Female Institutional Directors on Boards and Firm Value

The aim of this research is to examine what impact female institutional directors on boards have on corporate performance. Previous research shows that institutional female directors cannot be considered as a homogeneous group since they represent investors who may or may not maintain business relations with the companies on whose corporate boards they sit. Thus, it is not only the effect of female institutional directors as a whole on firm value that has been analysed, but also the impact of pressure-resistant female directors, who represent institutional investors (investment, pension and mutual funds) that only invest in the company, and do not maintain a business relation with the firm. We hypothesize that there is a non-linear association, specifically quadratic, between institutional and pressure-resistant female directors on boards and corporate performance. Our results report that female institutional directors on boards enhance corporate performance, but when they reach a certain threshold on boards (11.72 %), firm value decreases. In line with female institutional directors, pressure-resistant female directors on boards also increase firm value, but only up to a certain figure (12.71 % on boards), above which they have a negative impact on firm performance. These findings are consistent with an inverted U-shaped relationship between female institutional directors and pressure-resistant female directors and firm performance

Socially Responsible And Sustainable Employment Policy Trends

The purpose of the article is to examine social and economic issues and problems systematically in order to determine how the public and corporate social responsibility are understood, processed and increased over time; to explore if there are any statistically significant values. Also, the analysis of corporate social responsibility concept is performed and tools of corporate sustainability and its implications on companies are analysed, highlighting the situation regarding corporate social responsibility development in Baltic States. This study investigates the relationship between organizational values and sensitivity to corporate social responsibility among current employees. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is analyzed in order to explain its effectiveness in Lithuanian encouraging firms to focus on the empowerment of business participants and socially oriented effective business development. The research has contributed to the development of assessment instrument for organizational culture environment values orientations that determine the organizational culture environment and ascertain the factors that affect the differences of value orientation structures. This article provides an overview of socially responsible and sustainable employment policy trends in Lithuania. The publication also deals with the employment and corporate social responsibility (CSR) development factors that are closely related with the implementation of socially responsible labour market policies; these factors reflect chances of the population’s integration into the labour market. Results of the research point out the necessity of social responsibility facilitating ethics studies in entrepreneur training programs in universities and colleges. Also, a conclusions has been achieved that the integration of CSR and public administration system would bring higher sustainable level