2,096 research outputs found
Entanglement in holographic dark energy models
We study a process of equilibration of holographic dark energy (HDE) with the
cosmic horizon around the dark-energy dominated epoch. This process is
characterized by a huge amount of information conveyed across the horizon,
filling thereby a large gap in entropy between the system on the brink of
experiencing a sudden collapse to a black hole and the black hole itself. At
the same time, even in the absence of interaction between dark matter and dark
energy, such a process marks a strong jump in the entanglement entropy,
measuring the quantum-mechanical correlations between the horizon and its
interior. Although the effective quantum field theory (QFT) with a peculiar
relationship between the UV and IR cutoffs, a framework underlying all HDE
models, may formally account for such a huge shift in the number of distinct
quantum states, we show that the scope of such a framework becomes tremendously
restricted, devoiding it virtually any application in other cosmological epochs
or particle-physics phenomena. The problem of negative entropies for the
non-phantom stuff is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, version to appear in PL
Stringent constraint on the scalar-neutrino coupling constant from quintessential cosmology
An extremely light (), slowly-varying scalar
field (quintessence) with a potential energy density as large as 60% of
the critical density has been proposed as the origin of the accelerated
expansion of the Universe at present. The interaction of this smoothly
distributed component with another predominately smooth component, the cosmic
neutrino background, is studied. The slow-roll approximation for generic potentials may then be used to obtain a limit on the scalar-neutrino coupling
constant, found to be many orders of magnitude more stringent than the limits
set by observations of neutrinos from SN 1987A. In addition, if quintessential
theory allows for a violation of the equivalence principle in the sector of
neutrinos, the current solar neutrino data can probe such a violation at the
10^{-10} level.Comment: 7 pages, MPLA in press, some parts disregarded and a footnote adde
Uni-directional transport properties of a serpent billiard
We present a dynamical analysis of a classical billiard chain -- a channel
with parallel semi-circular walls, which can serve as a model for a bended
optical fiber. An interesting feature of this model is the fact that the phase
space separates into two disjoint invariant components corresponding to the
left and right uni-directional motions. Dynamics is decomposed into the jump
map -- a Poincare map between the two ends of a basic cell, and the time
function -- traveling time across a basic cell of a point on a surface of
section. The jump map has a mixed phase space where the relative sizes of the
regular and chaotic components depend on the width of the channel. For a
suitable value of this parameter we can have almost fully chaotic phase space.
We have studied numerically the Lyapunov exponents, time auto-correlation
functions and diffusion of particles along the chain. As a result of a
singularity of the time function we obtain marginally-normal diffusion after we
subtract the average drift. The last result is also supported by some
analytical arguments.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure (19 .(e)ps files
Imobilizacija Na,K-ATPpaze izolovane iz sinaptičkih plazma-membrana mozga pacova
Rat brain Na,K-ATPase partially purified by SDS from synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) was immobilized by adsorption on nitrocellulose (NC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and glass fiber (GF) membranes, Partial SDS solubilization increased the enzyme activity by 40%. With regard to the presentation of the enzyme activity. nitrocellulose Was shown to be the optimal support for die immobilization, The enzyme showed the highest percentage activity (14%) after 30 min of SPM adsorption. at 20 degreesC under the vaccum. with 25 mug of proteins per NC disc filter. In addition, adsorption on NC stabilizes the Na,K-ATPase, since the activity was substantial 72 h after adsorption at 20 degreesC, After adsorption. the sensitivity of the enzyme to HgCl2 and CdCl2 inhibition was higher, The results show that immobilized Na,K-NTPase SPM can be used as a practical model for the detection of metal ions in different samples.Delimično prečišćena Na,K-ATPaza sinaptičkih plazma–membrana (SPM) mozga pacova imobilizovana je adsorpcijom na nitrocelulozne (NC) poliviniliden-fluorid (PVDF) membrane i membrane od staklenih vlakana (SV). Aktivnost enzima delimično prečišćenog solubilizacijom SDS-om povećana je oko 40%. Najveći procenat aktivnosti (14%) enzim zadržava posle 30 minuta adsorpcije SPM na 20ºC, pod vakuumom, sa 25 μg proteina po nitroceluloznom disku. Na,K-ATPaza imobilizovana na nitroceluloznoj membrani stabilna je 72 sata na 20ºC. Adsorpcijom, osetljivost enzima na inhibiciju Hg2+ i Cd2+ se povećava. Rezultati pokazuju da se imobilizovana Na,K-ATPaza SPM može koristiti za detekciju toksičnih metalnih jona u različitim uzorcima
Speaker discrimination in multisource environments auralized in real rooms
With the recent development of audio in modern VR/AR systems and the increasing capability of synthesizing natural sound fields over headphones with head tracking, the question of the ability of our hearing system to discriminate multiple concurrent sound sources has become important again. We must understand how psychoacoustical and psychophysical limitations of the hearing system cope with novel technologies of virtual acoustics that can simulate an almost unlimited number of sound sources. Previous research has shown that the capacity of human hearing to discriminate a reference sound source is limited when there is background noise, a reverberant surrounding, or when other, disturbing sound sources simultaneously mask the reference source. A set of listening tests based on the cocktail-party effect was designed to determine the intelligibility of speech emitted by a reference sound source, with one to six disturbing sound sources simultaneously emitting speech from different directions around the listener. The tests were repeated in three test rooms with different acoustical properties, and two test signals were used: logatomes and regular spoken sen-tences with specific keywords. The results have revealed the changes in speech intelligibility scores in relation to the number of disturbing sources, their positions, and acoustical properties of test rooms
Regular and quasi black hole solutions for spherically symmetric charged dust distributions in the Einstein-Maxwell theory
Static spherically symmetric distributions of electrically counterpoised dust
(ECD) are used to construct solutions to Einstein-Maxwell equations in
Majumdar--Papapetrou formalism. Unexpected bifurcating behaviour of solutions
with regard to source strength is found for localized, as well as for the
delta-function ECD distributions. Unified treatment of general ECD
distributions is accomplished and it is shown that for certain source strengths
one class of regular solutions approaches Minkowski spacetime, while the other
comes arbitrarily close to black hole solutions.Comment: LaTeX (IOP style) 17 pages, 10 figure
Expanded boundary integral method and chaotic time-reversal doublets in quantum billiards
We present the expanded boundary integral method for solving the planar
Helmholtz problem, which combines the ideas of the boundary integral method and
the scaling method and is applicable to arbitrary shapes. We apply the method
to a chaotic billiard with unidirectional transport, where we demonstrate
existence of doublets of chaotic eigenstates, which are quasi-degenerate due to
time-reversal symmetry, and a very particular level spacing distribution that
attains a chaotic Shnirelman peak at short energy ranges and exhibits GUE-like
statistics for large energy ranges. We show that, as a consequence of such
particular level statistics or algebraic tunneling between disjoint chaotic
components connected by time-reversal operation, the system exhibits quantum
current reversals.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, with 3 additional GIF animations available at
http://chaos.fiz.uni-lj.si/~veble/boundary
Dynamical approach to chains of scatterers
Linear chains of quantum scatterers are studied in the process of
lengthening, which is treated and analysed as a discrete dynamical system
defined over the manifold of scattering matrices. Elementary properties of such
dynamics relate the transport through the chain to the spectral properties of
individual scatterers. For a single-scattering channel case some new light is
shed on known transport properties of disordered and noisy chains, whereas
translationally invariant case can be studied analytically in terms of a simple
deterministic dynamical map. The many-channel case was studied numerically by
examining the statistical properties of scatterers that correspond to a certain
type of transport of the chain i.e. ballistic or (partially) localised.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
How the Charge Can Affect the Formation of Gravastars
In recent work we physically interpreted a special gravastar solution
characterized by a zero Schwarzschild mass. In fact, in that case, none
gravastar was formed and the shell expanded, leaving behind a de Sitter or a
Minkowski spacetime, or collapsed without forming an event horizon, originating
what we called a massive non-gravitational object. This object has two
components of non zero mass but the exterior spacetime is Minkowski or de
Sitter. One of the component is a massive thin shell and the other one is de
Sitter spacetime inside. The total mass of this object is zero Schwarzschild
mass, which characterizes an exterior vacuum spacetime. Here, we extend this
study to the case where we have a charged shell. Now, the exterior is a
Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime and, depending on the parameter
of the equation of state of the shell, and the charge, a
gravastar structure can be formed. We have found that the presence of the
charge contributes to the stability of the gravastar, if the charge is greater
than a critical value. Otherwise, a massive non-gravitational object is formed
for small charges.Comment: 17 pages and 7 figures, several typos corrected, accepted for
publication in JCA
The bends on a quantum waveguide and cross-products of Bessel functions
A detailed analysis of the wave-mode structure in a bend and its
incorporation into a stable algorithm for calculation of the scattering matrix
of the bend is presented. The calculations are based on the modal approach. The
stability and precision of the algorithm is numerically and analytically
analysed. The algorithm enables precise numerical calculations of scattering
across the bend. The reflection is a purely quantum phenomenon and is discussed
in more detail over a larger energy interval. The behaviour of the reflection
is explained partially by a one-dimensional scattering model and heuristic
calculations of the scattering matrix for narrow bends. In the same spirit we
explain the numerical results for the Wigner-Smith delay time in the bend.Comment: 34 pages, 21 figure
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