Определение расходных характеристик в технологических процессах с контролируемым давлением

Assessment of the environmental and economic performance of a safety valve requires information about the flow of the substance through the valve when it is actuated. The goal of this paper was to determine the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass flow rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated. Proposed a mathematical model to describe the processes occurring in the valve. The model includes a system of differential equations describing the physical laws of conservation in the internal volume of the valve and differential equations, which link the value of gas flow through the valve with the pressure and the amount of movement of the shut-off disk. Used a modified method by S.K. Godunov to solve gasdynamic equations. Established that the determination of the flow and power characteristics of the valve requires the preliminary construction of a mathematical model of the safety valve operation. Based on this, proposed a method for determining the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated. Obtained the flow characteristics of the valves under review and the dynamics of movement of the shutoff disc of the valve, as well as the dependence of the pressure change on the opening time of the valve. Comparison of the calculated values with available experimental data gives good agreement of results (no more than 5.6 % for a gas flow rate, under 10 % for the movement of the valve and change the arrival of gas in time using the standard deviation function of the flow characteristics of 0.6 %), confirms the correctness of the defined mathematical model, used numerical schemes and algorithms, as well as the proposed method and recoverability of the arrival of gas in a pressure–time curve

Efficient Model Learning for Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks

We present a framework for learning human user models from joint-action demonstrations that enables the robot to compute a robust policy for a collaborative task with a human. The learning takes place completely automatically, without any human intervention. First, we describe the clustering of demonstrated action sequences into different human types using an unsupervised learning algorithm. These demonstrated sequences are also used by the robot to learn a reward function that is representative for each type, through the employment of an inverse reinforcement learning algorithm. The learned model is then used as part of a Mixed Observability Markov Decision Process formulation, wherein the human type is a partially observable variable. With this framework, we can infer, either offline or online, the human type of a new user that was not included in the training set, and can compute a policy for the robot that will be aligned to the preference of this new user and will be robust to deviations of the human actions from prior demonstrations. Finally we validate the approach using data collected in human subject experiments, and conduct proof-of-concept demonstrations in which a person performs a collaborative task with a small industrial robot

Impact of Industry 4.0 on the economy and production

The difficulties and problems faced by economic entities, countries and regions, in general, on the way to implementing the achievements and developments of Industry 4.0 have been designated in the article. Special attention has been paid to economic and production aspects, as well as changes in the relevant systems in the context of radical technological transformations. In particular, it has been established that markets are becoming oligopolistic, the role and importance of medium and small businesses is significantly increasing, the problems of social inequality and tension in connection with growing unemployment and the need for highly qualified personnel are becoming more acute. In addition, the features of competition for technologies, investments, sales markets, territories of productive forces location have been highlighted. Attention has also been focused on the main “revolutionary” trends in industrial development associated with the launch of the innovation and technological cycle initiated by “Industry 4.0”. Specific actions and measures have been identified to implement these trends into reality

Определение расходных характеристик в технологических процессах с контролируемым давлением

Assessment of the environmental and economic performance of a safety valve requires information about the flow of the substance through the valve when it is actuated. The goal of this paper was to determine the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass flow rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated.Proposed a mathematical model to describe the processes occurring in the valve. The model includes a system of differential equations describing the physical laws of conservation in the internal volume of the valve and differential equations, which link the value of gas flow through the valve with the pressure and the amount of movement of the shut-off disk. Used a modified method by S.K. Godunov to solve gasdynamic equations.Established that the determination of the flow and power characteristics of the valve requires the preliminary construction of a mathematical model of the safety valve operation. Based on this, proposed a method for determining the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated.Obtained the flow characteristics of the valves under review and the dynamics of movement of the shutoff disc of the valve, as well as the dependence of the pressure change on the opening time of the valve. Comparison of the calculated values with available experimental data gives good agreement of results (no more than 5.6 % for a gas flow rate, under 10 % for the movement of the valve and change the arrival of gas in time using the standard deviation function of the flow characteristics of 0.6 %), confirms the correctness of the defined mathematical model, used numerical schemes and algorithms, as well as the proposed method and recoverability of the arrival of gas in a pressure–time curve.Оценка экологичности и экономичности работы предохранительного клапана требует информации о расходе вещества через клапан при его срабатывании. Целью данной работы являлось определение величины расхода сбрасываемого вещества и массовой скорости поступления вещества в предохранительный клапан при его срабатывании.Для описания процессов, протекающих в клапане, предложена математическая модель, включающая систему дифференциальных уравнений, описывающих физические законы сохранения во внутреннем объёме клапана и дифференциальные уравнения, связывающие величину расхода газа через клапан с давлением и величиной перемещения запорного диска. Для решения газодинамических уравнений применялся модифицированный метод С.К. Годунова.Установлено, что определение расходной и силовой характеристик клапана требует предварительного построения математической модели функционирования предохранительного клапана. На основании чего предложена методика определения величины расхода сбрасываемого вещества и массовой скорости поступления вещества в предохранительный клапан при его срабатывании.Получены расходные характеристики рассматриваемых клапанов и динамика перемещения запорного диска клапана, а также зависимость изменения давления от времени открытия клапана. Сопоставление расчётных значений с имеющимися экспериментальными данными даёт хорошее совпадение (не более 5,6 % для расхода газа, менее 10 % для перемещения клапана и изменения прихода газа во времени при среднеквадратичных отклонениях функции расходных характеристик 0,6 %) результатов, подтверждает корректность сформулированной математической модели, используемых численных схем и алгоритмов, предложенной методики и возможность восстановления прихода газа по кривой давление – время

The phenomenon of multiculturalism in the regional strategizing

The purpose of the article is to justify the possibility of the modernizing development of the region based on the rational use of the potential of a mixed economy of its territories. In contrast to the existing ideas about multiculturalism as a problem, demonstrating the structural imbalances in the economy of the region, the authors view it as a phenomenon that allows the region to provide a competitive advantage. The methodological base of this study is the convergence of the system, synergistic, institutional and endogenous approaches, and sharing a number of theories - growth poles, territorial industrial clusters, balanced development. The article shows the role of the institutional environment in realizing the potential of a diversified economy in the region. It formulates conceptual positions of the mechanism of regional strategizing aimed at the development of relations between territories with the different types of lifestyles. The basis of the interactions is the consensus of economic interests, compromise of competitive aspirations and market positions of the entities as equal partners. It is concluded that there is the need to change the existing system of regional strategizing in terms of strengthening its focus on the formation of the institutional channels for the communication of corporate, small-scale and farm structures. The recommendations on the potential of the mixed economy of the regions were used in the development of the Strategy of investment development for the Rostov region until 2020

Ethnic stereotypes’ reflection by means of modern cinematography

The aim of the research work is to identify the specifics of auto and hetero stereotypes about Americans and Russians on the example of modern cinema in the USA and Russia. It is established that the specificity of ethnic stereotypes represented by modern films of the USA and Russia depends on the culture of the society, the conditions of its development, the depth of contacts between ethnic groups in the process of historical developmen

A study of alcohol consumption by persons of working to grow in Sverdlovsk region

The results of the study of alcohol consumption by workers of working age of the Sverdlovsk region will reveal the main motives of alcohol consumption, the age interval of initiation to alcohol and their awareness of the dangers of alcoholismРезультаты исследования потребления алкоголя работниками трудоспособного возраста Свердловской области позволят выявить основные мотивы употребления алкоголя, возрастной интервал приобщения к алкоголю и информированности их о вреде алкоголизации

Genome sequences of Acholeplasma laidlawii strains differing in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin

© 2017 Medvedeva et al. Acholeplasma laidlawii is a well-suited model for study of the molecular basis of the adaptation of mollicutes to environmental conditions. Here we present the whole-genome sequences of four strains of A. laidlawii with differential sensitivity to ciprofloxacin