Micromagnetic Simulations of Anisotropies in Coupled and Uncoupled Ferromagnetic Nanowire Systems

The influence of a variation of spatial relative orientations onto the coupling dynamics and subsequent magnetic anisotropies was modeled in ferromagnetic nanowires. The wires were analyzed in the most elementary configurations, thus, arranged in pairs perpendicular to each other, leading to one-dimensional (linear) and zero-dimensional (point-like) coupling. Different distances within each elementary pair of wires and between the pairs give rise to varying interactions between parallel and perpendicular wires, respectively. Simulated coercivities show an exchange of easy and hard axes for systems with different couplings. Additionally, two of the systems exhibit a unique switching behavior which can be utilized for developing new functionalities

Моделирование диффузии водорода по границам зерен в титане

В результате исследования было определено, что коэффициенты диффузии, полученные методом молекулярной динамики, подчиняются уравнению Аррениуса, т.е. с ростом температуры увеличивается и коэффициенты диффузии. Результаты расчетов согласуются с экспериментальными данными и другими расчетами. Результаты исследований могут быть полезны для исследователей, изучающих системы металл-водород, а также в области материаловедения, авиаконструкция и водородной энергетики. Кроме того, для теоретиков, работающих в области молекулярно-динамических расчетов, данные расчеты позволят оценить границы применимости используемого потенциала взаимодействия.As a result of the study, it was determined that the diffusion coefficients obtained by the molecular dynamics method obey the Arrhenius equation, i.e. With increasing temperature, the diffusion coefficients also increase. The results of the calculations are consistent with the experimental data and other calculations. The results of the research can be useful for researchers studying metal-hydrogen systems, as well as in the field of materials science, aircraft construction and hydrogen energy. In addition, for theorists working in the field of molecular dynamics calculations, these calculations will make it possible to estimate the limits of applicability of the interaction potential use

Magneto-optic measurements on uneven magnetic layers on cardboard

Measurements of magnetic hysteresis loops by magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) are usually performed on even surfaces which reflect the impinging laser beam without any disturbance. Alternatively, such measurements can be done on regularly structured samples, resulting in the possibility to investigate different diffraction orders who deliver different information about the magnetism in the magnetic particles. Rough magnetic surfaces, however, occur when rough substrates are coated with a magnetic layer, or when large magnetic particles are placed on a base material due to practical reasons. The article depicts the possibility to measure magnetic hysteresis loops on surfaces with a roughness about one order of magnitude higher than the light wavelength. This enables applied measurements of magnetic parameters on biological samples, textiles, irregular magnetic nanofibers etc

On the efficiency of techniques for the reduction of impulsive noise in astronomical images

The impulsive noise in astronomical images originates from various sources. It develops as a result of thermal generation in pixels, collision of cosmic rays with image sensor or may be induced by high readout voltage in Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD). It is usually efficiently removed by employing the dark frames or by averaging several exposures. Unfortunately, there are some circumstances, when either the observed objects or positions of impulsive pixels evolve and therefore each obtained image has to be filtered independently. In this article we present an overview of impulsive noise filtering methods and compare their efficiency for the purpose of astronomical image enhancement. The employed set of noise templates consists of dark frames obtained from CCD and EMCCD cameras working on ground and in space. The experiments conducted on synthetic and real images, allowed for drawing numerous conclusions about the usefulness of several filtering methods for various: (1) widths of stellar profiles, (2) signal to noise ratios, (3) noise distributions and (4) applied imaging techniques. The results of presented evaluation are especially valuable for selection of the most efficient filtering schema in astronomical image processing pipelines.Comment: MNRAS accepted (July 2016), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2016

Human presence impacts fungal diversity of inflated lunar/Mars analog habitat

Abstract Background An inflatable lunar/Mars analog habitat (ILMAH), simulated closed system isolated by HEPA filtration, mimics International Space Station (ISS) conditions and future human habitation on other planets except for the exchange of air between outdoor and indoor environments. The ILMAH was primarily commissioned to measure physiological, psychological, and immunological characteristics of human inhabiting in isolation, but it was also available for other studies such as examining its microbiological aspects. Characterizing and understanding possible changes and succession of fungal species is of high importance since fungi are not only hazardous to inhabitants but also deteriorate the habitats. Observing the mycobiome changes in the presence of human will enable developing appropriate countermeasures with reference to crew health in a future closed habitat. Results Succession of fungi was characterized utilizing both traditional and state-of-the-art molecular techniques during the 30-day human occupation of the ILMAH. Surface samples were collected at various time points and locations to observe both the total and viable fungal populations of common environmental and opportunistic pathogenic species. To estimate the cultivable fungal population, potato dextrose agar plate counts method was utilized. The internal transcribed spacer region-based iTag Illumina sequencing was employed to measure the community structure and fluctuation of the mycobiome over time in various locations. Treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA; a DNA intercalating dye for selective detection of viable microbial populations) had a significant effect on the microbial diversity compared to non-PMA-treated samples. Statistical analysis confirmed that viable fungal community structure changed (increase in diversity and decrease in fungal burden) over the occupation time. Samples collected at day 20 showed distinct fungal profiles from samples collected at any other time point (before or after). Viable fungal families like Davidiellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, and Pleosporaceae were shown to increase during the occupation time. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that the overall fungal diversity in the closed habitat changed during human presence; therefore, it is crucial to properly maintain a closed habitat to preserve it from deteriorating and keep it safe for its inhabitants. Differences in community profiles were observed when statistically treated, especially of the mycobiome of samples collected at day 20. On a genus level Epiccocum, Alternaria, Pleosporales, Davidiella, and Cryptococcus showed increased abundance over the occupation time