Sustainability of workers in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic: international research experience

The purpose of the article was to study the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of workers. The paper analyses relevant domestic and foreign publications in the field of labour and employment. There is no single point of view regarding remote employment as one of the most effective ways to preserve health of workers. Among the main disadvantages of remote employment are the lack of live communication and contacts with colleagues, difficulties with organizing the workflow in the technological aspect, as well as the difficulty of combining work and household responsibilities. Researchers have an unambiguous position on reducing the number of working hours, fears of losing jobs or earnings – such risks are increasing in many regions of the world, and part of the population has already directly faced such problems. At the same time, for example, fears of losing a job largely depend on the form of ownership, the specifics of the organization’s activities, etc. The study pays particular attention to the situation of certain categories of workers and vulnerable segments of society in the labour market. The authors outline the prospects for remote employment and maintaining the sustainability of the position of workers in the new socio-economic reality.Keywords: coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, employment, labor market, labor relations, non-standard employment, remote employment, transformation of employment, unemploymen

The effect of starter cultures on the qualitative indicators of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat

ArticleChanges in physicochemical, rheological and microbiological properties occurring throughout the ripening (on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28) of dry fermented sausages made from poultry meat were studied. The effect of starter bacteria on the microstructure and sensory attributes of dry fermented sausages has also been determined. The results of physicochemical analysis of dry fermented sausage shows no significant difference (P 0.05) between the control and inoculated batches in lowering the pH level, changing the critical shear stress, growth of viable microorganisms, accumulation of amine nitrogen during ripening was established. The results show, that inculcation of starter cultures accelerates biochemical processes during fermentation and thereby provides the necessary functional and technological properties of minced meat. Sensory profiling showed a more significant (P < 0.05) acidic and spicy flavour and intensity of acidic and smoked meat aroma; and increased firmness and cohesiveness in inoculated sausage. The results of microstructural analysis showed that the dry fermented sausages that ripened with the starter bacteria (Lactobacillus curvatus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus), differ from the control sample compacted as a thin surface layer which is formed during the drying, smoking and maturation, and that indicates more uniform moisture removal

Efficacy of olocizumab in treatment of COVID-19 patients

Background. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) is activated in COVID-19. Using olokizumab which inhibits IL-6 production in treatment of COVID-19 is pathogenetically justified.The aim. To study in real clinical practice the efficacy and safety of using the IL-6inhibitor (olokizumab) in treatment of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methods. The first group included 41 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia having complex therapy including olokizumab. The control group consisted of 66 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who did not have therapy with IL-6 inhibitor. We analyzed clinical (volume of lung involvement, respiratory failure degree, body mass index) and laboratory data (levels of T-troponin, lactate, procalcitonin, natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glomerular filtration rate).Results. The groups did not differ in gender, age, body mass index of patients, volume of lung tissue injury, and duration of hospitalization (p &gt; 0.05). Respiratory failure of 2–3rd degree was more common in patients of the first group (χ2 = 6.3; p = 0.010). The initial levels of C-reactive protein (50.9 [34.2; 76.2] and 32.2 [9.9; 69.1] mg/L respectively; p = 0.009) and fibrinogen (6.0 [5.3; 6.7] and 5.2 [4.3; 6.2] g/l respectively; p = 0.005) in patients having therapy including olokizumab were significantly higher than in the control group. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen and ferritin, D-dimer, detected upon admission of patients to the hospital, didn’t have statistically significant differences. At discharge, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients receiving olokizumab was statistically significantly lower (9.0 [5.5; 14.5] and 13.0 [7.0; 27.0] mm/h; p = 0.018).Conclusions. Using olokizumab in the treatment patient with COVID-19 pneumonia has demonstrated a positive effect on clinical and laboratory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen level) in patients with pronounced inflammatory changes and respiratory impairment

The Present and Future of the Employment Paradigm in the Context of Global Changes

Major transformations have taken place throughout history, radically changing people’s way of life. This can be noted in particular in the area of employment. In just the last few centuries, it has gone from predominantly agrarian employment, manual work and natural specialization to the technology-based image of the service-sector worker. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and conceptualize the process of forming a new employment paradigm through the prism of global challenges. The hypothesis is that in the modern world, employment is becoming increasingly blurred, combining features of different eras, which results in an intensification of social stratification and labor market segmentation. The research is based on the methodological principles of compiling a systematic review and consists of the following steps: goal setting and study design, selection of relevant literature according to the defined criteria, generalization and analytical review of selected sources, presentation of results. The analysis highlights the key trends in the field of employment at the current stage of social development. Among them are concentration of the labor force in the tertiary sector, destandardization and increased flexibility of employment, changes in the economy’s requirements for human capital, etc. Special attention is paid to the influence of global challenges on the future of work under single-factor and complex scenarios of its development. The authors provide an analytical review of international experience in overcoming the negative consequences of employment transformation. The paper concludes by offering conceptual understanding of the emerging paradigm of employment and highlighting its cognitive features. The results obtained contribute to the development of the discussion on the future of work, related opportunities and threats. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying promising directions of state policy to regulate employment in the face of modern challenges.На протяжении всей истории человечества происходят масштабные преобразования, коренным образом меняющие привычный уклад жизни людей. Особенно характерно это проявляется в сфере занятости. Только за последние несколько столетий был пройден путь от преимущественно аграрной занятости в домохозяйствах с использованием ручного труда и естественной специализации до технологичного образа работника сервисной экономики. В этой связи целью статьи стало теоретическое осмысление и концептуализация процесса формирования новой парадигмы занятости сквозь призму глобальных вызовов. Гипотеза исследования - в современном мире занятость населения приобретает все более размытый характер, совмещая в себе черты разных эпох, что оборачивается усилением процессов расслоения общества и сегментации рынка труда. Работа основана на методологических принципах составления систематического обзора и включает следующие этапы: постановка цели и разработка дизайна исследования, отбор соответствующей литературы по выделенным критериям, обобщение и аналитический обзор отобранных источников, представление результатов. В ходе анализа выделены ключевые тенденции в сфере занятости на современном этапе общественного развития. К их числу отнесены: концентрация рабочей силы в третичном секторе, дестандартизация и повышение гибкости занятости, изменение требований экономики к человеческому капиталу и т. д. Особое внимание уделено влиянию глобальных вызовов на будущее сферы занятости в рамках однофакторных и комплексных сценариев ее развития. Представлен аналитический обзор международного опыта преодоления негативных последствий процесса трансформации занятости. На основе анализа сложившегося вокруг данной проблематики научного дискурса предложено концептуальное представление о формирующейся парадигме занятости и выделены ее когнитивные признаки. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие дискуссии о будущем сферы труда и связанных с ним возможностей и угроз и могут быть использованы при определении перспективных направлений государственной политики по регулированию занятости населения в условиях современных вызовов.а протяжении всей истории человечества происходят масштабные преобразования, коренным образом меняющие привычный уклад жизни людей. Особенно характерно это проявляется в сфере занятости. Только за последние несколько столетий был пройден путь от преимущественно аграрной занятости в домохозяйствах с использованием ручного труда и естественной специализации до технологичного образа работника сервисной экономики. В этой связи целью статьи стало теоретическое осмысление и концептуализация процесса формирования новой парадигмы занятости сквозь призму глобальных вызовов. Гипотеза исследования - в современном мире занятость населения приобретает все более размытый характер, совмещая в себе черты разных эпох, что оборачивается усилением процессов расслоения общества и сегментации рынка труда. Работа основана на методологических принципах составления систематического обзора и включает следующие этапы: постановка цели и разработка дизайна исследования, отбор соответствующей литературы по выделенным критериям, обобщение и аналитический обзор отобранных источников, представление результатов. В ходе анализа выделены ключевые тенденции в сфере занятости на современном этапе общественного развития. К их числу отнесены: концентрация рабочей силы в третичном секторе, дестандартизация и повышение гибкости занятости, изменение требований экономики к человеческому капиталу и т. д. Особое внимание уделено влиянию глобальных вызовов на будущее сферы занятости в рамках однофакторных и комплексных сценариев ее развития. Представлен аналитический обзор международного опыта преодоления негативных последствий процесса трансформации занятости. На основе анализа сложившегося вокруг данной проблематики научного дискурса предложено концептуальное представление о формирующейся парадигме занятости и выделены ее когнитивные признаки. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие дискуссии о будущем сферы труда и связанных с ним возможностей и угроз и могут быть использованы при определении перспективных направлений государственной политики по регулированию занятости населения в условиях современных вызовов.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-110-50402.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-110-50402

Sex differences in health-related quality of life trajectories following myocardial infarction: national longitudinal cohort study

Objectives To investigate sex-based differences in baseline values and longitudinal trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a large cohort of myocardial infarction (MI) survivors after adjusting for other important factors. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Population-based longitudinal study the Evaluation of the Methods and Management of Acute Coronary Events study linked with national cardiovascular registry. Data were collected from 77 hospitals in England between 1 November 2011 and 24 June 2015. Participants 9551 patients with MI. Patients were eligible for the study if they were ≥18 years of age. Primary and secondary outcome measures HRQoL was measured by EuroQol five-dimension, visual analogue scale (EQ-5D, EQ VAS) survey at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months after discharge. Multi-level linear and logistic regression models coupled with inverse probability weighted propensity scoring were used to evaluate sex differences in HRQoL following MI. Results Of the 9551 patients with MI and complete data on sex, 25.1% (2,397) were women. At baseline, women reported lower HRQoL (EQ VAS (mean (SD) 59.8 (20.4) vs 64.5 (20.9)) (median (IQR) 60.00 (50.00–75.00) vs 70.00 (50.00–80.00))) (EQ-5D (mean (SD) 0.66 (0.31) vs 0.74 (0.28)) (median (IQR) 0.73 (0.52–0.85) vs 0.81 (0.62–1.00))) and were more likely to report problems in each HRQoL domain compared with men. In the covariate balanced and adjusted multi-level model sex differences in HRQoL persisted during follow-up, with lower EQ VAS and EQ-5D scores in women compared with men (adjusted EQ VAS model sex coefficient: −4.41, 95% CI −5.16 to −3.66 and adjusted EQ-5D model sex coefficient: −0.07, 95% CI −0.08 to −0.06). Conclusions Women have lower HRQoL compared with men at baseline and during 12 months follow-up after MI. Tailored interventions for women following an MI could improve their quality of life. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04598048, NCT01808027, NCT0181910

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATOR CASH FLOW BASED ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Today, there is a problem of non-objectivity of financial statements. It is associated with deficiencies of existing software. The best solution to this problem is to transform the information into another form. This form should be easy to analyze and be objective. The purpose of our work is to create an aggregator that will collect and transform information

ICD-10 code-based definition of heart failure in Saint Petersburg electronic health records: prevalence, health care utilization and outcomes

Aim. To analyze prevalence of heart failure (HF), clinical and demographic characteristics, health care utilization, and outcomes according to the used International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes in regional integrated electronic health record database in Saint Petersburg.Material and methods. The retrospective analysis of the Saint Petersburg regional integrated electronic health record database for 2019 was performed. At least one of the following ICD-10 codes has been considered as HF case: I50.x (standard coding) and/or I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I25.5, I42.0, I42.9, I09.9, I43.0, I43.1, I43.2, I43.8, I42.5, I42.6, I42.7, I42.8 (extended coding).Results. A total of 64070 adult patients with HF had medical encounters in 2019, 34,5% of whom were identified using standard coding, 65,5% — using extended coding. The combination of codes was observed in 9,9% of cases. HF prevalence/mortality was 1,4%/6,8% in general, as well as 0,49%/15,7% and 0,93%/2,1% with standard and extended coding, respectively. HF patients had high healthcare utilization with the mean number of 14 encounters per patient per year. Actually, 24% of patients had more than 20 both inpatient and outpatient encounters and 54% of patients — at least 1 all-cause hospitalization during the year. Encounters of patients with HF accounted for 4,3% of all visits, 6,5% of all hospitalizations, 4,1% of all outpatient visits and 9,7% of all emergency contacts during the year. Patients identified by the standard coding compared with the extended coding had older age and higher incidence of comorbidities, as well as greater hospitalization and death rates, but lower number of outpatient visits.Conclusion. The prevalence of HF among the adult population of Saint. Petersburg in 2019 was 1,4%. HF was characterized by a high health care utilization and mortality rate reaching 15,7 % per year. The use of different approaches to coding presumably could help to identify different groups of patients with HF, which requires the adaptation of healthcare models and an active monitoring system to reduce the risk of adverse events

Оценка рациональности затрат на лечение тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии в условиях многопрофильног о стационара

Purpose — to study rationality of financial expenses on the treatment of patients with the severe pneumonia.Materials and methods. It was selected 30 medical histories of patients with severe community-acquires pneumonia passing hospitalization in pulmonology department and department of intensive care in 2004, 2011 and 2014. The frequency analysis was applied to studying the structure of the carried-out drug treatment and identification of frequency of the separate medicinal preparations. We have data about the cost of drug which were received from the database of «1C: Drugstore» of regional clinical hospital.Results. Expenses on the treatment of severe community-acquires pneumonia according to 2014 year are rational, 92.23% of expenses are vitally necessary drug entering into modern clinical references. According to the ABC/VEN analysis during the period from 2004 till 2014 we found positive dynamics of increase of expenditure of money at category V. The appreciable attention should be paid to the treatment of accompanying pathology in the therapy of severe communityacquires pneumonia which can make heavier a current of basic disease and become the reason of complications, often fatal. Costs of the medicinal preparations for treatment of the accompanying pathology in 2014 year was made 6.27% that it is necessary to consider at advance planning of provision of medicines in pulmonology department.Conclusion. The results received by us testify about rational use of financial costs on treatment of patients with severe community-acquires pneumonia.Цель — изучить рациональность финансовых затрат на лечение пациентов с тяжелым течением пневмонии.Материалы и методы. Было отобрано по 30 историй болезни пациентов с тяжелой внебольничной пневмонией, проходивших стационарное лечение в отделении пульмонологии и реанимации в 2004, 2011 и 2014 гг. Для изучения структуры проводимого медикаментозного лечения и выявления частоты назначения отдельных лекарственных препаратов применялся частотный анализ. Провести анализ рациональности лекарственной терапии и затрат на нее позволил ABC/VEN-анализ. Сведения о стоимости лекарственных препаратов получены из базы данных ККБ «1С: Аптека».Результаты. Затраты на лечение тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии, по данным 2014 г., рациональны, 92,23% затрат приходится на жизненно-важные лекарственные препараты, входящие в современные клинические рекомендации. В ходе проведенного ABC/VEN-анализа за период с 2004 по 2014 г. выявлена положительная динамика увеличения расходования денежных средств на катергорию V. В терапии тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии значительное внимание должно уделяться лечению сопутствующей патологии, которая может утяжелять течение основного заболевания и стать причиной осложнений, зачастую фатальных. Затраты на лекарственные препараты для лечения сопутствующей патологии в 2014 г. составили 6,27%, что необходимо учитывать при перспективном планировании лекарственного обеспечения отделения пульмонологии.Заключение. Полученные нами результаты свидетельствуют о рациональном использовании финансовых затрат на лечение пациентов с тяжелым течением пневмони