Observation of polarization quantum noise of laser radiation in Rb vapor cell

We present experimental study of polarization quantum noise of laser radiation passed through optically think vapor of Rb87. We observe a step-like noise spectrum. We discuss various factor which may result in such noise spectrum and prevent observation of squeezing of quantum fluctuations predicted in Matsko et al. PRA 63, 043814 (2001).Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Translated from Russian by I. Novikov

Communicative search for a way out of the impasse in cross-cultural communication: conditions for narrowing the "gaps" between the languages

The paper addresses the issue of linguistic differences in cross-cultural communication and discusses communicative strategies that could be used to mitigate them. The authors argue that lingua-didactic multicultural education can help remove the main obstacle in the traditional teaching of Russian as a foreign language (RFL) - a "clash of cultures"; and not only can introduce a model of teaching to write, read, and speak in Russian, but can also offer a system of instruction that will allow the students to understand the way Russians think, which surely would make it easier for them to "translate" a text from one culture into another in a non-native "cultural environment" providing a polylingual format for interactio

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА МОДЕЛЬ КРЕДИТУВАННЯ СУБ’ЄКТІВ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ

In the article investigated the experience of formation, development and operation of small business crediting in the developed countries. Also systematic differences between foreign experience of small businesses crediting based on the determination of the European model of crediting.Studying the experience of a European model of lending to small businesses is important in terms of developing a long-term strategy for developing and supporting small businesses. Much of this experience can be reflected in the legal, organizational and institutional forming of Ukrainian policy related to small business, both at the national level and at the level of each individual region. According to the realities of the Ukrainian economy of these foreign tools that promote small business loans, you can create associations of mutual guarantees and state insurance fund credit risks. Using these tools will allow small businesses receive guarantees from its counterparties to obtain credit in the bank, not to burden the state budget and develop financial risk insurance.В статье проведено исследование опыта становления, развития и функционирования кредитования малого бизнеса в развитых странах. Также систематизированы отличия иностранного опыта кредитования малого бизнеса на основе определения содержания европейской модели кредитования.В статті досліджено досвід розвинутих країн щодо становлення, розвитку та функціонування кредитування малого бізнесу. Також, систематизовано відмінності зарубіжного досвіду кредитування малого бізнесу на основі визначення змістовності європейської моделі кредитування

Temperature dependence of the electron spin g factor in GaAs

The temperature dependence of the electron spin $g$ factor in GaAs is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, the $g$ factor was measured using time-resolved Faraday rotation due to Larmor precession of electron spins in the temperature range between 4.5 K and 190 K. The experiment shows an almost linear increase of the $g$ value with the temperature. This result is in good agreement with other measurements based on photoluminescence quantum beats and time-resolved Kerr rotation up to room temperature. The experimental data are described theoretically taking into account a diminishing fundamental energy gap in GaAs due to lattice thermal dilatation and nonparabolicity of the conduction band calculated using a five-level kp model. At higher temperatures electrons populate higher Landau levels and the average $g$ factor is obtained from a summation over many levels. A very good description of the experimental data is obtained indicating that the observed increase of the spin $g$ factor with the temperature is predominantly due to band's nonparabolicity.Comment: 6 pages 4 figure

Ethno-didactic specifics of training chinese students in the russian language: the experience of russian universities

The paper systematizes and generalizes the ethno-oriented experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the education systems of Russia and China. The number of foreign subjects wishing to study for a degree in Russia is now increasing; it is almost the same as it was before the perestroika times. The majority of foreign students come from China. In order to make the training effective, ethnic and cultural specifics should be taken into consideration in teaching Russian as a foreign languag

Morpho-histological analysis of shoot regeneration and large-scale propagation of an endangered species Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.

An efficient system for the in vitro propagation of the endangered medicinal and winter-hardy ornamental plant, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., through high frequency shoot induction from seedlings and in vitro-derived apical shoots was developed. While testing different zeatin (Z) concentrations in the seedling culture, both axillary shoot regeneration and adventitious shoot formation on hypocotyls were observed. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration from seedlings (80 %), including formation of adventitious buds on hypocotyls (25 %), was recorded in the presence of 1.0 µM Z. The highest adventitious shoot numbers per explant (31.12 ± 6.19) were formed under 2.5 µM Z. Histological examination confirmed that adventitious buds directly originated from parenchymal cells of the hypocotyl. The effect of different concentrations of 2-isopentenyladenine and Z alone as well as in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on axillary shoot proliferation from apical shoot explants was studied. The highest regeneration frequency (100 %) and shoot multiplication (9.70 ± 0.63) with a maximum length (15.75 mm) were obtained by using a combination of 0.1 µM IAA with 1.0 µM Z. The most efficient root formation was achieved through 4-hour pulse treatment with 148.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid followed by ex vitro rooting in a mixture of peat and sand (1 : 1). This study contributes to conventional and genetic-engineering breeding programs for creating new frost-resistant cultivars and developing a strategy for R. mucronulatum germplasm conservation, as well as commercial large-scale propagation

Morpho-functional characterisation of protective mechanisms of neutrophils in the patients at the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a unique clinical “model” for studying the functions of immunocompetent cells under the conditions of severe endogenous intoxication, inflammation and immunosuppression. The aim of our study was to perform a comprehensive assessment of morphological and functional activity of neutrophils in patients at the terminal stage of chronic renal failure. We examined 49 patients (16 women, 33 men, 22 to 63 years old) with CKD 5 D (according to the K/DOQI classification, 2006), and 60 healthy individuals (controls). Leukoconcentrates of venous blood were used as biological samples for the study. The following functional properties of neutrophils were evaluated: the formation of extracellular networks (netosis, NETs) determined microscopically with Romanovsky-Giemsa staining during cell cultivation for 30 and 150 minutes; production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using cytochemical method with nitro blue tetrazolium, apoptotic activity (luminescence microscopy after staining with a mixture of acridine orange/ethidium bromide), as well as absorption capacity in the reaction of phagocytosis. The tests were performed in spontaneous and stimulated versions. The ATCC 25923 S. aureus strain killed by heating was used as a stimulator. An increase in netosis parameters was revealed in 30-min (but not 150-min) cell cultures in both spontaneous and stimulated versions (p < 0.001), as well as apoptosis (p = 0.02). ROS production by neutrophils and their absorption activity did not significantly change. The parameters of netosis and apoptosis directly correlated with each other (rs = 0.34; p = 0.03), being also dependent on the level of azotemia (correlation coefficient for the indices of netosis and urea level was: rs = 0.41; p = 0.01; for apoptosis and urea, rs = 0.34; p = 0.02). A relationship was found between the level of apoptosis and ROS production by neutrophils (r s = -0.51; p = 0.03). These studies have shown that the cells from patients with terminal-stage CKD are prone for a suicidal program – apoptosis and netosis. Considering the increased netosis just upon shorter cultivation of leukocytes (30 minutes), it can be assumed that NADPH-independent mechanisms are primarily involved. The direct dependence of netosis and apoptosis parameters on the level of azotemia allows us to consider accumulation of endogenous intoxication products, in particular, oxidized proteins, in the patient’s body as one of the primary reasons for increasing the suicidal neutrophil program

АНАЛІЗ АНТИБІОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ УМОВНО-ПАТОГЕННОЇ МІКРОФЛОРИ, ВИДІЛЕНОЇ ПРИ НЕГОСПІТАЛЬНИХ ПНЕВМОНІЯХ

The aim of the research was to study the sensitivity to antibiotics of the microflora isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Patients and methods. The results of bacteriological researches of bronchial lavage fluid and sputum from 336 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were used in the work. Results. Studies have shown absolute susceptibility of staphylococci to clarithromycin and ampicillin, S. pyogenes to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol, S. anhaemolyticus to ampicillin, amoxiclav, penicillin, cefoperazone, clindamycin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol and amikacin, S. pneumoniae to amoxiclav, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, imipenem, and vancomycin. Streptococci of the viridans group were sensitive to chloramphenicol in 93 % of cases, and they were resistant to other antibiotics in 30–84 % of cases. Most of the studied strains of coccal microflora were resistant to other antibiotics. Thus, 33 to 72 % of strains showed resistance to meronem, 12–46 % to imipenem, 61–90 % to oxacillin, 33–71 % to ceftazidime, 18–56 % to cefepime, and 25–48 % of strains to azithromycin, 25–46 % to levofloxacin. All studied strains of P. aeruginosa were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxiclav, ceftazidime, cefepime and sensitive to other antibiotics ranged from 5 to 38 % of strains. Fungi of the genus Candida showed the greatest sensitivity to nystatin (88.1 %). Clotrimazole was effective in 40.3 % of cases, ketoconazole – in 39.2 %. The lowest activity was in amphotericin (13.6 %), itraconazole (11.9 %) and fluconazole (11.4 %). Conclusion. Thus, there is an increase in the resistance of the fungi of genus Candida to triazole antifungals and the bacterial flora isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia to fluoroquinolones, aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides (azithromycin), while maintaining its sensitivity to clarithromycin.Метою дослідження було вивчення чутливості до антибіотиків мікрофлори, виділеної від хворих на негоспітальні пневмонії. Матеріали і методи. Визначення чутливості мікрофлори до антибіотиків проводили методом дифузії в агар (метод стандартних дисків) відповідно до Наказу МОЗ України № 167 від 05.04.2007 р. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У ході досліджень було виявлено абсолютну чутливість стафілококів до кларитроміцину та ампіциліну, S. pyogenes – до ципрофлоксацину, азитроміцину, кларитроміцину, цефтриаксону та левоміцетину, S. anhaemolyticus – до ампіциліну, амоксиклаву, пеніциліну, цефоперазону, кліндаміцину, кларитроміцину, левоміцетину та амікацину, S. pneumoniae – до амоксиклаву, цефоперазону, цефтриаксону, іміпенему, левофлоксациину, азитроміцину, кларитроміцину і ванкоміцину. Стрептококи групи viridans були чутливими до левоміцетину в 93 % випадків, а щодо інших антибіотиків вони виявилися резистентними у 30-84 % випадків. Більшість досліджених штамів кокової мікрофлори була резистентною до інших антибіотиків. Так, до меронему показали стійкість від 33 до 72 % штамів, до іміпенему – 12-46 %, до оксациліну – 61-90 %, до цефтазидиму – 33-71 %, до цефепіму – 18-56 %, до азитроміцину – 25-48 % штамів, до левофлоксацину – 25-46 %. Усі досліджені штами P. aeruginosa були резистентними до ампіциліну, оксациліну, амоксиклаву, цефтазидиму, цефепіму, а чутливість до інших антибіотиків коливалася в межах від 5 до 38 % штамів. Гриби роду Candida проявили найбільшу чутливість до ністатину (88,1 %). Клотримазол був ефективний у 40,3 % випадків, кетоконазол – у 39,2 %. Найнижча активність була у амфотерицину (13,6 %), ітраконазолу (11,9 %) та флуконазолу (11,4 %). Висновки. Таким чином, відзначається зростання резистентності грибів роду Candida до триазольних антимікотиків, а бактерійної флори, виділеної від хворих на негоспітальну пневмонію, до фторхінолонів, амінопеніцилінів, цефалоспоринів, макролідів (азитроміцин), із збереженням її чутливості до кларитроміцину

Investigation Of Technological Properties Of Powder Of Eggplants

The aim of the article is to study and to generalize technological properties of eggplant powder, produced by infrared drying at temperatures 50-60 ºС. The results of the conducted complex of studies reflect main technological and consumption properties of the received puree that plays an important role at creating new culinary products.So, for studying technological properties of food eggplant powder, there was considered the complex of base functional-technological properties of powder, produced by infrared drying.For finding optimal conditions of rehydration of eggplant powders, there was studied the influence of such technological factors as: swelling ability; liquid; powder ratio; influence of the solvent temperature on renovation; renovation duration; degree of comminution of powders.Main parameters that influence the renovation ability of dried eggplants are investigated and studied in the article. The results of the studies of technological properties of eggplant powders prove their high rehydration properties. It gives a possibility to use powders at producing different culinary products not only for enriching them with functional ingredients, but also for giving them new technological properties.Based on the obtained results, there was elaborated and presented the new technological scheme of using renewed powders in food compositions

Bulk and surface plasmon polariton excitation in RuO2 for low-loss plasmonic applications in NIR

Transition-metal oxides, such as RuO2, offer an exciting alternative to conventional metals for metamaterials and plasmonic applications due to their low optical losses in the visible and near-infrared ranges. In this manuscript we report observation of optically excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and bulk plasmons in RuO2 thin films grown using DC reactive magnetron sputtering on glass and TiO2 (001) substrates. We show that both plasmon modes can exist simultaneously for the infrared region of the optical spectrum, while only the bulk plasmons are supported at higher optical frequencies. Finally, we demonstrate that the film properties can be tailored to favor excitation of either SPP or bulk plasmons. (C) 2012 Optical Society of Americ