12,776 research outputs found
Evidence of Skyrmion excitations about in n-Modulation Doped Single Quantum Wells by Inter-band Optical Transmission
We observe a dramatic reduction in the degree of spin-polarization of a
two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field when the Fermi energy moves
off the mid-point of the spin-gap of the lowest Landau level, . This
rapid decay of spin alignment to an unpolarized state occurs over small changes
to both higher and lower magnetic field. The degree of electron spin
polarization as a function of is measured through the magneto-absorption
spectra which distinguish the occupancy of the two electron spin states. The
data provide experimental evidence for the presence of Skyrmion excitations
where exchange energy dominates Zeeman energy in the integer quantum Hall
regime at
Effects of seawater and deionized water at 0 to 80 deg C on the flexural properties of a glass/epoxy composite
The effect on the flexural properties of a glass/epoxy composite of immersion in deionized water or seawater at 0, 25, and 80 C for 451 hr was examined. The percent weight gain at 0 and 25 C was low (0.06 to 0.17 percent) and there was no significant change in the flexural properties for these environmental conditions. At 80 C there was a decrease in the flexural strength of 17 and 20 percent in seawater and deionized water, respectively. This is a comparison to control samples exposed to 80 C heat alone. These decreases were found to be nearly reversible once the samples were dried. Optical microscopy did not reveal cracking of the matrix. The flexural modulus was essentially unaffected by exposure to deionized water and seawater at 80 C
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary with co-existent endometriosis: A case report and review of the literature
© 2020 The Authors Introduction: Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare malignant gynecologic neoplasm occurring in the uterine corpus and ovary. The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of MLA closely resemble that of cervical mesonephric adenocarcinomas, but whether they share a common histogenesis remains unclear. Two main theories for histogenesis of MLAs include the origination of these neoplasms from mesonephric remnants, as is the case for cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma, versus the differentiation along a mesonephric pathway from Mullerian lesions. Case: A 67-year-old presented after a right salpingo-oophorectomy for a complex ovarian mass revealed a mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary and endometriosis. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and infra-colic omentectomy, and diagnosed with Stage IA mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary. At 18 months post-operatively, the patient developed flank and abdominal pain and was found to have multiple sites of recurrent disease. She was referred to medical oncology for chemotherapy as she was not a candidate for surgical cytoreduction. Discussion: This case demonstrates the aggressive nature of ovarian MLA and the need for a multidisciplinary approach when determining the treatment. In addition, this case provides further evidence to support the theory that at least a subset of MLAs arises from a Mullerian lesion which then differentiates down a mesonephric pathway
How to find the holonomy algebra of a Lorentzian manifold
Manifolds with exceptional holonomy play an important role in string theory,
supergravity and M-theory. It is explained how one can find the holonomy
algebra of an arbitrary Riemannian or Lorentzian manifold. Using the de~Rham
and Wu decompositions, this problem is reduced to the case of locally
indecomposable manifolds. In the case of locally indecomposable Riemannian
manifolds, it is known that the holonomy algebra can be found from the analysis
of special geometric structures on the manifold. If the holonomy algebra
of a locally indecomposable
Lorentzian manifold of dimension is different from
, then it is contained in the similitude algebra
. There are 4 types of such holonomy algebras. Criterion
how to find the type of are given, and special geometric
structures corresponding to each type are described. To each
there is a canonically associated subalgebra
. An algorithm how to find
is provided.Comment: 15 pages; the final versio
Predictions for the Cosmogenic Neutrino Flux in Light of New Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) has measured the spectrum and composition
of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. We use these
measurements to constrain their spectrum and composition as injected from their
sources and, in turn, use these results to estimate the spectrum of cosmogenic
neutrinos generated in their propagation through intergalactic space. We find
that the PAO measurements can be well fit if the injected cosmic rays consist
entirely of nuclei with masses in the intermediate (C, N, O) to heavy (Fe, Si)
range. A mixture of protons and heavier species is also acceptable but (on the
basis of existing hadronic interaction models) injection of pure light nuclei
(p, He) results in unacceptable fits to the new elongation rate data. The
expected spectrum of cosmogenic neutrinos can vary considerably, depending on
the precise spectrum and chemical composition injected from the cosmic ray
sources. In the models where heavy nuclei dominate the cosmic ray spectrum and
few dissociated protons exceed GZK energies, the cosmogenic neutrino flux can
be suppressed by up to two orders of magnitude relative to the all-proton
prediction, making its detection beyond the reach of current and planned
neutrino telescopes. Other models consistent with the data, however, are
proton-dominated with only a small (1-10%) admixture of heavy nuclei and
predict an associated cosmogenic flux within the reach of upcoming experiments.
Thus a detection or non-detection of cosmogenic neutrinos can assist in
discriminating between these possibilities.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Band Gap Engineering with Ultralarge Biaxial Strains in Suspended Monolayer MoS2
We demonstrate the continuous and reversible tuning of the optical band gap
of suspended monolayer MoS2 membranes by as much as 500 meV by applying very
large biaxial strains. By using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to grow
crystals that are highly impermeable to gas, we are able to apply a pressure
difference across suspended membranes to induce biaxial strains. We observe the
effect of strain on the energy and intensity of the peaks in the
photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, and find a linear tuning rate of the optical
band gap of 99 meV/%. This method is then used to study the PL spectra of
bilayer and trilayer devices under strain, and to find the shift rates and
Gr\"uneisen parameters of two Raman modes in monolayer MoS2. Finally, we use
this result to show that we can apply biaxial strains as large as 5.6% across
micron sized areas, and report evidence for the strain tuning of higher level
optical transitions.Comment: Nano Lett., Article ASA
Non-Perturbative Production of Multi-Boson States and Quantum Bubbles
The amplitude of production of on-mass-shell scalar bosons by a highly
virtual field is considered in a theory with weak
coupling and spontaneously broken symmetry. The amplitude of this
process is known to have an growth when the produced bosons are exactly at
rest. Here it is shown that for the process goes through
`quantum bubbles', i.e. quantized droplets of a different vacuum phase, which
are non-perturbative resonant states of the field . The bubbles provide a
form factor for the production amplitude, which rapidly decreases above the
threshold. As a result the probability of the process may be heavily suppressed
and may decrease with energy as , where the power
depends on the number of space dimensions. Also discussed are the quantized
states of bubbles and the amplitudes of their formation and decay.Comment: 20 pages in LaTeX + 3 figures (fugures not included, hardcopy
available on request), TPI-MINN-93/20-
On the Number of Iterations for Dantzig-Wolfe Optimization and Packing-Covering Approximation Algorithms
We give a lower bound on the iteration complexity of a natural class of
Lagrangean-relaxation algorithms for approximately solving packing/covering
linear programs. We show that, given an input with random 0/1-constraints
on variables, with high probability, any such algorithm requires
iterations to compute a
-approximate solution, where is the width of the input.
The bound is tight for a range of the parameters .
The algorithms in the class include Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, Benders'
decomposition, Lagrangean relaxation as developed by Held and Karp [1971] for
lower-bounding TSP, and many others (e.g. by Plotkin, Shmoys, and Tardos [1988]
and Grigoriadis and Khachiyan [1996]). To prove the bound, we use a discrepancy
argument to show an analogous lower bound on the support size of
-approximate mixed strategies for random two-player zero-sum
0/1-matrix games
The kernel of the edth operators on higher-genus spacelike two-surfaces
The dimension of the kernels of the edth and edth-prime operators on closed,
orientable spacelike 2-surfaces with arbitrary genus is calculated, and some of
its mathematical and physical consequences are discussed.Comment: 12 page
Sensitivity of quantum chaotic wavefunction intensities to changes in external perturbations
We examine the sensitivity of wavefunction intensities in chaotic quantum
systems to small changes in an arbitrary external perturbation. A universal
scaling is proposed for all three Dyson ensembles and a novel theoretical
approach is used to determine exact expressions for systems which violate
T-invariance. Analytical results are compared with numerical simulations of
tight-binding Anderson Hamiltonians.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX 3.0, 3 Postscript figure
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