3,900 research outputs found
[OI]63micron jets in class 0 sources detected by Herschel
We present Herschel PACS mapping observations of the [OI]63 micron line
towards protostellar outflows in the L1448, NGC1333-IRAS4, HH46, BHR71 and
VLA1623 star forming regions. We detect emission spatially resolved along the
outflow direction, which can be associated with a low excitation atomic jet. In
the L1448-C, HH46 IRS and BHR71 IRS1 outflows this emission is kinematically
resolved into blue- and red-shifted jet lobes, having radial velocities up to
200 km/s. In the L1448-C atomic jet the velocity increases with the distance
from the protostar, similarly to what observed in the SiO jet associated with
this source. This suggests that [OI] and molecular gas are kinematically
connected and that this latter could represent the colder cocoon of a jet at
higher excitation. Mass flux rates (\.M(OI)) have been measured from
the [OI]63micron luminosity adopting two independent methods. We find values in
the range 1-4 10 Mo/yr for all sources but HH46, for which an order of
magnitude higher value is estimated. \.M(OI) are compared with mass
accretion rates (\.M) onto the protostar and with \.M derived
from ground-based CO observations. \.M(OI)/\.M ratios are in
the range 0.05-0.5, similar to the values for more evolved sources.
\.M(OI) in HH46 IRS and IRAS4A are comparable to \.M(CO), while
those of the remaining sources are significantly lower than the corresponding
\.M(CO). We speculate that for these three sources most of the mass
flux is carried out by a molecular jet, while the warm atomic gas does not
significantly contribute to the dynamics of the system.Comment: 37 pages and 12 figures, accepted for publication on Astrophysical
Journa
Genetically controlled environmental variance for sternopleural bristles in Drosophila melanogaster - an experimental test of a heterogeneous variance model
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A - Animal Science on2007, available online: http://doi.org/10.1080/09064700801959403[EN] objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the environmental variance of sternopleural bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster is partly under genetic control. We used data from 20 inbred lines and 10 control lines to test this hypothesis. Two models were used: a standard quantitative genetics model based on the infinitesimal model, and an extension of this model. In the extended model it is assumed that each individual has its own environmental variance and that this heterogeneity of variance has a genetic component. The heterogeneous variance model was favoured by the data, indicating that the environmental variance is partly under genetic control. If this heterogeneous variance model also applies to livestock, it would be possible to select for animals with a higher uniformity of products across environmental regimes. Also for evolutionary biology the results are of interest as genes affecting the environmental variance may be important for adaptation to changing environmental conditions.Sørensen, AC.; Kristensen, TN.; Loeschcke, V.; Ibañez Escriche, N.; Sorensen, D. (2007). Genetically controlled environmental variance for sternopleural bristles in Drosophila melanogaster - an experimental test of a heterogeneous variance model. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A - Animal Science. 57(4):196-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064700801959403S19620157
Effect of bonding of a CO molecule on the conductance of atomic metal wires
We have measured the effect of bonding of a CO molecule on the conductance of
Au, Cu, Pt, and Ni atomic contacts at 4.2 K. When CO gas is admitted to the
metal nano contacts, a conductance feature appears in the conductance histogram
near 0.5 of the quantum unit of conductance, for all metals. For Au, the
intensity of this fractional conductance feature can be tuned with the bias
voltage, and it disappears at high bias voltage (above 200 mV). The
bonding of CO to Au appears to be weakest, and associated with monotomic Au
wire formation.Comment: 6 figure
Scalable Group Level Probabilistic Sparse Factor Analysis
Many data-driven approaches exist to extract neural representations of
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, but most of them lack a
proper probabilistic formulation. We propose a group level scalable
probabilistic sparse factor analysis (psFA) allowing spatially sparse maps,
component pruning using automatic relevance determination (ARD) and subject
specific heteroscedastic spatial noise modeling. For task-based and resting
state fMRI, we show that the sparsity constraint gives rise to components
similar to those obtained by group independent component analysis. The noise
modeling shows that noise is reduced in areas typically associated with
activation by the experimental design. The psFA model identifies sparse
components and the probabilistic setting provides a natural way to handle
parameter uncertainties. The variational Bayesian framework easily extends to
more complex noise models than the presently considered.Comment: 10 pages plus 5 pages appendix, Submitted to ICASSP 1
Realization of efficient quantum gates with a superconducting qubit-qutrit circuit
Building a quantum computer is a daunting challenge since it requires good
control but also good isolation from the environment to minimize decoherence.
It is therefore important to realize quantum gates efficiently, using as few
operations as possible, to reduce the amount of required control and operation
time and thus improve the quantum state coherence. Here we propose a
superconducting circuit for implementing a tunable system consisting of a
qutrit coupled to two qubits. This system can efficiently accomplish various
quantum information tasks, including generation of entanglement of the two
qubits and conditional three-qubit quantum gates, such as the Toffoli and
Fredkin gates. Furthermore, the system realizes a conditional geometric gate
which may be used for holonomic (non-adiabatic) quantum computing. The
efficiency, robustness and universality of the presented circuit makes it a
promising candidate to serve as a building block for larger networks capable of
performing involved quantum computational tasks.Comment: 27 pages including technical supplementary information, 9 figures,
comments are most welcom
Large Faraday rotation of resonant light in a cold atomic cloud
We experimentally studied the Faraday rotation of resonant light in an
optically-thick cloud of laser-cooled rubidium atoms. Measurements yield a
large Verdet constant in the range of 200 000 degrees/T/mm and a maximal
polarization rotation of 150 degrees. A complete analysis of the polarization
state of the transmitted light was necessary to account for the role of the
probe laser's spectrum
Mapping water in protostellar outflows with Herschel: PACS and HIFI observations of L1448-C
We investigate on the spatial and velocity distribution of H2O along the
L1448 outflow, its relationship with other tracers, and its abundance
variations, using maps of the o-H2O 1_{10}-1_{01} and 2_{12}-1_{01} transitions
taken with the Herschel-HIFI and PACS instruments, respectively. Water emission
appears clumpy, with individual peaks corresponding to shock spots along the
outflow. The bulk of the 557 GHz line is confined to radial velocities in the
range \pm 10-50 km/s but extended emission associated with the L1448-C extreme
high velocity (EHV) jet is also detected. The H2O 1_{10}-1_{01}/CO(3-2) ratio
shows strong variations as a function of velocity that likely reflect different
and changing physical conditions in the gas responsible for the emissions from
the two species. In the EHV jet, a low H2O/SiO abundance ratio is inferred,
that could indicate molecular formation from dust free gas directly ejected
from the proto-stellar wind. We derive averaged Tkin and n(H2) values of about
300-500 K and 5 10^6 cm-3 respectively, while a water abundance with respect to
H2 of the order of 0.5-1 10^{-6} along the outflow is estimated. The fairly
constant conditions found all along the outflow implies that evolutionary
effects on the timescales of outflow propagation do not play a major role in
the H2O chemistry. The results of our analysis show that the bulk of the
observed H2O lines comes from post-shocked regions where the gas, after being
heated to high temperatures, has been already cooled down to a few hundred K.
The relatively low derived abundances, however, call for some mechanism to
diminish the H2O gas in the post-shock region. Among the possible scenarios, we
favor H2O photodissociation, which requires the superposition of a low velocity
non-dissociative shock with a fast dissociative shock able to produce a FUV
field of sufficient strength.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication on Astronomy &
Astrophysic
OH far-infrared emission from low- and intermediate-mass protostars surveyed with Herschel-PACS
OH is a key species in the water chemistry of star-forming regions, because
its presence is tightly related to the formation and destruction of water. This
paper presents OH observations from 23 low- and intermediate-mass young stellar
objects obtained with the PACS integral field spectrometer on-board Herschel in
the context of the Water In Star-forming Regions with Herschel (WISH) key
program. Most low-mass sources have compact OH emission (< 5000 AU scale),
whereas the OH lines in most intermediate-mass sources are extended over the
whole PACS detector field-of-view (> 20000 AU). The strength of the OH emission
is correlated with various source properties such as the bolometric luminosity
and the envelope mass, but also with the OI and H2O emission. Rotational
diagrams for sources with many OH lines show that the level populations of OH
can be approximated by a Boltzmann distribution with an excitation temperature
at around 70 K. Radiative transfer models of spherically symmetric envelopes
cannot reproduce the OH emission fluxes nor their broad line widths, strongly
suggesting an outflow origin. Slab excitation models indicate that the observed
excitation temperature can either be reached if the OH molecules are exposed to
a strong far-infrared continuum radiation field or if the gas temperature and
density are sufficiently high. Using realistic source parameters and radiation
fields, it is shown for the case of Ser SMM1 that radiative pumping plays an
important role in transitions arising from upper level energies higher than 300
K. The compact emission in the low-mass sources and the required presence of a
strong radiation field and/or a high density to excite the OH molecules points
towards an origin in shocks in the inner envelope close to the protostar.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract
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