Theoretical approaches towards global social development

Background/Objective: The topicality of the research is stipulated by the determination of the theoretical approaches that could serve as a basis for path finding out of the global systemic crisis. Theoretical views of outstanding economists of the past toward the future of humanity and the real state of the world are of undoubted interest. The article deals with the ideas of G.V. Plekhanov, analyzes the results of their implementation in Russia in the 1990s. Possible perspectives of social development are associated with a change in the socio-economic views on the role and the place of nature in today’s context. Methods: The basic methods of studying this problem are the economic analysis, deduction, factor analysis and system-structural approach. Findings: The authors have given the analysis of the theory of economic growth stages, considered the views of Plekhanov toward the development of capitalism in Russia and the modification of the social nature of the monarchy and its consequences. To secure its future, the humankind is destined to change moral principles. Changing social consciousness depends on the level of culture and education. The theoretical approaches are determined that could be core ones in searching for ways out of the today’s global problems. Improvements/Novelty: Solving global problems of today such as nature and society, war and peace, social inequality is closely linked to changes in consumption patterns. Nature, life on the planet should be a common goal for all countries and peoples. Economy and politics should be subject to this goal. These findings are of practical value to scientists, economists, sociologists, philosophers, as well as for college teachers.peer-reviewe

Stability of HEB receivers at THz frequencies

Stability of a hot-electron bolometer (HEB) heterodyne receiver was investigated at frequencies from 0.6THz to 1.9THz. The Allan variance was measured as a function of the integration time and the Allan time was obtained for HEB mixers of different size, as well as with different types of the local oscillator: FIR laser, multiplier chain, and BWO. We have found that due to stronger dependence of the mixer gain and noise vs mixer bias voltage and current the Allan time is shorter for smaller mixers. At 1.6THz the Allan time is 3 sec for 4x0.4μm^2 bolometer, and 0.15-0.2 sec for 1x0.15μm^2 bolometer. Obtained stability apears to be the same for the FIR laser and the mulitplier chain. The Allan time for smaller bolometers increases to 0.4-0.5sec at 0.6-0.7THz LO frequencies. The influence of the IF chain on the obtained results is also analyzed

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ФИБРОЗА ПЕЧЕНИ

In the article we describe different modern methods of estimation of liver fibrosis at chronic viral hepatitis and their role in clinical practice.В настоящем обзоре приведены различные современные методы оценки фиброза печени при хронических вирусных гепатитах и показана их роль в клинической практике

Stability of HEB receivers at THz frequencies

Stability of a hot-electron bolometer (HEB) heterodyne receiver was investigated at frequencies from 0.6THz to 1.9THz. The Allan variance was measured as a function of the integration time and the Allan time was obtained for HEB mixers of different size, as well as with different types of the local oscillator: FIR laser, multiplier chain, and BWO. We have found that due to stronger dependence of the mixer gain and noise vs mixer bias voltage and current the Allan time is shorter for smaller mixers. At 1.6THz the Allan time is 3 sec for 4x0.4μm^2 bolometer, and 0.15-0.2 sec for 1x0.15μm^2 bolometer. Obtained stability apears to be the same for the FIR laser and the mulitplier chain. The Allan time for smaller bolometers increases to 0.4-0.5sec at 0.6-0.7THz LO frequencies. The influence of the IF chain on the obtained results is also analyzed

СТРУКТУРООБРАЗОВАНИЕ ФЛОКУЛИРОВАННЫХ ПОЛИАКРИЛАМИДОМ СОЛЕВЫХ ДИСПЕРСИЙ ГЛИНЫ

Under the laboratory conditions, processes of flocculation, phase separation and structurization of saline clay dispersion have been simulated and investigated. Effect of polymer (polyacrylamide) introduced at flocculation stage on properties of final products was studied. It has been found that at polymer concentrations of 0.01–0.2 mg/g, solid phase density and dewatering capability of flocs increase 1.4–1.6 times. Strength yield stress and optimal granules size have a maximum at polyacrylamide concentration of 0.2 mg/g of the disperse phase. Introduction of polyacrylamide into saline clay dispersion during structurization step reduces yield stress, density and plasticity 1.4–1.7 times, compared to adding the polymer at flocculation stage. This could be explained by adsorption of polymer macromolecules on the clay particles during flocculation step, to form bridges, whereas during structure formation step polymer binds larger clay aggregates and the strength of such contacts is weaker. Results of the study allow to estimate a concentration range of polymeric flocculant which provides optimal parameters of the studied processes and properties of the final products. The results are used in the complex recycling technology of clay-containing wastes of potash production.В лабораторных условиях смоделированы и исследованы технологические процессы флокуляции, фазового разделения и структурообразования солевых дисперсий глины. Изучено влияние полимера (полиакриламида), введенного на стадии флокуляции, на свойства образующихся продуктов. Установлено, что в интервале концентрацийполимера 0,01–0,2 мг/г плотность и влагоотдача флокул увеличиваются в 1,4–1,6 раза. Предельное напряжение сдвига дисперсии, прочность и количество гранул заданного размера изменяются экстремально с максимумом при концентрации полиакриламида 0,2 мг/г. Введение полиакриламида в солевую дисперсию на стадии структурообразования уменьшает предельное напряжение сдвига, плотность и пластичность дисперсии в 1,4–1,7 раза по сравнению с вариантом, когда полимер добавлен на стадии флокуляции. Это обусловлено тем, что на стадии флокуляции макромолекулы полимера адсорбируются на частицах глины с образованием между ними полимерных мостиков, тогда как при структурообразовании полимер скрепляет более крупные глинистые агрегаты и прочность таких контактов меньше.Результаты исследований позволили установить интервал концентраций полимерного флокулянта, обеспечивающий оптимальные параметры исследованных процессов и свойства образующихся продуктов. Полученные результаты использованы в технологии комплексной переработки глиносодержащих отходов калийного производства

Main outcomes of the Phebus FPT1 uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in the EU-MUSA project

The Management and Uncertainties of Severe Accidents (MUSA) project was funded in HORIZON 2020 and is coordinated by CIEMAT (Spain). The project aims at consolidating a harmonized approach for the analysis of uncertainties and sensitivities associated with Severe Accidents (SAs) analysis, focusing on source term figures of merit. The Application of Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) Methods against Integral Experiments (AUQMIE – Work Package 4 (WP4)), led by ENEA (Italy), was devoted to apply and test UQ methodologies adopting the internationally recognized PHEBUS FPT1 test. FPT1 was chosen to test UQ methodologies because, even though it is a simplified SA scenario, it was representative of the in-vessel phase of a severe accident initiated by a break in the cold leg of a PWR primary circuit. WP4 served as a platform to identify and discuss the issues encountered in the application of UQ methodol ogies to SA analyses (e.g. discuss the UQ methodology, perform the coupling between the SA codes and the UQ tools, define the results post-processing methods, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to describe the MUSA PHEBUS FPT1 uncertainty application exercise with the related specifications and the methodologies used by the partners to perform the UQ exercise. The main outcomes and lessons learned of the analysis are: scripting was in general needed for the SA code and uncertainty tool coupling and to have more flexibility; particular attention should be devoted to the proper choice of the input uncertain parameters; outlier values of figures of merit should be carefully analyzed; the computational time is a key element to perform UQ in SA; the large number of uncertain input parameters may complicate the interpretation of correlation or sensitivity analysis; there is the need for a statistically solid handling of failed calculations

First outcomes from the PHEBUS FPT1 uncertainty application done in the EU MUSA project

The Management and Uncertainties of Severe Accidents (MUSA) project, founded in HORIZON 2020 and coordinated by CIEMAT (Spain), aims to consolidate a harmonized approach for the analysis of uncertainties and sensitivities associated with Severe Accidents (SAs) by focusing on Source Term (ST) Figure of Merits (FOM). In this framework, among the 7 MUSA WPs the Application of Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) Methods against Integral Experiments (AUQMIE – Work Package 4 (WP4)), led by ENEA (Italy), looked at applying and testing UQ methodologies, against the internationally recognized PHEBUS FPT1 test. Considering that FPT1 is a simplified but representative SA scenario, the main target of the WP4 is to train project partners to perform UQ for SA analyses. WP4 is also a collaborative platform for highlighting and discussing results and issues arising from the application of UQ methodologies, already used for design basis accidents, and in MUSA for SA analyses. As a consequence, WP4 application creates the technical background useful for the full plant and spent fuel pool applications planned along the MUSA project, and it also gives a first contribution for MUSA best practices and lessons learned. 16 partners from different world regions are involved in the WP4 activities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the MUSA PHEBUS FPT1 uncertainty application exercise, the methodologies used by the partners to perform the UQ exercise, and the first insights coming out from the calculation phase

Results of the work of Yekaterinburg city cardiorheumatological child center and the possibility of specialized medical care today

The article presents the history and the work of City Cardiorheumatological Child Center which is located in the Children`s Clinical Hospital №11 Yekaterinburg City. The characteristic of the work of all departments of cardiorheumatological center, which includes outpatient advisory department (10,800 visits per year), cardiorheumatological department, day hospital, intensive care unit, functional diagnostics department with ultrasound procedures presented. Organization of such structures of pediatric service can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment cardiac disease in young age.В статье представлена история создания городского детского кардиологического центра и современная модель центра на базе ДГКБ №11. и кафедры поликлинической педиатрии и педиатрии ФПК и ПП Уральского Государственного медицинского Университета. Дана характеристика работы всех подразделений кардиоревматологического центра, включающего специализированное отделение, амбулаторно-консультативное отделение на 10,8 тысяч посещений в год, дневной стационар, отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии и отделение функциональной диагностики с кабинетом УЗИ-исследований. Организация подобных структур педиатрической службы позволяет повышать эффективность диагностики и лечения детей с кардиологической патологией и предупредить прогрессирование в молодом и более старшем возрасте