Sorghum Grain Mold Variability in Fungal Complex

The grain mold complex in sorghum {Sorghum bicolor) involves a number of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi that vary in their frequencies and severities under different environmental conditions (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2000). To provide genetic management for grain mold In sorghum, a clear understanding of the major pathogenic fungi and their variability under different environments is critical. Among the major pathogenic fungi, Fusarium monitiforme (F. verticiOoides) is known to produce fumonisins, a mycotoxin of concern for the use of molded sorghum grains as food and feed (Marasas 1996, Bhat et al. 1997). With the above objective we Initiated a collaborative Sorghum Grain Mold Variability Nursery (SGMVN) between ICRISAT and the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project (AICSIP) ot the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The nursery was coordinated by ICRISAT and conducted at four locations In India during the rainy season 2002. The results of the trials are presented

Diversity of human lip prints: a collaborative study of ethnically distinct world populations

Background: Cheiloscopy is a comparatively recent counterpart to the long established dactyloscopic studies. Ethnic variability of these lip groove patterns has not yet been explored. Aim: This study was a collaborative effort aimed at establishing cheiloscopic variations amongst modern human populations from four geographically and culturally far removed nations: India, Saudi Arabia, Spain and Nigeria. Subjects and methods: Lip prints from a total of 754 subjects were collected and each was divided into four equal quadrants. The patterns were classified into six regular types (A?F), while some patterns which could not be fitted into the regular ones were segregated into G groups (G-0, G-1, G-2). Furthermore, co-dominance of more than one pattern type in a single quadrant forced us to identify the combination (COM, G-COM) patterns. Results and conclusion: The remarkable feature noted after compilation of the data included pattern C (a bifurcate/branched prototype extending the entire height of the lip) being a frequent feature of the lips of all the populations studied, save for the Nigerian population in which it was completely absent and which showed a tendency for pattern A (a vertical linear groove) and a significantly higher susceptibility for combination (COM) patterns. Chi-square test and correspondence analysis applied to the frequency of patterns appearing in the defined topographical areas indicated a significant variation for the populations studied

To What Do I Owe This Visit? The Drawbacks and Benefits of In-Role and Non-Role Intrusions

Workplace intrusions—unexpected encounters initiated by another person that disrupt an individual’s work—are generally characterized as negative experiences that deplete resources, increase role and information overload, and promote strain. In contrast, our research argues that intrusions may also provide benefits to the employees who are intruded upon. Taking a multistudy approach, we investigate how intrusions impact the extent to which employees engage in their own work—work engagement—and the extent to which they engage in work with others—collaboration. We also investigate the indirect effects of intrusions on employees’ task-focused and person-focused citizenship behavior through these mechanisms. We tested our predictions with a within-person experimental critical incident study (Study 1), an experiment (Study 2), and an experience-sampling methodology study with a sample of scientists involved in research and development (Study 3). Our research investigates the dynamics of various types of workplace intrusions, with results suggesting that intrusions may lead to beneficial employee outcomes in addition to the adverse outcomes previously demonstrated in the literature. Given the ubiquitous nature of intrusions in organizations, our findings have both theoretical and practical significance

Exploration and exploitation in the presence of network externalities

This paper examines the conditions under which exploration of a new, incompatible technologyis conducive to firm growth in the presence of network externalities. In particular, this studyis motivated bythe divergent evolutions of the PC and the workstation markets in response to a new technology: reduced instruction set computing (RISC). In the PC market, Intel has developed new microprocessors bymaintaining compatibilitywith the established architecture, whereas it was radicallyr eplaced byRISC in the workstation market. History indicates that unlike the PC market, the workstation market consisted of a large number of power users, who are less sensitive to compatibilitythan ordinaryusers. Our numerical analysis indicates that the exploration of a new, incompatible technologyis more likelyto increase the chance of firm growth when there are a substantial number of power users or when a new technologyis introduced before an established technologytakes off. (; ; ;

Sustaining entrepreneurial business: a complexity perspective on processes that produce emergent practice

This article examines the management practices in an entrepreneurial small firm which sustain the business. Using a longitudinal qualitative case study, four general processes are identified (experimentation, reflexivity, organising and sensing), that together provide a mechanism to sustain the enterprise. The analysis draws on concepts from entrepreneurship and complexity science. We suggest that an entrepreneur’s awareness of the role of these parallel processes will facilitate their approaches to sustaining and developing enterprises. We also suggest that these processes operate in parallel at multiple levels, including the self, the business and inter-firm networks. This finding contributes to a general theory of entrepreneurship. A number of areas for further research are discussed arising from this result

Identifying the favored mutation in a positive selective sweep.

Most approaches that capture signatures of selective sweeps in population genomics data do not identify the specific mutation favored by selection. We present iSAFE (for "integrated selection of allele favored by evolution"), a method that enables researchers to accurately pinpoint the favored mutation in a large region (∼5 Mbp) by using a statistic derived solely from population genetics signals. iSAFE does not require knowledge of demography, the phenotype under selection, or functional annotations of mutations

Sorghum grain mold: variability in fungal complex

The grain mold complex in sorghum {Sorghum bicolor) involves a number of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi that vary in their frequencies and severities under different environmental conditions (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2000). To provide genetic management for grain mold In sorghum, a clear understanding of the major pathogenic fungi and their variability under different environments is critical. Among the major pathogenic fungi, Fusarium monitiforme (F. verticiOoides) is known to produce fumonisins, a mycotoxin of concern for the use of molded sorghum grains as food and feed (Marasas 1996, Bhat et al. 1997). With the above objective we Initiated a collaborative Sorghum Grain Mold Variability Nursery (SGMVN) between ICRISAT and the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project (AICSIP) ot the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The nursery was coordinated by ICRISAT and conducted at four locations In India during the rainy season 2002. The results of the trials are presented

Sorghum grain mold: resistance stability in advanced B-lines

Grain mold resistance breeding in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at ICRISAT and in Indian national programs has focused on developing varieties, restorer lines, and hybrid seed parents utilizing resistance from germplasm lines of diverse geographical origin. During the past few years, ICRISAT has developed a large number of high-yielding, grain mold resistant B-llnes using pedigree breeding with single- and three-way crosses and selecting the progenies under high disease pressure In field screenings (Reddy et al. 2000). Resistance stability of some selected elite B-llnes was tested through a collaborative Sorghum Grain Mold Resistance Stability Nursery (SGMRSN) established In 2002. The results of trials conducted at diverse locations In India are presented

Entrepreneurial sons, patriarchy and the Colonels' experiment in Thessaly, rural Greece

Existing studies within the field of institutional entrepreneurship explore how entrepreneurs influence change in economic institutions. This paper turns the attention of scholarly inquiry on the antecedents of deinstitutionalization and more specifically, the influence of entrepreneurship in shaping social institutions such as patriarchy. The paper draws from the findings of ethnographic work in two Greek lowland village communities during the military Dictatorship (1967–1974). Paradoxically this era associated with the spread of mechanization, cheap credit, revaluation of labour and clear means-ends relations, signalled entrepreneurial sons’ individuated dissent and activism who were now able to question the Patriarch’s authority, recognize opportunities and act as unintentional agents of deinstitutionalization. A ‘different’ model of institutional change is presented here, where politics intersects with entrepreneurs, in changing social institutions. This model discusses the external drivers of institutional atrophy and how handling dissensus (and its varieties over historical time) is instrumental in enabling institutional entrepreneurship