‘May You Eat Your Father’s Flesh!’: Concept of Father in Kalmyk Curses

Introduction. Curses constitute an earliest stratum of ethnic oral narratives and still remain somewhat understudied. The former’s shaping resulted from belief in magic and the latter’s supposed ability to bring harm onto one’s opponent. The article attempts a textual analysis of oral curses once recorded from ethnic Kalmyks. Goals. The study seeks to outline semantic features inherent to formulas of curses in B. Bergmann’s dictionary of Kalmyk phraseological units, and investigate his letters for cursing phrases containing the lexeme ‘father’. Materials and methods. The phrases subject to descriptive analysis have been selected via continuous sampling. The paper focuses on B. Bergmann’s Kalmyk phraseological lists and letters (‘Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmȕken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803’), other Mongolian language materials. Results. The linguoculturological and contextual insights into the formulas of curses make it possible to delineate the latter’s communicative essentials and semantic components. Thematically, the variety of curses can be reduced to a number of ill wishes, such as loss of health and life, misfortunes in family and decreased living standards, etc. Our semantic analysis suggests the formulas are largely culture-specific and may be viewed as manifested spiritual experiences and mental attitudes of the then Kalmyks. So, the paper comprehensively examines the not that widespread Kalmyk curses containing the lexeme ‘father’ from B. Bergmann’s letters

‘His Dedicated Work Be a Precious Gift to Oriental Linguistics’: Revisiting the Grammar of Kalmyk Mongolian by Aleksey A. Bobrovnikov

Introduction. The article discusses the contribution of Aleksey A. Bobrovnikov, a scholar, teacher, and pioneer of Mongolian studies in Russia. He authored the Grammar of Kalmyk Mongolian which holds a special place in the variety of nineteenth-century textbooks, and still remains a classic in Mongolian linguistics. Goals. The study attempts an insight into how A. Bobrovnikov created his manual for theological institutions of the Russian Empire. Materials. The work focuses on documents contained in Collection 10 (‘Kazan Theological Academy’) of the National Archive of Tatarstan. Results. Our archival investigations have discovered a number of documents dealing with A. Bobrovnikov’s travel to Kalmyk Steppe (Astrakhan Governorate) when he was welcomed and stayed in estates owned by the Tundutovs and the Tyumens. His accounts of everyday life, traditions and customs, language patterns recorded from Dorbets and Khoshuts are of utmost interest to ethnographers and philologists. The manual’s publication was preceded by meticulous research efforts of the academic Mongolist. Kazan Theological Academy was educating Christian missionaries and facilitated a lot the study of not only customs and traditions but also languages of Mongolic, Turkic, and Finno-Ugric peoples, which would shape the foundations of academic Mongolian and Oriental studies in Russia. So, the missionaries’ contributions — including that of A. Bobrovnikov — are enormous and even invaluable, since (unlike professional Orientalists) the former would deal with living colloquial languages

Factors of compliance of a child with rules in a Russian cultural context

© 2016 EECERA.The article covers the analysis of the child’s psychology compliance with culture rules – the cultural congruence. The description of the technique aimed to detect the cultural congruence of five- to six-year-old children is presented. The technique is made on the basis of the revealed range of rules of a child’s and adult’s interaction in a social situation. It provides the possibility to determine the child’s compliance with the norms according to four scales, in combination they form the cultural congruence indicator. Scales of cultural congruence are correlated to a number of factors: ‘compliance with adult’s expectations, ‘obedience’, ‘self-control’, ‘observance of safety rules’, ‘self-care’. The technique of cultural congruence determination is approved for the Russian sample of children living in the megalopolis with the population over one million people. Along with the empirical material, special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis of differences in the positions ‘personality’ and ‘subject’ in their interaction with culture as the system of standard situations

Commitment of Parents and Doctors of Irkutsk City to Vaccination against Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Today in Irkutsk region, we face a noticeable increase in the number of cases of ixodid tick sucking to urban residents. Ticks, found in the territory of Irkutsk city, were detected to have all currently known pathogens causing such serious diseases as tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis, monocytic ehrlichiosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and tick-borne recurrent fever. These diseases may develop to severe  forms, and lead to disability or even death.  The aim of the study was to evaluate the opinion of parents and doctors on vaccination against tick-borne viral encephalitis in Irkutsk based on the data of an anonymous questionnaire survey.Material and methods. The descriptive retrospective epidemiological study was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. It included 1620 parents and 193 doctors of various specialties in Irkutsk. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using Excel tables (Windows 2010) and the Statistica 6.0 program.Results and discussion. In general, the attitude towards vaccination looks positive – 98 % of the parents vaccinate their children. 11.3 % of parents vaccinate their children from tick-borne encephalitis, 23.3 % of doctors vaccinate themselves. Every fourth doctor vaccinates his child against this infection.Conclusion. Insufficient vaccination coverage against tick-borne encephalitis is noted both among the population and among doctors of Irkutsk. It is important to introduce health education for the population and to adopt new ways for improving the qualifications of doctors in immunization issues

Мнение врачей различных специальностей о вакцинации: опасения и ожидания

Purpose of the study. To study the view of the Irkutsk physicians of different specialities on the vaccination.Materials and methods. We assessed the degree of awareness of 324 physicians of different specialities on the preventive vaccination based on the data of cross-sectional descriptive multicenter research. All the respondents were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 218) – physicians prescribing vaccination for children (pediatricians, neonatologists); group 2 (n = 54) – physicians prescribing vaccination for adults (general practitioners, obstetricians-gynecologists); group 3 (n = 52) – physicians who can consult on the problems of vaccinations (neurologists and other physicians). Statistical analysis of the research results was carried out using Statistica 6.0. Critical level of statistical significancep assumed equal 0,05.Results. Physicians aged 21 to 50 years old prevailed (251/324 – 77,5%). Pediatricians (89/159 – 56%; χ2 = 5,94; df = 1; p < 0,05) and neurologists (19/27– 70,4%; χ2 = 4,46; p < 0,05) state their «sufficient» level of awareness on the vaccination. Obstetricians-gynecologists (28/42 – 66,6%; χ2 = 4,78; p < 0,05) state their «insufficient» level of awareness on the vaccination. Physicians of group 1 more often inform patients about the importance of vaccination (χ2 = 7,9, p < 0.01 and χ2 = 6,3, p < 0,05, respectively) and consider it necessary to vaccinate children additionally from current infections, unlike physicians of group 2 (χ2 = 27,6; df = 1; p < 0,0001). Most of the respondents (211/324 – 65,1%) agree with the necessity of introduction of a law on parental responsibility in case of vaccine-controlled disease for his child.Conclusion. Monitoring the adherence of physicians to immunologic prophylaxis for themselves and their patients will allow timely identification and elimination of emerging contradictions and problems, as well as to maintain a high level of confidence in vaccination among the population.  Цель: изучение отношения к вакцинации врачей разных специальностей г. Иркутска.Материалы и методы. По данным кросс-секционного описательного многоцентрового исследования проведена оценка информированности в вопросах вакцинопрофилактики 324 врачей разных специальностей. Из указанной выборки респондентов были выделены 3  группы: группа 1 (n = 218) – врачи, назначающие вакцинацию детям (педиатры, неонатологи); группа 2 (n = 54) – врачи, назначающие вакцинацию взрослым (терапевты, акушеры-гинекологи); группа 3 (n = 52) – врачи, которые могут консультировать по вопросам вакцинации (неврологи, хирурги и другие специалисты). Статистический анализ результатов проведён с использованием программы «Statistica 6.0». Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез о существовании различий показателей между группами p принят равным 0,05.Результаты. Среди респондентов преобладали специалисты в возрасте от 21 до 50 лет (251/324 – 77,5%). О «достаточном» уровне знаний по вопросам вакцинации заявляют врачи-педиатры (89/159 – 56%; χ2 = 5,94; df = 1; p < 0,05) и врачи-неврологи (19/27 –70,4%; χ2 = 4,46; p < 0,05). «Недостаточными» признали свои знания врачи акушеры-гинекологи (28/41 – 66,6%; χ2 = 4,78; p < 0,05). Специалисты группы 1 чаще информируют пациентов о важности прививок (χ2 = 7,9, р < 0,01) и считают необходимым прививать детей дополнительно – от актуальных инфекций, в отличие от врачей из группы 2 (χ2 = 27,6; df = 1; р < 0,0001). Многие опрошенные (211/324 – 65,1%) согласны с необходимостью юридической ответственности родителя в случае возникновения у его ребёнка заболевания, контролируемого вакцинопрофилактикой. Заключение. Мониторинг приверженности врачей к иммунопрофилактике для себя и своих пациентов позволит своевременно выявлять и устранять возникающие противоречия, а также поддерживать высокий уровень доверия к вакцинации у населения

TIME CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE KANDALAKSHA AND KERETSK GRABENS OF THE WHITE SEA PALEO-RIFT SYSTEM FROM NEW ISOTOPIC GEOCHRONOLOGICAL DATA

Initially, the age and stratigraphic position of the Tersk formation were determined with respect to the fact that this formation overlaps the Early Proterozoic granitoids. Its top was marked by the rocks penetrated by the Late Devonian alkaline intrusions, including explosion pipes.This article presents the U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircon grains (dZr) from sandstones of the Tersk formation. It describes the geochemical compositions of the rocks and the Sm-Nd study results. In our study, the weighted average age of four youngest dZr grains from the sandstones of the Tersk formation is 1145±20 Ma, which suggests that the rocks above the studied rock layer (see the Tersk formation cross-section) are is not older than the end of the Middle Riphean. The U-Pb isotopic ages of dZr grains (provenance signals) from the sandstones of the Tersk formation were compared to the ages of other Upper Precambrian clastic strata in the northeastern East European platform (EEP) and adjacent areas. Our comparative analysis shows that these rocks significantly differ in age. This conclusion is in good agreement with the idea that at the end of the Middle and during the Late Riphean, several small (mainly closed) basins separated by uplifts dominated in the paleogeographic setting of the area wherein the White Sea rift system (WSRS) formed and developed. Temporal connections of these basins with the ocean were possible. Such paleogeographic setting does not favour the development of large rivers; this is why the grabens are mainly filled with local rock materials. The Keretsk and Kandalaksha grabens (WSRS) are filled with marine sediments eroded from the grabens walls. The local sediment sources include eclogite complexes (~1.9 Ga), which basic magmatism is dated at ~2.4–2.5 and ~2.7–2.9 Ga. Any potential primary sources for dZr grains are lacking in the area near the Keretsk graben. We suggest that such grains occurred due to recycling of the secondary sources of zircon, i.e. originated from ancient local sedimentary formations

О ВРЕМЕНИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КАНДАЛАКШСКОГО И КЕРЕЦКОГО ГРАБЕНОВ ПАЛЕОРИФТОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ БЕЛОГО МОРЯ В СВЕТЕ НОВЫХ ДАННЫХ ИЗОТОПНОЙ ГЕОХРОНОЛОГИИ

Initially, the age and stratigraphic position of the Tersk formation were determined with respect to the fact that this formation overlaps the Early Proterozoic granitoids. Its top was marked by the rocks penetrated by the Late Devonian alkaline intrusions, including explosion pipes.This article presents the U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircon grains (dZr) from sandstones of the Tersk formation. It describes the geochemical compositions of the rocks and the Sm-Nd study results. In our study, the weighted average age of four youngest dZr grains from the sandstones of the Tersk formation is 1145±20 Ma, which suggests that the rocks above the studied rock layer (see the Tersk formation cross-section) are is not older than the end of the Middle Riphean. The U-Pb isotopic ages of dZr grains (provenance signals) from the sandstones of the Tersk formation were compared to the ages of other Upper Precambrian clastic strata in the northeastern East European platform (EEP) and adjacent areas. Our comparative analysis shows that these rocks significantly differ in age. This conclusion is in good agreement with the idea that at the end of the Middle and during the Late Riphean, several small (mainly closed) basins separated by uplifts dominated in the paleogeographic setting of the area wherein the White Sea rift system (WSRS) formed and developed. Temporal connections of these basins with the ocean were possible. Such paleogeographic setting does not favour the development of large rivers; this is why the grabens are mainly filled with local rock materials. The Keretsk and Kandalaksha grabens (WSRS) are filled with marine sediments eroded from the grabens walls. The local sediment sources include eclogite complexes (~1.9 Ga), which basic magmatism is dated at ~2.4–2.5 and ~2.7–2.9 Ga. Any potential primary sources for dZr grains are lacking in the area near the Keretsk graben. We suggest that such grains occurred due to recycling of the secondary sources of zircon, i.e. originated from ancient local sedimentary formations.На начальном этапе исследований возраст и стратиграфическое положение терской свиты ограничивались снизу ее налеганием на раннепротерозойские гранитоиды, а сверху – тем, что породы терской свиты вмещают позднедевонские щелочные интрузии (в том числе и трубки взрыва).В статье представлены результаты U-Pb изотопного датирования зерен детритового циркона (dZr) из песчаников терской свиты, дополненные определениями химического состава пород и результатами их изотопного Sm-Nd изучения. Полученный средневзвешенный возраст четырех наиболее молодых зерен dZr из песчаников терской свиты составил 1145±20 млн лет, что означает, что часть разреза терской свиты, залегающая выше изученного уровня, не может быть древнее конца среднего рифея. Сравнительный анализ полученного набора U-Pb изотопных датировок зерен dZr (провенанс-сигнала) из песчаников терской свиты и аналогичных данных по другим верхнедокембрийским обломочным толщам, распространенным на северо-востоке Восточно-Европейской платформы и в сопредельных регионах, выявил существенные различия. Это находится в хорошем соответствии с представлениями о том, что палеогеографическую обстановку, господствовавшую в конце среднего и в позднем рифее в области заложения и развития рифтовой системы Белого моря (РСБМ), можно рассматривать как совокупность небольших (часто бессточных) бассейнов, разделенных поднятиями. Эти бассейны могли время от времени иметь связь с Мировым океаном. Такая палеогеографическая ситуация не благоприятствовала развитию крупных рек, поэтому грабены заполнялись преимущественно материалом местного происхождения. Кандалакшский и Керецкий грабены РСБМ заполнены осадками морского генезиса, представляющими собой преимущественно продукты размыва вещественных комплексов, участвующих в строении бортов этих грабенов. Среди местных локальных источников идентифицированы эклогитовые комплексы с возрастом метаморфизма ~1.9 млрд лет и базитовового магматизма с возрастом ~2.4–2.5 и ~2.7–2.9 млрд лет. Попадание зерен dZr, для которых нет потенциальных близких первичных источников, расположенных около Керецкого грабена, произошло за счет рециклинга из вторичных источников циркона – местных древних осадочных образований

The Early Proterozoic Matachewan Large Igneous Province: Geochemistry, Petrogenesis, and Implications for Earth Evolution

The Matachewan Large Igneous Province (LIP) is interpreted to have formed during the early stages of mantle plume-induced continental break-up in the early Proterozoic. When the Matachewan LIP is reconstructed to its original configuration with units from the Superior Craton and other formerly adjacent blocks (Karelia, Kola, Wyoming and Hearne), the dyke swarms, layered intrusions and flood basalts, emplaced over the lifetime of the province, form one of the most extensive magmatic provinces recognized in the geological record. New geochemical data allow, for the first time, the Matachewan LIP to be considered as a single, coherent entity and show that Matachewan LIP rocks share a common tholeiitic composition and trace element geochemistry, characterized by enrichment in the most incompatible elements and depletion in the less incompatible elements. This signature, ubiquitous in early Proterozoic continental magmatic rocks, may indicate that the Matachewan LIP formed through contamination of the primary magmas with litho-spheric material or that the early Proterozoic mantle had a fundamentally different composition from the modern mantle. In addition to the radiating geometry of the dyke swarms, a plume origin for the Matachewan LIP is consistent with the geochemistry of some of the suites; these suites are used to constrain a source mantle potential temperature of c. 1500-1550 degrees C. Comparison of these mantle potential temperatures with estimated temperatures for the early Proterozoic upper mantle indicates that they are consistent with a hot mantle plume source for the magmatism. Geochemical data from coeval intrusions suggest that the plume head was compositionally heterogeneous and sampled material from both depleted and enriched mantle. As has been documented with less ancient but similarly vast LIPs, the emplacement of the Matachewan LIP probably had a significant impact on the early Proterozoic global environment. Compilation of the best age estimates for various suites shows that the emplacement of the Matachewan LIP occurred synchronously with the Great Oxidation Event. We explore the potential for the eruption of this LIP and the emission of its associated volcanic gases to have been a driver of the irreversible oxygenation of the Earth

Timing and duration of Palaeoproterozoic events producing ore-bearing layered intrusions of the Baltic Shield : metallogenic, petrological and geodynamic implications

There are two 300-500-km long belts of Palaeoproterozoic layered intrusions: the Northern (Kola) Belt and the Southern (Fenno-Karelian) Belt in the Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield. New U-Pb (TIMS) ages and radiogenic isotopic (Nd-Sr-He) data have been determined for mafic-ultramafic Cu-Ni-Ti-Cr and PGEbearing layered intrusions of the Kola Belt. U-Pb ages on zircon and baddeleyite for gabbronorite and anorthosite from the Fedorovo-Pansky, Monchepluton and Main Ridge (Monchetundra and Chunatundra), Mt. Generalskaya intrusions and gabbronorite and dykes from the Imandra lopolith of the Kola Belt define a time interval of more than 130 million years, from ca. 2.52 Ga to 2.39 Ga. At least four intrusive phases have been distinguished: three PGE-bearing, and one barren. This spread of ages is wider than that for intrusions of the Fenno-Karelian Belt which clusters at 2.44 Ga. Nd isotopic values for the Northern Belt range from - 1.1 to -2.4, implying an enriched mantle “EM-1 type” reservoir for these layered intrusions. Initial Sr isotopic data for the rocks of the intrusions are radiogenic relative to bulk mantle, with ISr values from 0.703 to 0.704. Geochemical data and 4He /3He isotopic ratios of the minerals reflect a significant contribution from a mantle source rather than the influence of crustal processes during emplacement. The geological and geochronological data indicate that in the eastern part of the Baltic Shield, mafic – ultramafic intrusive magmatism was active over a protracted period and was related to plume magmatism associated with continental breakup that also involved the Superior and Wyoming provinces