Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction: How to measure its sign in weak ferromagnetics?

Three experimental techniques sensitive to the sign of the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction are discussed: neutron diffraction, Moessbauer gamma-ray diffraction, and resonant x-ray scattering. Classical examples of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) and MnCO3 crystals are considered in detailComment: 5 pages, 1 figure; to be published in JETP Letter

Comment on "X-ray resonant scattering studies of orbital and charge ordering in Pr1-xCaxMnO3"

In a recent published paper [Phys. Rev. B 64, 195133 (2001)], Zimmermann et al. present a systematic x-ray scattering study of charge and orbital ordering phenomena in the Pr1-xCaxMnO3 series with x= 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5. They propose that for Ca concentrations x=0.4 and 0.5, the appearance of (0, k+1/2, 0) reflections are originated by the orbital ordering of the eg electrons in the a-b plane while the (0, 2k+1, 0) reflections are due to the charge ordering among the Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions. Moreover, for small Ca concentrations (x<0.3), the orbital ordering is only considered and it occurs at (0, k, 0) reflections. A rigorous analysis of all these resonance reflections will show the inadequacy of the charge-orbital model proposed to explain the experimental results. In addition, this charge-orbital model is highly inconsistent with the electronic balance. On the contrary, these reflections can be easily understood as arising from the anisotropy of charge distribution induced by the presence of local distortions, i.e. due to a structural phase transition.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures.To be published Phys. Rev.

Polarization Dependence of Anomalous X-ray Scattering in Orbital Ordered Manganites

In order to determine types of the orbital ordering in manganites, we study theoretically the polarization dependence of the anomalous X-ray scattering which is caused by the anisotropy of the scattering factor. The general formulae of the scattering intensity in the experimental optical system is derived and the atomic scattering factor is calculated in the microscopic electronic model. By using the results, the X-ray scattering intensity in several types of the orbital ordering is numerically calculated as a function of azimuthal and analyzer angles.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Аромафитобальнеотерапия в лечении и профилактике частых респираторных инфекций у детей с хроническими и инвалидизирующими болезнями

In children with chronic pathologies, co-occurring frequent respiratory infections of a prolonged course obstructs and reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, and adversely affect the adaptation reserves. Hydrotherapeutic factors are widely used for the prevention of colds in children from the first days of life. Addition to the water of medicinal and phytoaromatic preparations increases their efficiency. For patients with chronic pathology, when prescribing balneotherapeutic factors for treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory infections, it is important to take into account the potential risk of adverse effects on the symptoms of the underlying disease. Researches in patients with orthopedic, chronic gastroenterological diseases, spastic forms of cerebral palsy, with co-occurring frequent respiratory infections of a prolonged course in history revealed that addition of medicinal baths based on phytoaromatic preparation, containing eucalyptus oil, to the rehabilitation complex is an effective method of preventing and stopping initial symptoms of respiratory infections. It also contributes to the adaptation reserves of the organism, without adversely affecting the course of the underlying disease.У детей с хронической патологией сопутствующие частые респираторные инфекции с затяжным течением затрудняют проведение и снижают эффективность реабилитационных мероприятий, крайне неблагоприятно влияют на адаптационные резервы. Водолечебные факторы широко используются для профилактики простудных заболеваний у детей с первых дней жизни. Повышает их эффективность добавление в воду лекарственных и фитоароматических препаратов. Для пациентов с хронической патологией при назначении бальнеотерапевтических процедур с целью лечения и профилактики респираторных инфекций важно учитывать возможный риск неблагоприятного влияния на симптомы основного заболевания. Исследования, проведенные у пациентов с ортопедической, хронической патологией желудочно-кишечного тракта, спастическими формами детского церебрального паралича, с сопутствующими частыми затяжными острыми респираторными болезнями в анамнезе, выявили, что включение в реабилитационный комплекс лекарственных ванн на основе фитоароматического препарата, содержащего эвкалиптовое масло, является эффективным методом профилактики и купирования начальных симптомов респираторных инфекций, способствует повышению адаптационных резервов организма, не оказывая отрицательного влияния на течение основного заболевания

Randomised social-skills training and parental training plus standard treatment versus standard treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - The SOSTRA trial protocol

Abstract Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are hyperactive and impulsive, cannot maintain attention, and have difficulties with social interactions. Medical treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social-skills training may benefit ADHD children in their social interactions. We want to examine the effects of social-skills training on difficulties related to the children's ADHD symptoms and social interactions. Methods/Design The design is randomised two-armed, parallel group, assessor-blinded trial. Children aged 8-12 years with a diagnosis of ADHD are randomised to social-skills training and parental training plus standard treatment versus standard treatment alone. A sample size calculation estimated that at least 52 children must be included to show a 4-point difference in the primary outcome on the Conners 3rd Edition subscale for 'hyperactivity-impulsivity' between the intervention group and the control group. The outcomes will be assessed 3 and 6 months after randomisation. The primary outcome measure is ADHD symptoms. The secondary outcome is social skills. Tertiary outcomes include the relationship between social skills and symptoms of ADHD, the ability to form attachment, and parents' ADHD symptoms. Discussion We hope that the results from this trial will show that the social-skills training together with medication may have a greater general effect on ADHD symptoms and social and emotional competencies than medication alone. Trial registration ClinicalTrials (NCT): NCT00937469</p

КЛИНИКО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК У ДЕТЕЙ

Among pediatricians — nephrologists there is no unified point of view on the appropriateness of the use of the term «Chronic kidney disease» (CKD) and its classification worked out by an international group of experts’ of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) based on studies in adults. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between the frequency of important symptoms (arterial hypertension (AG), anemia) of CKD with its stages in children. The study involved 295 patients with CKD: 213 children with glomerulopathy, 82 children — with nonglomerular diseases. We found positive correlations between the frequency of AG and anemia with CKD stages. The most significant differences were found between early and late stages of CKD. The nature of the kidney damage produced less impact on the frequency of these symptoms. Given the need for continuity professionals and international harmonization of terminology, it is appropriate to continue the search for markers of cardiovascular disease in the early stages of CKD, as well as to set target values of blood pressure and hemoglobin, depending on the stage of CKD in children. Среди педиатров-нефрологов нет единой точки зрения о целесообразности использования термина «хроническая болезнь почек» (ХБП) и ее классификации, разработанной международной группой экспертов «Инициатива качества исходов болезней почек» (K/DOQI) на основании исследований у взрослых пациентов. Цель работы: установить связь частоты важнейших симптомов прогрессирования — артериальной гипертензии (АГ) и анемии — со стадией ХБП у детей. Обследовано 295 пациентов с ХБП: 213 детей с гломерулопатиями, 82 ребенка с негломерулярными заболеваниями. Установлено, что частота АГ и анемии увеличивается по мере нарастания стадии ХБП. Наиболее существенные различия обнаружены между ранними и поздними стадиями ХБП. Меньшее влияние на частоту этих симптомов оказывает характер болезни. С учетом необходимости преемственности специалистов и международной унификации терминологии целесообразно продолжить поиск маркеров сердечно-сосудистых осложнений на ранних стадиях ХБП, а также установить целевые значения артериального давления и гемоглобина в зависимости от стадии ХБП у детей

Pooling/bootstrap-based GWAS (pbGWAS) identifies new loci modifying the age of onset in PSEN1 p.Glu280Ala Alzheimer\u27s disease

The literature on GWAS (genome-wide association studies) data suggests that very large sample sizes (for example, 50,000 cases and 50,000 controls) may be required to detect significant associations of genomic regions for complex disorders such as Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Because of the challenges of obtaining such large cohorts, we describe here a novel sequential strategy that combines pooling of DNA and bootstrapping (pbGWAS) in order to significantly increase the statistical power and exponentially reduce expenses. We applied this method to a very homogeneous sample of patients belonging to a unique and clinically well-characterized multigenerational pedigree with one of the most severe forms of early onset AD, carrying the PSEN1 p.Glu280Ala mutation (often referred to as E280A mutation), which originated as a consequence of a founder effect. In this cohort, we identified novel loci genome-wide significantly associated as modifiers of the age of onset of AD (CD44, rs187116, P=1.29 _ 10?12; NPHP1, rs10173717, P=1.74 _ 10?12; CADPS2, rs3757536, P=1.54 _ 10?10; GREM2, rs12129547, P=1.69 _ 10?13, among others) as well as other loci known to be associated with AD. Regions identified by pbGWAS were confirmed by subsequent individual genotyping. The pbGWAS methodology and the genes it targeted could provide important insights in determining the genetic causes of AD and other complex conditions

On weak solutions for some model of motion of nonlinear viscous-elastic fluid

We consider the statement of an initial boundary value problem for a generalized Oldroyd model describing both laminar and turbulent flows of a nonlinear visco-elastic fluid. The operator interpretation of a posed problem is presented. The properties of operators forming the corresponding equation are investigated. We introduce approximating operator equations and prove their solvability. On that base the existence theorem for the operator equation equivalent to the stated initial boundary value problem is proved