112 research outputs found
An Overview of Computational Approaches for Interpretation Analysis
It is said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But how exactly can we
characterize such discrepancies in interpretation? For example, are there any
specific features of an image that makes person A regard an image as beautiful
while person B finds the same image displeasing? Such questions ultimately aim
at explaining our individual ways of interpretation, an intention that has been
of fundamental importance to the social sciences from the beginning. More
recently, advances in computer science brought up two related questions: First,
can computational tools be adopted for analyzing ways of interpretation?
Second, what if the "beholder" is a computer model, i.e., how can we explain a
computer model's point of view? Numerous efforts have been made regarding both
of these points, while many existing approaches focus on particular aspects and
are still rather separate. With this paper, in order to connect these
approaches we introduce a theoretical framework for analyzing interpretation,
which is applicable to interpretation of both human beings and computer models.
We give an overview of relevant computational approaches from various fields,
and discuss the most common and promising application areas. The focus of this
paper lies on interpretation of text and image data, while many of the
presented approaches are applicable to other types of data as well.Comment: Preprint submitted to Digital Signal Processin
Learning Hybrid Process Models From Events: Process Discovery Without Faking Confidence
Process discovery techniques return process models that are either formal
(precisely describing the possible behaviors) or informal (merely a "picture"
not allowing for any form of formal reasoning). Formal models are able to
classify traces (i.e., sequences of events) as fitting or non-fitting. Most
process mining approaches described in the literature produce such models. This
is in stark contrast with the over 25 available commercial process mining tools
that only discover informal process models that remain deliberately vague on
the precise set of possible traces. There are two main reasons why vendors
resort to such models: scalability and simplicity. In this paper, we propose to
combine the best of both worlds: discovering hybrid process models that have
formal and informal elements. As a proof of concept we present a discovery
technique based on hybrid Petri nets. These models allow for formal reasoning,
but also reveal information that cannot be captured in mainstream formal
models. A novel discovery algorithm returning hybrid Petri nets has been
implemented in ProM and has been applied to several real-life event logs. The
results clearly demonstrate the advantages of remaining "vague" when there is
not enough "evidence" in the data or standard modeling constructs do not "fit".
Moreover, the approach is scalable enough to be incorporated in
industrial-strength process mining tools.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Methodological issues in cross-cultural research
Regardless of whether the research goal is to establish cultural universals or to identify and explain cross-cultural differences, researchers need measures that are comparable across different cultures when conducting cross-cultural studies. In this chapter, we describe two major strategies for enhancing cross-cultural comparability. First, we discuss a priori methods to ensure the comparability of data in cross-cultural surveys. In particular, we review findings on cross-cultural differences based on the psychology of survey response and provide suggestions on how to deal with these cultural differences in the survey design stage. Second, we discuss post hoc methods to ascertain data comparability and enable comparisons in the presence of threats to equivalence
Process Evaluation of a Dutch Community Intervention to improve Health Related Behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods
Objectives: To assess whether a community intervention on health related behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods was delivered as planned and the extent of exposure to the intervention programme. Methods: Data were gathered throughout the intervention period using minutes of meetings, registration forms and a postal questionnaire among residents in intervention and comparison neighbourhoods. Results: Overall, the intervention was delivered according to the key principles of a "community approach", although community participation could have been improved. Neighbourhood coalitions organized more than 50 health related activities in the neighbourhoods over a two-year period. Most activities were directed at attracting attention, providing information, and increasing awareness and knowledge, and at changing behaviours. Programme awareness and programme participation were 24% respectively 3% among residents in the intervention neighbourhoods. Conclusions: The process evaluation indicated that it was feasible to implement a community intervention according to the key principles of the "community approach" in deprived neighbourhoods. However, it is unlikely that the total package of intervention activities had enough strength and sufficient exposure to attain community-wide health behaviour change
Sociocultural and psychological determinants in migrants for noncompliance with occlusion therapy for amblyopia
Background: Compliance with occlusion therapy for amblyopia in children is low when their parents have a low level of education, speak Dutch poorly, or originate from another country. We determined how sociocultural and psychological determinants affect compliance. Methods: Included we
Programa de intervención en representaciones de creatividad y motivación académica de adolescentes
Creativity and its promotion are widespread concerns in education. However, few efforts have been made to implement
intervention programs designed to promote creativity and other related aspects (e.g., academic motivation). The Future Problem Solving
Program International (FPSPI), aimed for training creativity representations and creative problem solving skills in young people, has
been one of the most implemented programs. This intervention’s materials and activities were adapted for Portuguese students, and
a longitudinal study was conducted. The program was implemented during four months, in weekly sessions, by thirteen teachers.
Teachers received previous training for the program and during the program’s implementation. Intervention participants included
77 Basic and Secondary Education students, and control participants included 78 equivalent students. Pretest-posttest measures of
academic motivation and creativity representations were collected. Results suggest a significant increase, in the intervention group,
in motivation and the appropriate representations of creativity. Practical implications and future research perspectives are presented.A criatividade e sua promoção geram grande preocupação em educação. Contudo, poucos esforços têm existido para
implementar programas destinados a sua promoção e de outros aspetos relacionados (e.g., motivação acadêmica). O Future Problem
Solving Program International (FPSPI), criado para melhorar as representações de criatividade e a resolução criativa de problemas
em jovens, tem sido um dos mais implementados. Os seus materiais e atividades foram adaptados para estudantes portugueses,
efetuando-se um estudo longitudinal. O programa foi implementado durante quatro meses, semanalmente, por treze professores, que
receberam formação antes e durante a implementação. O grupo experimental incluiu 77 estudantes do Ensino Básico e Secundário,
apresentando o grupo de controlo 78 estudantes com características equivalentes. Os dados sobre a motivação e criatividade foram
recolhidos num pré e pós-teste. Os resultados sugerem um aumento significativo na motivação e crenças apropriadas de criatividade
no grupo experimental. Implicações práticas e perspectivas para investigações futuras são apresentadas.La creatividad y su promoción generan gran preocupación en educación. Sin embargo, han sido llevados a cabo pocos
esfuerzos para implementar programas de promoción de la creatividad y otros aspectos (e.g., motivación académica). El Future
Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI), creado para mejorar las representaciones de creatividad y la solución creativa de
problemas en jóvenes, ha sido bastante implementado. Se adaptaron sus materiales y actividades para estudiantes portugueses, y
se desarrolló un estudio longitudinal. El programa se implementó semanalmente durante cuatro meses por trece profesores, que
recibieron formación antes y durante la implementación. El grupo experimental incluyó 77 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y
Secundaria y el grupo de control incluyó 78 estudiantes con características semejantes. Los datos de motivación y creatividad fueron
recogidos en un pre y post-test, sugiriendo un aumento significativo de motivación y creencias apropiadas sobre la creatividad en el
grupo experimental. Se presentan implicaciones prácticas y perspectivas para futuras investigaciones.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BPD/80825/201
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