Inter-regional Migration: The UK experience

This paper looks at the scenario of intra-UK migration amongst its four regions. The level of intra-UK migration is significant and is increasing over time. Using several measures of the balance in migration we observe that, broadly speaking, the balance is improving. We also examine the impact of changes in the regional per capita GDPs and unemployment levels on regional migration using panel analysis. Several authors find these to be significant factors in international migration. However, it seems that neither regional per capita GDP nor the unemployment level has a significant effect on regional migration in the UK (although the regression coefficients have the correct signs). In the case of regional migration in the UK, it is other characteristics of the source and destination regions which appear to matter most

Effect of grazing management on the maintenance of white clover

End of Project ReportTeagasc acknowledges the support of the European Union Structural Funds (EAGGF) and the European Union DGX11 (Science and Technology for Development Programme, Sub-programme Life Sciences and Technologies for Developing Countries (ST3) in Contract TS3* CT93 0202) in the financing of this project.The objectives of the project were to compare different cultivar types and methods to establish and maintain them in reseeded and permanent pastures as a basis for efficient low cost sheep production. In Ireland only 3% of pastures are reseeded annually and permanent pastures rarely contain more than 5% white clover. Improved clover content offers benefits of higher lamb growth rate and reduced fertiliser N use. Comparisons under cutting conditions provided no basis for replacement of Grasslands Huia by the new cultivar Aberherald. Grasslands Huia established successfully following direct reseeding and rotational grazing by sheep. It established more quickly than Kentish and gave higher yield only in the first year. A mixture of small and medium size white clovers should be sown for sheep grazing. Increasing seeding rate from 2 to 4 kg per ha increased pasture clover content only in the first year. Grasslands Huia persisted quite well for up to 5 years under rotational sheep grazing. It also survived under continuous grazing but leaf size was reduced. Rotational grazing management with sheep increased the clover content of permanent pasture from under 2% to 4% over 2 years. Highest clover yields were achieved with rest intervals of 20 to 28 days. Simulated mixed sheep and cattle rotational grazing on permanent pasture resulted in intermediate (10 to 12%) clover dry matter contributions to total dry matter compared with cattle (15 to 18%) and sheep (5 to 8%). Lamb growth rate was about 35% higher when the clover content of the sward was increased from very low to about 35%.European Unio

Undergraduate Student Perceptions Regarding the Use of Educational Technology – A Case Study in a Statistics Service Course

Published ArticleIntegrating theory with practice has become a mandatory requirement for universities of technology. Using educational technology to supplement traditional pedagogical approaches has contributed significantly to achieving this mandate. However, which educational technologies could help improve the educational experience of students in a statistical service course? This research uses an exploratory design, where one large group of undergraduate students were polled using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint presentations were viewed as a very good supplemental educational tool, while YouTube clips, myVUT (institutional learning management system using Sakai) and the business/financial calculator were not fully utilised by the students. However, the majority of students selected the prescribed textbook as the most useful educational tool in understanding first year statistics, as it was a locally published textbook with many native examples. A blend of all these educational technologies helped to enrich student understanding and satisfaction in learning statistical concepts

The Levelised Cost of Frequency Control Ancillary Services in Australia’s National Electricity Market

Over the period 2016-2021 Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM) experienced an investment supercycle, with 16,000MW of new utility-scale variable renewable plant commitments (and an additional 8,000MW of rooftop solar PV) in a power system with a ratcheted peak demand of 35,000MW. The sharp rise in intermittent asynchronous resources and the disorderly loss of 5,000MW of synchronous coal-fired generation plant placed strains on system security – most visibly represented by the rapid deterioration in the distribution of the power systems’ (50Hz) Frequency. This in turn necessitated material changes to the NEM’s suite of Frequency Control Ancillary Service (FCAS) markets. Utility-scale batteries are ideally suited for FCAS duties, but unlike the wholesale electricity market, there is no forward price curve for Frequency Control Ancillary Services, nor is there any systematic framework for determining equilibrium prices that might otherwise be used for investment decision-making. In this article, we develop an approach for quantifying long run equilibrium prices in the markets for Frequency Control Ancillary Services, with the intended application being to guide the suitability of utility-scale battery investments under conditions of uncertainty and missing forward FCAS markets

Alternative scenarios to the “banner” years: A test of alternative formats to Web banner ads

A test of alternative formats to Web banner ads

Chasing the second gamma-ray bright isolated neutron star: 3EG J1835+5918/RX J1836.2+5925

The EGRET telescope aboard NASAs Compton GRO has repeatedly detected 3EG J1835+5918, a bright and steady source of high-energy gamma-ray emission with no identification suggested until recently. The long absence of any likely counterpart for a bright gamma-ray source located 25 degrees off the Galactic plane initiated several attempts of deep observations at other wavelengths. We report on counterparts in X-rays on a basis of a 60 ksec ROSAT HRI image. In order to conclude on the plausibility of the X-ray counterparts, we reanalyzed data from EGRET at energies above 100 MeV and above 1 GeV, including data up to CGRO observation cycle 7. The gamma-ray source location represents the latest and probably the final positional assessment based on EGRET data. The X-ray counterparts were studied during follow-up optical identification campaigns, leaving only one object to be likely associated with the gamma-ray source 3EG J1835+5918. This object, RX J1836.2+5925, has the characteristics of an isolated neutron star and possibly of a radio-quiet pulsar.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the 270. WE-Heraeus Seminar on Neutron Stars, Pulsars and Supernova Remnants, Jan. 21-25, 2002, Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, eds W. Becker, H. Lesch & J. Truemper. Proceedings are available as MPE-Report 27

Are Q-stars a serious threat for stellar-mass black hole candidates?

We examine the status of the threat posed to stellar-mass black hole candidates by the possible existence of Q-stars (compact objects with an exotic equation of state which might have masses well above the normally-accepted maximum for standard neutron stars). We point out that Q-stars could be extremely compact (with radii less than 1.5 times the corresponding Schwarzschild radius) making it quite difficult to determine observationally that a given object is a black hole rather than a Q-star, unless there is direct evidence for the absence of a solid surface. On the other hand, in order for a Q-star to have a mass as high as that inferred for the widely-favoured black hole candidate V404 Cygni, it would be necessary for the Q-matter equation of state to apply already at densities an order of magnitude below that of nuclear matter and this might well be considered implausible on physical grounds. We also describe how rotation affects the situation and discuss the prospects for determining observationally that black hole candidates are not Q-stars.Comment: 4 pages Latex, 5 figures, to appear in MNRA

On the time dependent Schwarzschild - de Sitter spacetime

An imperfect cosmic fluid with energy flux is analyzed. Even though its energy density $\rho$ is positive, the pressure $p = -\rho$ due to the fact that the metric is asymptotically de Sitter. The kinematical quantities for a nongeodesic congruence are computed. The scalar expansion is time independent but divergent at the singularity $r = 2m$. Far from the central mass $m$ and for a cosmic time $\bar{t} << H^{-1}$, the heat flux $q$ does not depend on Newton's constant $G$.Comment: 8 pages, no figures, Sections 3 and 5 enlarged, one reference adde