Reduced Number of Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Requiring Operative Treatment during COVID-19 Restrictions: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Cited by: 28; All Open Access, Green Open AccessPeer reviewe

Reduced Number of Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Requiring Operative Treatment during COVID-19 Restrictions: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Cited by: 28; All Open Access, Green Open AccessPeer reviewe

Restoration of riverine habitat for fishes - analyses of changes in physical habitat conditions

Abstract The subject of the study was to search and test restoration measures for the most common physical habitat degradations in Finnish rivers. Methods for constructing nursery and spawning habitats for salmonid fishes were tested in small rivers dredged for timber floating in the Iijoki watercourse. Physical habitat modelling was used to simulate the effects of restoration measures to the hydro-physical conditions and potential fish habitats. The rehabilitation of the river bed and the placement of boulder structures, especially large boulder dams, made the rapids spatially more complex and increased the availability of potential physical habitat for brown trout (Salmo trutta). The physical habitat model was applied in the river Siikajoki to estimate the impacts of flow regulation patterns on the physical habitat quality. No single flow event causing a bottle-neck effect on the potential habitat suitable for brown trout was found. In a sensitivity analysis of habitat modelling, modifications of the suitability criteria appeared to have a major influence on habitat suitability for young brown trout. The applicability of low reefs and narrow side channels for fish habitat improvement was studied, using the large river impoundment of Oulujoki as a test area. Limited validation experiments of the model results were carried out on the basis of fish telemetry experiments and observations by local rod fishermen. The restoration measures appeared to diversify the channel structure and increase sheltered lateral habitats for grayling (Thymallus thymallus). Habitat structure and fish populations of seven small forest streams and two modified streams were surveyed using visual evaluation and electrofishing studies. None of the studied streams was found to be in pristine condition in all of its reaches. Brown trout was the most abundant species in most of the study streams. In most streams the brown trout distribution correlated positively with substrate size. The accumulation of fine materials on the stream bottom due to forestry operations was estimated to be the most harmful human impact on the studied streams. Some restoration suggestions were made for each of the streams

Évaluation de la restauration des rivières chenalisées pour le flottage du bois : étude du cas de la rivière Kutinjoki, Finlande du Nord

Au cours de la dernière décennie, plusieurs projets de restauration de rivières à grande échelle ont été initiés en Finlande, afin de réhabiliter la structure originale de l'habitat dans des rivières chenalisées pour le flottage du bois dans les années 1950-1960. L'objectif principal de la restauration est d'augmenter la diversité des berges et d'améliorer l'habitat des poissons en réarrangeant le substrat sur le fond de la rivière. Les digues de blocs utilisées sur la rivière Kutinjoki ont augmenté la diversité et la variabilité des profondeurs, des vitesses et des classes de substrats dominants disponibles, et ont augmenté la complexité spatiale des rapides. Sur les sites étudiés, les successions radiers-mouilles étaient clairement visibles après restauration et contrastaient avec les écoulements plus ou moins homogènes d'avant restauration. L'opération de restauration semble favoriser les truites de un an (1+) et plus. Si l'on souhaite planifier et évaluer ce type d'amélioration de l'habitat piscicole, il est fortement conseillé d'utiliser une modélisation des conditions physiques et hydrologiques à une échelle pertinente pour les poissons et d'y inclure une analyse des préférences d'habitat des poissons

Very early introduction of semisolid foods in preterm infants does not increase food allergies or atopic dermatitis

Abstract Background: The optimal age for the introduction of solid foods for infants has long been a controversial issue. Objective: To determine whether the early introduction of semisolid foods influences the incidence of food allergy or atopic dermatitis among preterm infants. Methods: Retrospective data from 464 preterm infants born in Oulu University Hospital between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed. Age- and sex-matched full-term control children from the general population were identified. The primary outcome of the study was the difference in timing of the introduction of complementary feeding between preterm and full-term infants. The secondary outcomes were the incidences of food allergies and atopic dermatitis by the ages of 1 and 2 years. Results: Semisolid food was introduced at the median corrected age of 1.4 months for all preterm infants, at 1.9 months for late preterm, at 0.9 months for very preterm, and at 0.1 months for extremely preterm infants. The cumulative incidence, either of food allergies or of atopic dermatitis, did not differ significantly between preterm infants and controls by the ages of 1 and 2 years. Conclusion: The very early introduction of complementary foods into the diet of preterm babies did not increase the incidence of food allergies or atopic dermatitis even among the most preterm infants. This finding supports the hypothesis that the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of preterm infants is ready to encounter food proteins and to begin the maturation process within 3 to 6 months of birth, regardless of gestational age