Além do gênero binário: repensando o direito ao reconhecimento legal de gênero

Traduzido por: Leandro Reinaldo da CunhaTítulo original: Beyond the gender binary: rethinking the right to legal gender recognitio

PASSion: a pattern growth algorithm-based pipeline for splice junction detection in paired-end RNA-Seq data

Motivation: RNA-seq is a powerful technology for the study of transcriptome profiles that uses deep-sequencing technologies. Moreover, it may be used for cellular phenotyping and help establishing the etiology of diseases characterized by abnormal splicing patterns. In RNA-Seq, the exact nature of splicing events is buried in the reads that span exon–exon boundaries. The accurate and efficient mapping of these reads to the reference genome is a major challenge

Polo-like kinase 3 regulates CtIP during DNA double-strand break repair in G1

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The C terminal binding protein–interacting protein (CtIP) is phosphorylated in G2 by cyclin-dependent kinases to initiate resection and promote HR. CtIP also exerts functions during NHEJ, although the mechanism phosphorylating CtIP in G1 is unknown. In this paper, we identify Plk3 (Polo-like kinase 3) as a novel DSB response factor that phosphorylates CtIP in G1 in a damage-inducible manner and impacts on various cellular processes in G1. First, Plk3 and CtIP enhance the formation of ionizing radiation-induced translocations; second, they promote large-scale genomic deletions from restriction enzyme-induced DSBs; third, they are required for resection and repair of complex DSBs; and finally, they regulate alternative NHEJ processes in Ku−/− mutants. We show that mutating CtIP at S327 or T847 to nonphosphorylatable alanine phenocopies Plk3 or CtIP loss. Plk3 binds to CtIP phosphorylated at S327 via its Polo box domains, which is necessary for robust damage-induced CtIP phosphorylation at S327 and subsequent CtIP phosphorylation at T847

Subjects and actors

Published online: 15 March 2024States and international organisations are by tradition the main legal subjects of international law. In addition, a number of actors can also be identified that display limited features of international legal personality. In recent decades an acknowledgment has grown ever stronger that a range of actors in addition to States and international organisations can perform various regulatory functions. This pluralisation of the conception of international legal actors blurs the conventional distinction between subjects and objects of international law. This chapter in a first step introduces the concepts of legal personality and legal subjectivity to then discuss in more depth a number of actors in international law. These include the traditional as well as more recent or possibly emerging subjects of international law. In addition, the chapter will touch upon actors which even though not possessing formal legal personality play a role in making, interpreting, and enforcing international law