Social-sine cosine algorithm-based cross layer resource allocation in wireless network

Cross layer resource allocation in the wireless networks is approached traditionally either by communications networks or information theory. The major issue in networking is the allocation of limited resources from the users of network. In traditional layered network, the resource are allocated at medium access control (MAC) and the network layers uses the communication links in bit pipes for delivering the data at fixed rate with the occasional random errors. Hence, this paper presents the cross-layer resource allocation in wireless network based on the proposed social-sine cosine algorithm (SSCA). The proposed SSCA is designed by integrating social ski driver (SSD) and sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Also, for further refining the resource allocation scheme, the proposed SSCA uses the fitness based on energy and fairness in which max-min, hard-fairness, proportional fairness, mixed-bias and the maximum throughput is considered. Based on energy and fairness, the cross-layer optimization entity makes the decision on resource allocation to mitigate the sum rate of network. The performance of resource allocation based on proposed model is evaluated based on energy, throughput, and the fairness. The developed model achieves the maximal energy of 258213, maximal throughput of 3.703, and the maximal fairness of 0.868, respectively

Gauss Legendre Quadrature Formulae for Tetrahedra

In this paper we consider the Gauss Legendre quadrature method for numerical integration over the standard tetrahedron: {(x, y, z)| 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 1, x + y + z ≤ 1} in the Cartesian three-dimensional (x, y, z) space. The mathematical transformation from the (x, y, z) space to (ξ, η, ζ) space is described to map the standard tetrahedron in (x, y, z) space to a standard 2-cube: {(ξ, η, ζ)| − 1 ≤ ξ, η, ζ ≤ 1} in the (ξ, η, ζ) space. This overcomes the difficulties associated with the derivation of new weight co-efficients and sampling points. The effectiveness of the formulae is demonstrated by applying them to the integration of three nonpolynomial and three polynomial functions

Differential binding of RNA polymerase to the wild type Mu mom promoter and its C independent mutant: a theoretical analysis

Using the theoretical model for DNA bending we have analyzed the Mu mom promoter wild type and its mutant tin7 which showed differential binding to the RNA polymerase. We have demonstrated here the structural change as a result of the point mutation which may be responsible for the altered binding of RNA polymerase. Analysis using both sets of parameters essentially gives the same result

Cashew research in India

Cashew, after its introduction from Brazil during the 16th Century, has established very well in India. A total of 40 high-yielding varieties have been released so far by the Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, and various Agricultural Universities, for cultivation. Of these, 13 are hybrids and 27 are selections. Research achievements in the area of crop improvement, management, protection and post-harvest technology over the last six decades are reviewed and documented here. As India has been importing raw nuts to the tune of 6.5 lakh tons annually to cater the demand of established processing factories, research priorities have been identified to meet the challenges of enhancing production and productivity of cashew in the country

Evaluation of new insecticide molecules for their effectiveness in the management of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen)

An experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India during 2015, to assess the chemical control of sugarcane early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus). Nine insecticides namely, Fipronil 0.3G, Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Spinosad 45SC, Flubendiamide 39.35SC, Cartap hydrochloride 4G, Phorate 10G, Carbofuran 3G, Chlorpyriphos 20EC, and compared with untreated (Check plot)using randomized block design with three replications. Significant differences were noticed among the treatments. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G recorded lowest cumulative incidence (2.79 %) and highest per cent reduction over the control (85.78 %) which was followed by Cartap hydrochloride 4G (5.37% and 72.65%), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (5.95% and 75.62%), Flubendiamide 39.35SC (6.64% and 66.19%) and Fipronil 0.3G (6.83% and 65.22%) were found significantly superior in reducing the cumulative incidence of C. infuscatellus.In Co 86032 Cartap hydrochloride 4G was found to be the best insecticide in getting a highest cost benefit ratio (1:12.39). Other insecticides such as Fipronil 0.3G (1:8.84), Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (1:6.96), Flubendiamide 39.35SC (1:5.42) and Spinosad 45SC (1:4.16) have also recorded better cost benefit ratio. Since Cartap hydrochloride 4G does not have crop label so we can recommend Fipronil 0.3G or Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G for the management of sugarcane early shoot borer

Nanomaterial Modification for Bioconjugation and Enhanced Stability Towards Optical Sensor Development

The evolving field of nanomaterial synthesis needs adaptable techniques for the modification and construction of multifunctional components. In this work, a unique layer-by-layer (LbL) method is demonstrated as a generic pathway for nanomaterial stabilization and bioconjugation, facilitating manipulation and handling for new applications. In particular, nanomaterials have unique optical properties that can potentially improve the sensitivity and long-term performance in applications such as optical biosensors, particularly those based on energy transfer. However, the reproducible integration of nanomaterials into stable assays remains a significant challenge. Therefore, the generalized LbL technique was specifically applied towards the fabrication of a novel nanomaterial-enabled optical sensor. The broader implications of this LbL technique on nanoparticles were explored by characterizing the capabilities and performance of multiple nanoscale core materials and prospective polymer coatings. The modified nanomaterials were characterized for their colloidal and optical stability under varying pH, buffer, and ionic strength conditions. A single bilayer coating of weak and weak-strong polymers using the developed procedure was capable of imparting colloidal stability with a minimal hydrodynamic size increase; an essential feature for energy transfer sensors. The application of this LbL coating was demonstrated for the construction of a nanomaterial-enabled energy transfer sensor utilizing concanavalin A (ConA)-coated gold nanorods (energy acceptors) combined with fluorescent gold nanoclusters (NCs) grown within ovalbumin (OVA) (energy donors). The successful construction of the sensor components was verified and the concept demonstrated via reversible quenching in the presence of increasing glucose concentrations. Calcium carbonate was explored as a porous template for the encapsulation of affinity sensing chemistry. The entire process was studied; synthesis of the carbonate template, capsule formation via LbL, and dissolution of carbonate to form a hollow capsule, along with the incorporation of assay components using co-precipitation. The knowledge gained provides fundamental insight for improving the function of sensor schemes utilizing carbonate and to guide future considerations for encapsulation. These results demonstrate significant advances for the reliable fabrication of nanomaterial-enabled optical sensors. The fundamental knowledge and experimental expertise developed shall guide the rational design of future sensor iterations for improved performance

Activity of radon (222Rn) in the lower atmospheric surface layer of a typical rural site in south India

Analysis of one year measurements of in situ radon (222Rn) and its progenies along with surface air temperature, relative humidity and pressure near to the Earth’s surface has been carried out for the first time at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL, 13.5∘N and 79.2∘E) located in a rural site in Gadanki, south India. The dataset was analysed to understand the behaviour of radon in relation to the surface air temperature and relative humidity at a rural site. It was observed that over a period of the 24 hours in a day, the activity of radon and its progenies reaches a peak in the morning hours followed by a remarkable decrease in the afternoon hours. Relatively, a higher concentration of radon was observed at NARL during fair weather days, and this can be attributed to the presence of rocky hills and dense vegetation surrounding the site. The high negative correlation between surface air temperature and activity of radon (R = – 0.70, on an annual scale) suggests that dynamical removal of radon due to increased vertical mixing is one of the most important controlling processes of the radon accumulation in the atmospheric surface layer. The annual averaged activity of radon was found to be 12.01±0.66 Bq m−3 and 4.25±0.18 Bq m−3 for its progenies, in the study period

Synthesis and characterization of novel imidazoquinoline based 2-azetidinones as potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents

AbstractA new series of N-substituted azetidinones (9a–h) synthesized by condensation of 4-arylidene hydrazino 1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines (8a–h) with chloroacetyl chloride afforded 4-arylazetidin-2-ones (9a–h). The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. All synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The hydrazone derivatives (8a–h) showed good antibacterial activity. Compounds 9a and 9b exhibited good anticancer activity. In a molecular docking study compounds 9a and 9b showed minimum binding energy and good affinity towards the active pocket. Thus, are believed to be good inhibitors of β-tubulin

Scrub Typhus and Myocarditis: A Rare Complication

Scrub typhus, also called bush typhus, is a zoonotic disease a Gram-negative bacterium. Its presentation may range from nonspecific febrile illness to severe disease, with cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and neurological involvement. Myocarditis is one of the rare complications of scrub typhus. Hence, we are reporting a case of a 50-year-old male, farmer by occupation, presenting to us in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome who developed myocarditis during second week of his illness