3,285 research outputs found
The Role of Electron-electron Interactions in Graphene ARPES Spectra
We report on a theoretical study of the influence of electron-electron
interactions on ARPES spectra in graphene that is based on the
random-phase-approximation and on graphene's massless Dirac equation continuum
model. We find that level repulsion between quasiparticle and plasmaron
resonances gives rise to a gap-like feature at small k. ARPES spectra are
sensitive to the electron-electron interaction coupling strength and might enable an experimental determination of this material parameter.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 Figures, Submitte
Statistical Analysis of a Semilinear Hyperbolic System Advected by a White in Time Random Velocity Field
We study a system of semilinear hyperbolic equations passively advected by
smooth white noise in time random velocity fields. Such a system arises in
modeling non-premixed isothermal turbulent flames under single-step kinetics of
fuel and oxidizer. We derive closed equations for one-point and multi-point
probability distribution functions (PDFs) and closed form analytical formulas
for the one point PDF function, as well as the two-point PDF function under
homogeneity and isotropy. Exact solution formulas allows us to analyze the
ensemble averaged fuel/oxidizer concentrations and the motion of their level
curves. We recover the empirical formulas of combustion in the thin reaction
zone limit and show that these approximate formulas can either underestimate or
overestimate average concentrations when reaction zone is not tending to zero.
We show that the averaged reaction rate slows down locally in space due to
random advection induced diffusion; and that the level curves of ensemble
averaged concentration undergo diffusion about mean locations.Comment: 18 page
Results and perspectives of the solar axion search with the CAST experiment
The status of the solar axion search with the CERN Axion Solar Telescope
(CAST) will be presented. Recent results obtained by the use of He as a
buffer gas has allowed us to extend our sensitivity to higher axion masses than
our previous measurements with He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of
252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV 0.64 eV. From the absence of an excess of x rays when the
magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon
coupling of g GeV at 95% C.L., the
exact value depending on the pressure setting. CAST published results represent
the best experimental limit on the photon couplings to axions and other similar
exotic particles dubbed WISPs (Weakly Interacting Slim Particles) in the
considered mass range and for the first time the limit enters the region
favored by QCD axion models. Preliminary sensitivities for axion masses up to
1.16 eV will also be shown reaching mean upper limits on the axion-photon
coupling of g GeV at 95% C.L.
Expected sensibilities for the extension of the CAST program up to 2014 will be
presented. Moreover long term options for a new helioscope experiment will be
evoked.Comment: 4 pages, 2 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 24th Rencontres
de Blois V2 A few affiliations were not corrected in previous version V3
Author adde
Electrocardiogram Monitoring Wearable Devices and Artificial-Intelligence-Enabled Diagnostic Capabilities: A Review
Worldwide, population aging and unhealthy lifestyles have increased the incidence of high-risk health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, and other conditions. Recently, to facilitate early identification and diagnosis, efforts have been made in the research and development of new wearable devices to make them smaller, more comfortable, more accurate, and increasingly compatible with artificial intelligence technologies. These efforts can pave the way to the longer and continuous health monitoring of different biosignals, including the real-time detection of diseases, thus providing more timely and accurate predictions of health events that can drastically improve the healthcare management of patients. Most recent reviews focus on a specific category of disease, the use of artificial intelligence in 12-lead electrocardiograms, or on wearable technology. However, we present recent advances in the use of electrocardiogram signals acquired with wearable devices or from publicly available databases and the analysis of such signals with artificial intelligence methods to detect and predict diseases. As expected, most of the available research focuses on heart diseases, sleep apnea, and other emerging areas, such as mental stress. From a methodological point of view, although traditional statistical methods and machine learning are still widely used, we observe an increasing use of more advanced deep learning methods, specifically architectures that can handle the complexity of biosignal data. These deep learning methods typically include convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Moreover, when proposing new artificial intelligence methods, we observe that the prevalent choice is to use publicly available databases rather than collecting new data
Study protocol : improving newborn survival in rural southern Tanzania : a cluster-randomised trial to evaluate the impact of a scaleable package of interventions at community level with health system strengthening
Child mortality has declined substantially in many countries including Tanzania, but newborn mortality remains high and around 3 million babies die every year in the first 28 days of life. Community-based approaches with home visits in the first week of life have shown great potential to reduce newborn mortality. INSIST aimed1 to develop, implement and evaluate an integrated, two-part strategy that combines interventions at community level with health system strengthening in rural Southern Tanzania to reduce newborn mortality. The community intervention focused around interpersonal communication through home visits in pregnancy and the early neonatal period by a village-based "agent of change". Key messages focused on hygiene during delivery, immediate and exclusive breastfeeding, and identification and extra care for babies born small because of low birth weight or prematurity. Extra care for babies born small included skin-to-skin care for small babies and referral to hospital for very small babies. The community intervention was implemented in six poor rural districts in Southern Tanzania, with 65 of the 132 wards within these districts randomized to receive the community intervention. In addition, a health system quality-improvement package was implemented in all health facilities of one district. Data collection for the evaluation included i) a baseline household survey in 2007 of all 243,000 households in 5 of the 6 study districts to estimate baseline mortality and prevalence of newborn care behaviours, ii) an adequacy survey in 2011 in a representative sample of 5,000 households to estimate coverage of home visits and prevalence of newborn care behaviours, and iii) an endline household survey in 2013 in a representative sample of 200,000 households to estimate newborn and maternal mortality and prevalence of newborn care behaviours. The final analysis was based on "intention to treat", comparing newbor
Anomaly Detection for Vision-based Railway Inspection
none7nomixedRiccardo Gasparini; Stefano Pini; Guido Borghi; Giuseppe Scaglione; Simone Calderara; Eugenio Fedeli; Rita CucchiaraRiccardo Gasparini; Stefano Pini; Guido Borghi; Giuseppe Scaglione; Simone Calderara; Eugenio Fedeli; Rita Cucchiar
Nonadiabatic effects in a generalized Jahn-Teller lattice model: heavy and light polarons, pairing and metal-insulator transition
The ground state polaron potential of 1D lattice of two-level molecules with
spinless electrons and two Einstein phonon modes with quantum phonon-assisted
transitions between the levels is found anharmonic in phonon displacements. The
potential shows a crossover from two nonequivalent broad minima to a single
narrow minimum corresponding to the level positions in the ground state.
Generalized variational approach implies prominent nonadiabatic effects:(i) In
the limit of the symmetric E-e Jahn- Teller situation they cause transition
between the regime of the predominantly one-level "heavy" polaron and a "light"
polaron oscillating between the levels due to phonon assistance with almost
vanishing polaron displacement. It implies enhancement of the electron transfer
due to decrease of the "heavy" polaron mass (undressing) at the point of the
transition. Pairing of "light" polarons due to exchange of virtual phonons
occurs. Continuous transition to new energy ground state close to the
transition from "heavy" polaron phase to "light" (bi)polaron phase occurs. In
the "heavy" phase, there occurs anomalous (anharmonic) enhancements of quantum
fluctuations of the phonon coordinate, momentum and their product as functions
of the effective coupling. (ii) Dependence of the polaron mass on the optical
phonon frequency appears.(iii) Rabi oscillations significantly enhance quantum
shift of the insulator-metal transition line to higher values of the critical
effective e-ph coupling supporting so the metallic phase. In the E-e JT case,
insulator-metal transition coincide with the transition between the "heavy" and
the "light" (bi)polaron phase at certain (strong) effective e-ph interaction.Comment: Paper in LaTex format (file jtseptx.tex) and 9 GIF-figures
(ppic_1.gif,...ppic_9.gif
Solar axion search with the CAST experiment
The CAST (CERN Axion Solar Telescope) experiment is searching for solar
axions by their conversion into photons inside the magnet pipe of an LHC
dipole. The analysis of the data recorded during the first phase of the
experiment with vacuum in the magnet pipes has resulted in the most restrictive
experimental limit on the coupling constant of axions to photons. In the second
phase, CAST is operating with a buffer gas inside the magnet pipes in order to
extent the sensitivity of the experiment to higher axion masses. We will
present the first results on the data taking as well as the
system upgrades that have been operated in the last year in order to adapt the
experiment for the data taking. Expected sensitivities on the
coupling constant of axions to photons will be given for the recent run just started in March 2008.Comment: Proceedings of the ICHEP 2008 conferenc
CAST solar axion search with 3^He buffer gas: Closing the hot dark matter gap
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has finished its search for solar
axions with 3^He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV < m_a <1.17 eV.
This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually
overlaps with it. From the absence of excess X-rays when the magnet was
pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling
of g_ag < 3.3 x 10^{-10} GeV^{-1} at 95% CL, with the exact value depending on
the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on
increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of g_a, for example by the
currently discussed next generation helioscope IAXO.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Last version uploade
Search for low Energy solar Axions with CAST
We have started the development of a detector system, sensitive to single
photons in the eV energy range, to be suitably coupled to one of the CAST
magnet ports. This system should open to CAST a window on possible detection of
low energy Axion Like Particles emitted by the sun. Preliminary tests have
involved a cooled photomultiplier tube coupled to the CAST magnet via a
Galileian telescope and a switched 40 m long optical fiber. This system has
reached the limit background level of the detector alone in ideal conditions,
and two solar tracking runs have been performed with it at CAST. Such a
measurement has never been done before with an axion helioscope. We will
present results from these runs and briefly discuss future detector
developments.Comment: Paper submitted to the proceedings of the "4th Patras Workshop on
Axions, WIMPs and WISPs", DESY, Hamburg Site - Germany, 18-21 June 2008.
Author affiliations are reported on the title page of the paper. In version
2: 1 affiliation change, 3 references adde
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