.7) and was effective to measure the pain and disability of the shoulder joint in our clinical set up.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our statistical analysis that both SPADI and OSS are equally effective tools in measuring pain and disability in our clinical set up, the only difference being that SPADI is operationally very simple and lucid for our population

Effect of Seams on Drape of Fabrics

Drape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to be bent in more than in one direction, When two-dimensional fabric are converted to three-dimensional garment form. In the present study, the effects of sewing of different seam were selected on different fabric and their behaviors were studied. In this study drape of ten fabrics are analyzed with three types of seams and three stitch densities. Sample without seam is a control sample and drape of seamed samples are compared with control sample to analyse the drape behavior of seamed fabrics. This paper presents a fundamental drape analysis of seamed fabrics using drape meter. Drape behavior is determined in terms of drape coefficient. The effect of seams on the drape coefficient and Drape profile has been made. Drape coefficients significantly differs between the fabrics and also between the seam stitch density combinations. Investigating drape onseamed fabrics can improve fabric end use application. Key words: drape, computer aided design, seam, stitch density, Design of Experiment

ESTIMATION OF ENTRANCE SURFACE RADIATION DOSE TO THYROID REGION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BRAIN EXAMINATION

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region in a computed tomography (CT) brain scan.Methods: Unfors Multi-O-Meter equipment was used to measure the entrance surface at the thyroid region of adult patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age. A total of 115 patients were included in the study based on convenience sampling. The Multi-O-Meter was kept at the thyroid region during the scan, and the values for entrance surface dose (ESD) were noted from its monitor after the scan was complete.Results: The obtained data were analyzed and violate normal distribution; therefore, the median and quartiles were computed. The overall median (Q1, Q2), ESD of the patients, was 1.335 (1.213, 1.529) mGy. The minimum and maximum dose values recorded were 1.015 mGy and 1.964 mGy, respectively.Conclusions: The result showed a significant amount of entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region while taking a brain scan. This data can be used for optimization of radiation protection while undergoing CT scans of brain to reduce exposure to thyroid region

The effect of some ecological factors on the intestinal parasite loads of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Southern India

Some ecological factors that might potentially influence intestinal parasite loads in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linn.) were investigated in the Nilgiris, southern India. Fresh dung samples from identified animals were analysed, and the number of eggs/g of dung used as an index of parasite load. Comparisons across seasons and habitats revealed that parasite loads were significantly higher during the dry season than the wet season, but were not different between the dry-deciduous and dry-thorn forests in either season. After accounting for the effect of age on body condition, there was no correlation between body condition, assessed visually using morphological criteria, and parasite load in either season. Individuals of different elephant herds were not characterized by distinct parasite communities in either season. When intra-individual variation was examined, samples collected from the same individual within a day differed significantly in egg densities, while the temporal variation over several weeks or months (within a season) was much less. Egg densities within dung piles were uniform, enabling a simpler collection method henceforth

Assessment of Microbiological Quality of Potable Water in Rathinamangalam Village, Tamilnadu, India

Water is an important constituent of all life forms and essential for its survival. Satisfactory supply of clean, safe, and hygienic drinking water is imperative for health. The current study has been designed to assess the microbial quality of drinking water in and around Rathinamangalam village, Tamilnadu. It is a cross sectional study. A total of 53 drinking water samples were collected and subjected to membrane filter techniques and MPN technique. Three sources of water were analyzed for the presence of faecal coliforms. Among the well water analyzed two wells showed the presence of faecal coliforms. All the 30 borewell samples showed the absence of coliforms. Among 14 water samples of public water supply, 2 showed the presence of coliforms. The present study concludes that the sources of drinking water in the Rathinamangalam village are microbiologically safe. However, the public water supply should be chlorinated

Blocking Autophagy Prevents Bortezomib-Induced NF-κB Activation by Reducing I-κBα Degradation in Lymphoma Cells

Here we show that bortezomib induces effective proteasome inhibition and accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. This leads to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as demonstrated by accumulation of the protein CHOP, as well as autophagy, as demonstrated by accumulation of LC3-II proteins. Our data suggest that recruitment of both ubiquitinated proteins and LC3-II by p62 directs ubiquitinated proteins, including I-κBα, to the autophagosome. Degradation of I-κBα results in increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcription activity. Since bortezomib treatment promoted I-κBα phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation, this suggests that the route of I-κBα degradation was not via the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly inhibited bortezomib-induced I-κBα degradation, increased complex formation with NF-κB and reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity. Importantly, the combination of proteasome and autophagy inhibitors showed synergy in killing DLBCL cells. In summary, bortezomib-induced autophagy confers relative DLBCL cell drug resistance by eliminating I-κBα. Inhibition of both autophagy and the proteasome has great potential to kill apoptosis-resistant lymphoma cells

Phyto physico-chemical profile of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)

Introduction: The present article deals with study of phytochemical analysis of Withania somnifera Dunal roots. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal - Solanaceae), The use of Ashwagandha (WS) is increasing due to a number of chemical constituents present in are found useful for promotion of health. Important bio-active constituents of Ashwagandha root powder are alkaloids, tannins and flavonoid and phenolic compound helps to promote the health benefits. Objective: Evolution of Physico- chemical and phyto chemical analysis of Ashwagandha (WS) powder. Materials and methods: The current investigation deals with extraction and detection or screening of active phytochemical compounds from different extracts of Withania somnifera root. Pharmacognostic studies, Physico-chemical studies, Preliminary phytochemical studies and HPTLC was carried out. Result and conclusion: The result drown were 2% foreign mater was determined. Loss on drying 1.6%, total ash obtained was 9%, acid insoluble ash was 1% and water soluble extractive was 12% and Alcohol soluble extractive was 13%. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrate, Steroids and Saponin Glycoside. HPTLC chromatograms of methanol extracts obtained from root of Withania somnifera revealed that higher quality of with a nolides was present. Hence the root of Withania somnifera was considered to mostly prefer for commercial preparation of drugs