Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurial Competencies Development among University Students

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at a comparative analysis of the level of students’ entrepreneurial competencies of various forms of education (full-time, parttime, correspondence courses forms). The sample included 564 students of Ural State University of Economics (Yekaterinburg) and Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky (Omsk) of non-core areas of training. Empirical data were collected using an online survey and the method of narrative essays. The data obtained were interpreted and processed using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, R), one-factor analysis of variance, factor analysis and qualitative analysis of student histories. The conducted research makes it possible to assess the differences in the level of assessed competencies of students depending on the form of study, to determine the correlation of the presence of entrepreneurial intentions and assessments of students’ entrepreneurial competencies, as well as to analyze the attitude of students to the importance of the formation of entrepreneurial competencies at the university. As a result, statistically significant differences in the values of indicators of competence development by the factor of the education form by university students were revealed. Based on the data obtained on the research issues, the authors actualize the importance of attention to the development of entrepreneurial intentions and competencies of university students in non-core areas of training, including through the introduction of special disciplines into the curricula, which can become one of the predictors of the economic and social well-being of the country

Current Trends in Treatment for Acid-Dependent Diseases: Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Rabeprazole

Aim. A comparative review of the rabeprazole properties vs. other PPIs, its efficacy and safety in treatment for aciddependent diseases.Key points. Rabeprazole provides a rapid proton pump blockade in parietal cells due to its high dissociation constant (pKa). A lower rabeprazole metabolic dependence on cytochrome P-450 enzyme system renders its antisecretory effect predictable and reduces the risk of interactions with other drugs metabolised through this system. A faster antisecretory effect and higher acid-suppressive activity of rabeprazole determine its better clinical efficacy in treatment for such acid-dependent diseases as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer. This makes rabeprazole (Pariet) a preferred drug in course and maintenance therapies for acid-dependent diseases, as well as in H. pylori eradication.Conclusion. The rabeprazole properties of high acid suppression potential, persistent antisecretory effect from first day of therapy, non-enzymatic metabolism and pleiotropic action determine its high efficacy in treatment for a wide range of acid-dependent diseases at a minimal risk of drug interaction

Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment

Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 μg m−3 and 1.34 μg m−3, is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 μg m−3 and 0.77 μg m−3, are underestimated by a factor of 2–5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr−1 brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model)

Practical implementation of the process of digitalization of education in master programs

The work aims at solving one of the problems of digitalization of education in the direction of training 44.04.01 “Pedagogical education” (in the master's program “Information and Communication Technologies in Education”). The leading method for studying this problem is the method of comparison and grouping, which allows us to identify the effectiveness of electronic educational materials and digital educational resources as components of the process of the digitalization of education in the preparation of master’s degree graduate

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Doped Apatite-type Lanthanum Silicates

In this paper, our results on mechanochemical synthesis of ATLS are summarized. The effect of the dopant type, its parent compound nature and amount of water on the Al and Fe-doped ATLS formation as well as possible phenomenological models of mechanism of apatitetype silicates synthesis are considered. As lanthanum and silicon sources, the La2O3 and SiO2∙nH2O have been taken. As dopant precursors, Fe- and Al-oxides and hydroxides, Fe(HCOO)3, SiO2 impregnated with nitrates have been taken. The apatite formation in the course of milling is studied by XRD, TEM, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The key role of intermediate La(OH)3 formation, acid-base reactions and double-contact generation in the many-component mixtures due to aluminum or ferrosilicate formation for the rapid MCS of doped ATLS is shown. The doped ATLS formation via the topotactic mechanism was observed in the case of mixtures containing Al(OH)3 and SiO2 impregnated with nitrates. The water presence favours fast passing of acid-base reactions, however a large quantity of water may lead to ATLS formation via the activated mixture amorphization

Efficacy of Topical Corticosteroid Monotherapy in Inducing and Maintaining Clinical and Histologic Remission in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the second most common cause of esophagitis. Topical steroids represent a promising group of drugs for inducing and maintaining clinical and histological remission in these patients.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of topical steroids in inducing and maintaining clinical and histological remission in adolescent and adult patients with EoE.Methods. A systematic literature search using defined keywords was performed up to March 20, 2021 in the MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrial.gov databases.Results. 390 patients from 5 studies were included in this systematic review with meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that topical steroids, compared with placebo, was more effective in inducing (odds ratio (OR) 75.77; 95 % confidence interval (CI): (21.8; 263.41), p < 0.001) and maintaining complete histological remission (OR 103.65; 95 % CI: (36.05; 298.01), p < 0.001) in patients with EoE. Also, topical steroids significantly relieved disease symptoms compared with placebo in inducing and maintaining clinical remission (OR 4.86; 95 % CI: (1.4; 16.86), p = 0.01) and (OR 11.06; 95 % CI: (4.62; 26.45), p < 0.001) respectively.Conclusions. Topical steroids represent an effective group of drugs for inducing and maintaining histologic and clinical remission in adolescent and adult patients with EoE

ДОСВІД ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ В ХАРКІВСЬКІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ АКАДЕМІЇ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article analyzes the approaches to the definition of quality education and its support; the basic issue of increasing the quality of postgraduate medical (pharmaceutical) education as a prerequisite for its integration into the European educational and scientific space; policy highlights KhMAPE Quality assurance and internal quality assurance system of education, which includes analysis and quantitative indicators aimed at maintaining the existing system of values and traditions; highlights promising experiences concerning the quality of postgraduate medical education; the ways to improve it.У статті проаналізовано  підходи щодо визначення поняття якості освіти та її забезпечення; розглянуто основні питання підвищення якості післядипломної медичної (фармацевтичної) освіти як однієї з передумов її інтеграції до Європейського освітнього та наукового простору; висвітлені політика ХМАПО щодо забезпечення якості та внутрішня система забезпечення якості освітньої діяльності, яка включає аналіз кількісних показників та спрямована на підтримку існуючої системи цінностей і традицій; висвітлено перспективний досвід щодо забезпечення якості післядипломної медичної освіти; окреслено шляхи її підвищення

Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites in Pathogenesis of NAFLD

Aim: to provide information on the results of recent scientific research in the field of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) metabolomic profiling.Key points. Metabolites of microbial origin are important biological molecules involved in many specific reactions of the human body. This literature review presents the results of recent studies in the field of metabolomics in patients with NAFLD. A more detailed understanding of the role of individual metabolites or their combinations in the NAFLD pathogenesis will allow us to determine the vector of further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this nosology. The research results of the probiotics effect on the levels of certain metabolites are currently being discussed.Conclusion. New research data in the field of studying the human metabolomic profile are presented. The results allow us to summarize the effects of microbial agents and their metabolites in the formation of changes in the liver parenchyma in the context of NAFLD. Changes in the level of endogenous ethanol, secondary bile acids, aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids, etc. have been described. Correlation between metabolites and certain bacterial strains has been established. A correlation between the ratio of bacteria types and clinical/laboratory parameters was noted in patients taking prebiotics

Inflammation, impaired motor function and visceral hypersensitivity: the main mechanisms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (materials of the Expert Council and literature review)

Aim. To review the main mechanisms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and to present the materials of an Expert Council, which was held on 10 December 2021 in Moscow.Key points. The pathogenesis of the most common functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract — functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial and includes motor disorders of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, visceral hypersensitivity, changes in the intestinal microbiome, impairment of the permeability of the protective barrier, low-grade inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, etc. This often leads to the prescription of a complex of various medications to such patients, which increases the risk of undesirable drug interactions and side effects. Multitargeted therapy involves the use of drugs that simultaneously affect different pathogenetic links. One of these drugs is Iberogast®, which normalizes gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensitivity, has an anti-inflammatory action and is highly effective in treatment of FD and IBS.Conclusion. In the treatment of functional gastrointestinal diseases characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis, preference should be given to multi-targeted therapy with the use of drugs that have an effect on its various links

First observation of proton reflection from bent crystals

We recently suggested using short bent crystals as primary collimators in a two stage cleaning system for hadron colliders, with the aim of providing larger impact parameters in the secondary bulk absorber, through coherent beam-halo deflection [1]. Tests with crystals a few mm long, performed with 70 GeV proton beams at IEHP in Protvino, showed a channeling efficiency exceeding 85 %. We also observed disturbing phenomena such as dechannelling at large impact angle, insufficient bending induced by volume capture inside the crystal, multiple scattering of non-channeled protons and, for the first time, a proton flux reflected by the crystalline planes. Indeed, protons with a tangent path to the curved planes somewhere inside the crystal itself are deflected in the opposite direction with respect to the channeled particles, with an angle almost twice as large as the critical angle. This effect, up to now only predicted by computer simulations [2], produces a flux of particles in the wrong direction with respect to the absorber, which may hamper the collimation efficiency if neglected