Modern aspects of diagnostics and treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> infection from standpoint of stomach cancer prophylaxis

The aim of review. To discuss modern aspects of diagnostics and treatment of H. pylori infection in relation of stomach cancer prophylaxis according to data of oral and poster presentations, delivered at XXVII International workshop of the European Helicobacter Study Group.Summary. The main attention has been given to relation of H. pylori infection to stomach cancer and eradications of infection as a mean of malignancy prevention. Data on relation of H. pylori to other diseases, including non-gastroenterological disorders are presented. Comparative estimation of efficacy of different modes of eradication therapy is given. According to conclusion of the majority of publications and data of meta-analyses, nowadays both bismuth-based and bismuth-free quadrotherapy are considered as the most effective treatment algorithms.Conclusion. For estimation of role of H. pylori infection in development of various diseases, and to improve management of patients further studies are required

Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurial Competencies Development among University Students

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at a comparative analysis of the level of students’ entrepreneurial competencies of various forms of education (full-time, parttime, correspondence courses forms). The sample included 564 students of Ural State University of Economics (Yekaterinburg) and Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky (Omsk) of non-core areas of training. Empirical data were collected using an online survey and the method of narrative essays. The data obtained were interpreted and processed using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, R), one-factor analysis of variance, factor analysis and qualitative analysis of student histories. The conducted research makes it possible to assess the differences in the level of assessed competencies of students depending on the form of study, to determine the correlation of the presence of entrepreneurial intentions and assessments of students’ entrepreneurial competencies, as well as to analyze the attitude of students to the importance of the formation of entrepreneurial competencies at the university. As a result, statistically significant differences in the values of indicators of competence development by the factor of the education form by university students were revealed. Based on the data obtained on the research issues, the authors actualize the importance of attention to the development of entrepreneurial intentions and competencies of university students in non-core areas of training, including through the introduction of special disciplines into the curricula, which can become one of the predictors of the economic and social well-being of the country

Practical implementation of the process of digitalization of education in master programs

The work aims at solving one of the problems of digitalization of education in the direction of training 44.04.01 “Pedagogical education” (in the master's program “Information and Communication Technologies in Education”). The leading method for studying this problem is the method of comparison and grouping, which allows us to identify the effectiveness of electronic educational materials and digital educational resources as components of the process of the digitalization of education in the preparation of master’s degree graduate

Efficacy of Topical Corticosteroid Monotherapy in Inducing and Maintaining Clinical and Histologic Remission in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the second most common cause of esophagitis. Topical steroids represent a promising group of drugs for inducing and maintaining clinical and histological remission in these patients.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of topical steroids in inducing and maintaining clinical and histological remission in adolescent and adult patients with EoE.Methods. A systematic literature search using defined keywords was performed up to March 20, 2021 in the MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrial.gov databases.Results. 390 patients from 5 studies were included in this systematic review with meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that topical steroids, compared with placebo, was more effective in inducing (odds ratio (OR) 75.77; 95 % confidence interval (CI): (21.8; 263.41), p &lt; 0.001) and maintaining complete histological remission (OR 103.65; 95 % CI: (36.05; 298.01), p &lt; 0.001) in patients with EoE. Also, topical steroids significantly relieved disease symptoms compared with placebo in inducing and maintaining clinical remission (OR 4.86; 95 % CI: (1.4; 16.86), p = 0.01) and (OR 11.06; 95 % CI: (4.62; 26.45), p &lt; 0.001) respectively.Conclusions. Topical steroids represent an effective group of drugs for inducing and maintaining histologic and clinical remission in adolescent and adult patients with EoE

Issues of diagnostics and treatment of abdominal pain at irritable bowel syndrome at outpatient stage of the healthcare

The aim of review. To present the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for abdominal pain at out-patient/ polyclinic healthcare institutions and to demonstrate potential of hyoscine butylbromide application during diagnostic process and for relief of abdominal pain at irritable bowel syndrome.Summary. From 20% to 50% of all admissions to medical institutions are related to abdominal spasms and pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). According to the Clinical guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological association and abdominal pain management algorithm at outpatient reception, the doctor on the basis of interviewing, inspection and physical data first of all should exclude acute abdominal diseases (acute pain, parietal pain) requiring urgent examination by the surgeon or gynecologist and subsequent hospitalization. In the case of visceral pain the minimal range of laboratory and instrumental tests is indicated. If the history of visceral pain is more than 6 months and there are no alarm symptoms, doctor should define specific features of clinical presentation already during outpatient visit, taking into account pain location, that provides formulation of preliminary diagnosis. Epigastric pain (dyspepsia), biliary pain, abdominal pain which can be accompanied by impaired frequency and consistency of stool determine the further investigation plan. Implementation of diagnostic algorithm allows to distinguish the organic disease or to establishthe diagnosis of functional disease. Hyoscine butylbromide at short-term treatment will relieve abdominal spasm as a symptomatic agent. Course treatment effectively reduces intensity and frequency of abdominal pain at IBS. The rate of adverse events and tolerability of hyoscine butylbromide are comparable to that of placebo.Conclusion. Symptomatic treatment by antispasmodic drugs is justified from the moment of referral for medical aid to outpatient department. Hyoscine butylbromide can be prescribed for relief of acute and chronic pain at any stage of diagnostic process. Course intake of antispasmodics has proved its efficacy for pain relief at IBS

Investigating organic aerosol loading in the remote marine environment

Aerosol loading in the marine environment is investigated using aerosol composition measurements from several research ship campaigns (ICEALOT, MAP, RHaMBLe, VOCALS and OOMPH), observations of total AOD column from satellite (MODIS) and ship-based instruments (Maritime Aerosol Network, MAN), and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This work represents the most comprehensive evaluation of oceanic OM emission inventories to date, by employing aerosol composition measurements obtained from campaigns with wide spatial and temporal coverage. The model underestimates AOD over the remote ocean on average by 0.02 (21 %), compared to satellite observations, but provides an unbiased simulation of ground-based Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) observations. Comparison with cruise data demonstrates that the GEOS-Chem simulation of marine sulfate, with the mean observed values ranging between 0.22 μg m−3 and 1.34 μg m−3, is generally unbiased, however surface organic matter (OM) concentrations, with the mean observed concentrations between 0.07 μg m−3 and 0.77 μg m−3, are underestimated by a factor of 2–5 for the standard model run. Addition of a sub-micron marine OM source of approximately 9 TgC yr−1 brings the model into agreement with the ship-based measurements, however this additional OM source does not explain the model underestimate of marine AOD. The model underestimate of marine AOD is therefore likely the result of a combination of satellite retrieval bias and a missing marine aerosol source (which exhibits a different spatial pattern than existing aerosol in the model)

ДОСВІД ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ В ХАРКІВСЬКІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ АКАДЕМІЇ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article analyzes the approaches to the definition of quality education and its support; the basic issue of increasing the quality of postgraduate medical (pharmaceutical) education as a prerequisite for its integration into the European educational and scientific space; policy highlights KhMAPE Quality assurance and internal quality assurance system of education, which includes analysis and quantitative indicators aimed at maintaining the existing system of values and traditions; highlights promising experiences concerning the quality of postgraduate medical education; the ways to improve it.У статті проаналізовано  підходи щодо визначення поняття якості освіти та її забезпечення; розглянуто основні питання підвищення якості післядипломної медичної (фармацевтичної) освіти як однієї з передумов її інтеграції до Європейського освітнього та наукового простору; висвітлені політика ХМАПО щодо забезпечення якості та внутрішня система забезпечення якості освітньої діяльності, яка включає аналіз кількісних показників та спрямована на підтримку існуючої системи цінностей і традицій; висвітлено перспективний досвід щодо забезпечення якості післядипломної медичної освіти; окреслено шляхи її підвищення

Morphological features of autoimmune gastritis

Aim of investigation. To estimate presence of classical morphological signs of autoimmune gastritis (AIH) in patients with high titer of antiparietal cells antibodies.Material and methods. Overall 15 patients (3 men and 12 women, 28 to 72 years old) have been included in original study. Clinical symptoms in the study group varied and included both severe В12-deficient anemia and normal levels of pepsinogen I, gastrin-17 and cyanocobalamine. In 4 patients Helicobacter pylori infection has been detected. According to guidelines of the Russian Society of Pathologists in all cases multiple biopsies have been taken at esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Biopsy specimens were processed by the standard technique, sections were stained by hematoxyline and eosine.Results. Classical signs of AIH i.e. atrophy of mucosa of body of the stomach and intestinal metaplasia were not revealed. The signs of feeble inflammation in body of the stomach were found in 6 patients. In 4 cases biopsy specimens had no inflammatory or atrophic changes. Pseudo-hypertrophy of parietal cells was the unique morphological feature found out in these cases. At all patients involvement of antral region of the stomach was marked. Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia was diagnosed in 4 patients. In 3 cases non-metaplastic variant of patchy atrophic gastritis was present, the rest revealed superficial gastritis with signs of activity in 4 cases. No Н. рylori was found out morphologically.Conclusion. In our investigation in patients with AIG no metaplastic atrophic lesions was found in body of the stomach, while metaplastic atrophy had patchy pattern. The pseudo-hypertrophy of parietal cells as well as dilation of main glands lumen can be the earliest and unique sign found in biopsy specimens. Involvement of antral region was revealed in all patients, in 4 cases it has been related to presence of H. pylori infection at the moment of investigation. Thus, the diagnosis of AIG was based mainly on elevated level antiparietal cells antibodies at blood serum test

Inflammation, impaired motor function and visceral hypersensitivity: the main mechanisms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (materials of the Expert Council and literature review)

Aim. To review the main mechanisms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and to present the materials of an Expert Council, which was held on 10 December 2021 in Moscow.Key points. The pathogenesis of the most common functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract — functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial and includes motor disorders of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, visceral hypersensitivity, changes in the intestinal microbiome, impairment of the permeability of the protective barrier, low-grade inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, etc. This often leads to the prescription of a complex of various medications to such patients, which increases the risk of undesirable drug interactions and side effects. Multitargeted therapy involves the use of drugs that simultaneously affect different pathogenetic links. One of these drugs is Iberogast®, which normalizes gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensitivity, has an anti-inflammatory action and is highly effective in treatment of FD and IBS.Conclusion. In the treatment of functional gastrointestinal diseases characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis, preference should be given to multi-targeted therapy with the use of drugs that have an effect on its various links