Morphological Analysis of the Human Internal Iliac Artery in South Indian Population

Objectives: The accidental hemorrhage is common due to erroneous interpretation of the variant arteries during surgical procedures, hence the present study has been undertaken with reference to its morphological significance. The objectives were to examine the level of origin, length and the branching pattern of the human internal iliac artery in South Indian population. Methods: The study included 60 human bisected pelvises irrespective of their side and sex. The specimens were collected from the anatomy laboratory and were fixed with the formalin. The branching patterns were studied and demonstrated as per the guidelines of Adachi. Results: The origin of internal iliac artery was at the level of S1 vertebra in majority (58.3%) of the cases. The average length of internal iliac artery was 37 ± 4.62 mm (range, 13-54 mm). The type I pattern of the internal iliac artery was most common (83.5%) followed by types III and II. The type IV and V pattern of adachi were not observed. Conclusions: The results of this study were different from those reported by others and may be because of racial and geographical variations. Prior knowledge of the anatomical variations is beneficial for the vascular surgeons ligating the internal iliac artery or its branches and the radiologists interpreting angiograms of the pelvic region

Breast Cancer Migration Is Inhibited By Ficus Glomerata Roxb Leaf Column Elute Via An Inflammatory And Apoptotic Cell Signalling Pathway

Among developed countries, breast carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in women. Breast carcinoma is the result of the fusion of several biological structures, each with its own physiological characteristics and clinical repercussions. The Ficus genus has been reported to have important pharmacological properties in a variety of plants. The current study examined at the anti-mammary action of Ficus glomerata leaf column elute (FGLCE) in 12-Dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) driven breast cancer and the mechanism behind it. To produce tumors in female rats, a single dosage of DMBA (25 mg/kg) was injected into the mammary gland. The female rats were divided into five groups- Group I. Control group; Group II- control + FGLCE (100mg/kg of BW); Group III- DMBA treated rats; Group IV- DMBA + FGLCE treated; Group V- DMBA + DOX (5 mg/kg) treated rats. Tumor burden, incidence, and volume were measured at the end of the experiment.The lipid profile (TC, FFA, PL, and TG) in plasma, liver tissue, and mammary tissue were all calculated.At a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, DMBA inhibits the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).DMBA  at a dose concentration 25mg/ kg body weight xenobiotic  markers increased in group III rats When compared to the control group  and glycoprotein p53, and TNF-α, the dose-dependent treatment with FGLCE (P<0.05) significantly reduced .Hepatic markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α), and inflammatory mediators such as nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-kB) were considerably (P<0.05) down regulated by FGLCE. FGLCE significantly (P<0.05) reduced apoptotic regulator (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Breast Cancer gene 1 (BRCA-1) expression when compared to DMBA control group rats.Therefore, the findings suggest that FGLCE has a protective effect against DMBA-induced mammary gland in rats

Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in elective obstetric and gynaecological surgeries-a descriptive study

Background: Wound infection is a common complication of obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. It is not clear whether single dose perioperative prophylaxis with antibiotics is sufficient to prevent wound infections. This study was conducted to assess whether perioperative single dose antibiotic is effective in preventing post-operative infections in women undergoing elective obstetric and gynaecological surgeries.Methods: Participants were administered a single dose of 1gm Cefotaxime intravenously before obstetric and gynecological surgery and followed up for the incidence of post-operative complications such as wound infections, wound resuturing etc.Results: Study included 154 electives obstetric and gynecologic cases. 86 were obstetric cases and 68 were gynecologic surgeries. For gynecologic surgeries Cefotaxime injection 1g IV was given 30 minutes before surgery and for obstetric surgeries the same was given after cord clamping. Incidence of febrile morbidity was 5.8% in obstetric cases and 10.3% in gynecologic cases. Incidence of wound infection was 2.32% in obstetric cases and 1.47% in gynecologic cases. Three cases had wound infection, the organisms isolated in wound infection were E. coli, Pseudomonas, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus which were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactum and linezolid. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8.2 days in obstetric and 8.03 days for gynecologic patients.Conclusions: Single dose Cefotaxime prophylaxis is equally effective compared to conventional multi-dose antibiotic therapy. It is cost effective and safe for both obstetric and gynecological surgeries

Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat Desa di Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar

The Imbalance Level of Households Income Distribution in Sub district of Peukan Bada, Aceh BesarABSTRACT. The research aims to measure the imbalance level of household's income distribution in the sub district of Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar. The method used is survey method. Sampling was conducted randomly and multi stage. The results were analyzed with gain ratio coefficient. It shows that the income distribution of households for those who work as farmer and local labor is categorized as moderate while that for those who work as civil employee and merchant is categorized as low. The calculation shows gain ratio index is 0.386 which lies on moderate category. Based on the World Bank criterion, it was found that 40% of the people with low income in this area have 11.4% of income per year. That means, the imbalance of income distribution in the sub district of Peukan Bada lies in a low level

Limited Data Speaker Verification: Fusion of Features

The present work demonstrates experimental evaluation of speaker verification for different speech feature extraction techniques with the constraints of limited data (less than 15 seconds). The state-of-the-art speaker verification techniques provide good performance for sufficient data (greater than 1 minutes). It is a challenging task to develop techniques which perform well for speaker verification under limited data condition. In this work different features like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC), Delta (4), Delta-Delta (44), Linear Prediction Residual (LPR) and Linear Prediction Residual Phase (LPRP) are considered. The performance of individual features is studied and for better verification performance, combination of these features is attempted. A comparative study is made between Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and GMM-universal background model (GMM-UBM) through experimental evaluation. The experiments are conducted using NIST-2003 database. The experimental results show that, the combination of features provides better performance compared to the individual features. Further GMM-UBM modeling gives reduced equal error rate (EER) as compared to GMM

Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Chrysanthemum

Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were carried out among ten genotypes of chrysanthemum for characters to identify elite genotypes to be used in breeding programme. The results showed high phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation for traits like number of suckers per plant (GCV=90.13; PCV=95.67) and flower disc diameter (GCV=63.19; PCV=66.76). High heritability values were obtained for all the characterister except number of sprays per plant and plant spread. In high heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of suckers per plant (174.91), flower disc diameter (123.23) and number of flowers per plant (114.81). It was observed that heritable variability in the breeding materials characters like number of suckers per plant, flower disc diameter, number of flowers per plant, flower weight, yield per plant and number of ray florets could be exploited for improvement through crop breeding programme

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT LINN IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) in experimental mice models.Methods: Ethanolic extract of root parts of Mimosa pudica (EMPR) was prepared by a continuous method using soxhlet apparatus. EMPR in doses of 1000, 2000 mg/kg body wt along with valproate were administrated to albino mice by oral route and anti-epileptic activity was assessed by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase and an increase in seizure latency period, when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection in MES and PTZ induced convulsion models respectively.Results: EMPR in the dose of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body wt of mice showed significant anti-epileptic property in both MES and PTZ induced seizure models. There was a significant abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase in MES model. There was also a significant increase in seizure latency period in PTZ induced seizure model.Conclusion: Results suggest that ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica roots possess significant anti-epileptic activity. Further investigations are required to determine its active constituents and also its antiepileptic mechanism of action

Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of some Cultivars of Chrysanthemum

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ten chrysanthemum cultivars for better post harvest quality under open field condition at University of Agricultural Sceinces, Bangalore. Flowers were harvested at fully open stage or nearly so. The results showed that the maximum stalk girth (0.32 cm) was recorded in Cv. Cassa and the maximum flower diameter (8.14 cm) was recorded in cv. Ravikiran, Cultivar Cassa recorded the maximum flower weight (3.59 g). Maximum number of ray florets were recorded by cv. Nilima (253.2). The maximum length of ray florets were recorded in cv. Ravikiran (3.96 cm). Maximum fresh weight, final weight and water loss (88.33, 40.63 and 47.67g respectively) from the spray type flowers were recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Longer vase life of 16 days was also recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Based on the performance studies it was observed that Arka Swarna, Ravikiran, Red gold, Nilima and Arka Ravi performed better post harvest quality and may be selected for cut flower production

Isolation of a novel soil fungus VT-NSK capable of utilizing the distillery spentwash and synthetic melanoidin – a preliminary report

Soil samples collected from Mc Dowell’s Distillery Ltd, Aleppey, India were screened for potent melanoidin degrading fungus. Seven fungi were obtained in pure culture. Out of the seven isolates obtained, one strain showing highest rate of melanoidin degradation was coded as VT-NSK and was characterized in detail. The isolate VT-NSK was systematically identified by microscopy, phylogeny by molecular techniques like 18 S rRNA gene sequencing followed by Blast analysis. The isolate VT-NSK was further screened for the melanoidin degrading activity on 1% synthetic melanoidin and 10% distillery effluent amended Czapek dox medium. The isolate showed a decolourization zone of 61mm diameter in 1% synthetic melanoidin and 69mm diameter in 10% distillery effluent amended czapek dox medium after 48hours of incubation. 18S r RNA gene sequencing of the isolate showed maximum alignment with Cunninghamella blakesleeana sp belonging to zygomycetes class. The sequence has been deposited in GenBank with Accession number  JN570507